Age-Specific Cancer Incidence Rates Increase Through the Oldest Age Groups

Abstract Background Studies have documented a temporal increase in incidence for several cancers in US young adults aged 25 to 39-years, including noncardia gastric cancer, colorectal cancer, and distant-stage breast cancer. To further characterize trends in young adults, we assessed age-specific and stage-specific incidence trends from 1975 to 2015, overall (all malignant cancers combined), and for 18 and 16 cancer sites in women and men, respectively. Methods We used US population-based data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program to obtain overall and site-specific cancer incidence rates by sex and age group. We individually analyzed cancer sites with an incidence rate of at least 5 per 100 000 in 2015, accounting for greater than 90% of all cancer diagnoses. We estimated annual percent changes (APCs) using segment log-linear regression performed with joinpoint software; multiple permutation testing was used to identify inflection points. We forecasted overall cancer incidence through 2030 using age-period-cohort regression models. Results Based on trends occurring after the most recent joinpoint inflection point, overall cancer incidence increased by 1.15% (95% CI = 1.01% to 1.28%) per year in 25- to 39-year-old women and by 0.46% (95% CI = 0.17% to 0.75%) per year in 25- to 39-year-old men; APCs were of much lower magnitude in the older age groups (eg, 70- to 84-year-old women APC = −0.31%, 95% CI = −0.42% to −0.20%). We forecasted that overall cancer incidence will increase by an additional 11% by 2030 in 25- to 39-year-old women, and by an additional 12% in 25- to 39-year-old men. Ten of the 18 cancers assessed in 25- to 39-year-old women and 7 of the 16 cancers in 25- to 39-year-old men have been statistically significantly increasing over time. We found that the increase in incidence for young adults is stage specific for some cancers (eg, only nonlocalized breast cancer has increased in 25- to 39-year-old women). Conclusion Cancer incidence is increasing in young adults, particularly in young women.

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Thyroid Cancer Incidence in New Jersey: Time Trend, Birth Cohort and Socioeconomic Status Analysis (1979–2006)

Journal of Environmental and Public Health ◽

10.1155/2011/850105 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 2011 ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Lisa M. Roche ◽

Xiaoling Niu ◽

Karen S. Pawlish ◽

Kevin A. Henry

Keyword(s):

Socioeconomic Status ◽

Thyroid Cancer ◽

New Jersey ◽

Birth Cohort ◽

Cancer Incidence ◽

Age Groups ◽

Incidence Rates ◽

Population Exposure ◽

Thyroid Cancer Incidence ◽

Cancer Incidence Rates

The study's purpose was to investigate thyroid cancer incidence time trends, birth cohort effects, and association with socioeconomic status (SES) in New Jersey (NJ), a high incidence state, using NJ State Cancer Registry data. Thyroid cancer incidence rates in each sex, nearly all age groups, two major histologies and all stages significantly increased between 1979 and 2006. For each sex, age-specific incidence rates began greatly increasing in the 1924 birth cohort and, generally, the highest thyroid cancer incidence rate for each five-year age group occurred in the latest birth cohort and diagnosis period. Thyroid cancer incidence rates were significantly higher in NJ Census tracts with higher SES and in counties with a higher percentage of insured residents. These results support further investigation into the relationship between rising thyroid cancer incidence and increasing population exposure to medical (including diagnostic) radiation, as well as widespread use of more sensitive diagnostic techniques.

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Brain cancer incidence rates and the presence of nuclear reactors in US states: a hypothesis-generating study

Environmental Geochemistry and Health ◽

10.1007/s10653-021-00896-0 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Mark R. Williamson ◽

Marilyn G. Klug ◽

Gary G. Schwartz

Keyword(s):

Ionizing Radiation ◽

Cancer Incidence ◽

Brain Cancer ◽

Nuclear Reactors ◽

Age Groups ◽

Nuclear Research ◽

Cancer Registries ◽

Incidence Rates ◽

Research Reactors ◽

Cancer Incidence Rates

Abstract Background The etiology of brain cancer is poorly understood. The only confirmed environmental risk factor is exposure to ionizing radiation. Because nuclear reactors emit ionizing radiation, we examined brain cancer incidence rates in the USA in relation to the presence of nuclear reactors per state. Methods Data on brain cancer incidence rates per state for Whites by sex for three age groups (all ages, 50 and older, and under 50) were obtained from cancer registries. The location, number, and type of nuclear reactor, i.e., power or research reactor, was obtained from public sources. We examined the association between these variables using multivariate linear regression and ANOVA. Results Brain cancer incidence rates were not associated with the number of nuclear power reactors. Conversely, incidence rates per state increased with the number of nuclear research reactors. This was significant for both sexes combined and for males in the ‘all ages’ category (β = 0.08, p = 0.0319 and β = 0.12, p = 0.0277, respectively), and for both sexes combined in the’50 and older’ category (β = 0.18, p = 0.0163). Brain cancer incidence rates for counties with research reactors were significantly higher than the corresponding rates for their states overall (p = 0.0140). These findings were not explicable by known confounders. Conclusions Brain cancer incidence rates are positively associated with the number of nuclear research reactors per state. These findings merit further exploration and suggest new opportunities for research in brain cancer epidemiology.

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Understanding Population-Based Site-Specific Cancer Incidence Rates in the USA

Journal of Cancer Education ◽

10.1007/s13187-011-0266-3 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 27 (2) ◽

pp. 263-268 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Ray M. Merrill ◽

Arielle Sloan ◽

Lelinneth B. Novilla

Keyword(s):

Cancer Incidence ◽

Population Based ◽

Incidence Rates ◽

Site Specific ◽

Specific Cancer ◽

The Usa ◽

Cancer Incidence Rates

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Trends in Incidence and Mortality of Primary Liver Cancer in Lithuania 1998–2015

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18031191 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (3) ◽

pp. 1191

Author(s):

Audrius Dulskas ◽

Povilas Kavaliauskas ◽

Kestutis Zagminas ◽

Ligita Jancoriene ◽

Giedre Smailyte

Keyword(s):

Liver Cancer ◽

Cancer Incidence ◽

Ductal Carcinoma ◽

Primary Liver Cancer ◽

Age Groups ◽

Developed Countries ◽

Mortality Rates ◽

Incidence Rates ◽

Incidence And Mortality ◽

Cancer Incidence Rates

Background: Recently, reports have suggested that rates of liver cancer have increased during the last decades in developed countries; increasing hepatocellular carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma rates were reported. The aim of this study was to examine time trends in incidence and mortality rates of liver cancer for the period of 1998–2015 in Lithuania by sex, age, and histology. Methods: We examined the incidence of liver cancer from 1998 to 2015 using data from the Lithuanian Cancer Registry. Age-standardized incidence rates were calculated by sex, age, and histology. Trends were analyzed using the Joinpoint Regression Program to estimate the annual percent change. Results: A total of 3086 primary liver cancer cases were diagnosed, and 2923 patients died from liver cancer. The total number of liver cancer cases changed from 132 in 1998 to 239 in 2015. Liver cancer incidence rates changed during the study period from 5.02/100,000 in 1998 to 10.54/100,000 in 2015 in men and from 2.43/100,000 in 1998 to 6.25/100,000 in 2015 in women. Annual percentage changes (APCs) in the age-standardized rates over this period were 4.5% for incidence and 3.6% for mortality. Hepatocellular cancer incidence rates were stable from 1998 to 2005 (APC −5.9, p = 0.1) and later increased by 6.7% per year (p < 0.001). Intrahepatic ductal carcinoma incidence increased by 8.9% per year throughout the study period. The rise in incidence was observed in all age groups; however, in age groups < 50 and between 70 and 79 years, observed changes were not statistically significant. For mortality, the significant point of trend change was detected in 2001, where after stable mortality, rates started to increase by 2.4% per year. Conclusions: Primary liver cancer incidence and mortality increased in both sexes in Lithuania. The rise om incidence was observed in both sexes and main histology groups. The increasing incidence trend may be related to the prevalence of main risk factors (alcohol consumption, hepatitis B and C infections. and diabetes).

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Cancer in Adolescents

Pediatrics in Review ◽

10.1542/pir.1.5.147 ◽

1979 ◽

Vol 1 (5) ◽

pp. 147-152

Author(s):

Jordan W. Finkelstein

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

Cancer Incidence ◽

Health Care Professionals ◽

Survival Rates ◽

Age Groups ◽

Mortality Rates ◽

Incidence Rates ◽

Age Group ◽

Clear Cut ◽

Cancer Incidence Rates

Cancer is the fourth leading cause of death in the adolescent age group, preceded only by accidents, homicide, and suicide. Table 1 lists by age, sex, and race cancer incidence rates (per million) for a three-year period (1969-1971) reported by the National Cancer Institute. Table 2 lists the most commonly involved sites. There are significant differences between the younger and the older age groups. With the advent of improved treatment, survival rates have increased. Table 3 lists the survival rates for the most common forms of cancer and includes all children under 15 years of age. Although survival rates are increasing, the majority of children with cancer still die. Table 4 lists cancer mortality rates for adolescents. The issues involved in diagnosis, treatment, survival, and death present problems for all of those who care for the adolescent with cancer—the patient himself or herself, family and friends, the physician, and other health care professionals. The objectives of this article are: to increase awareness of the types of problems commonly encountered in caring for adolescents with cancer and to describe some of the ways of dealing with these problems. The problems are by no means clear-cut, and the suggested methods of dealing with them must be individualized to meet the needs of all involved.

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Age-specific incidence rates of breast cancer among Japanese women increasing in a conspicuous bimodal distribution pattern

Proceedings of Singapore Healthcare ◽

10.1177/2010105820948899 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 201010582094889

Author(s):

Nanami Tokutake ◽

Riona Ushiyama ◽

Kyoka Matsubayashi ◽

Yuji Aoki

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Distribution Pattern ◽

Postmenopausal Women ◽

Cancer Incidence ◽

Breast Cancer Incidence ◽

Age Groups ◽

Bimodal Distribution ◽

Japanese Women ◽

Incidence Rates ◽

Cancer Incidence Rates

Breast cancer incidence rates are increasing in East and Southeast Asia, along with the westernisation of reproductive and lifestyle patterns. Such westernisation is thought to be involved in the cumulative exposure of breast tissue to both endogenous and exogenous oestrogen. Immigrant studies among Asian American women indicate that risk factors for breast cancer can be modified. When breast cancer incidence rates were compared with those of corpus uteri and colon among Japanese women in 2005, 2010 and 2015, it is of note that age-specific incidence rates of breast cancer in 5-year age groups clearly increased during the 10-year period in a bimodal distribution pattern, with two peaks in the 45–49 and 60–64 years age groups. From the relevant literature, it is inferred that the low prevalence of obesity and the intake of soy products or isoflavones among Japanese women may contribute to the bimodal distribution pattern by suppressing the extent of increase in breast cancer incidence rates among Japanese postmenopausal women. With regard to dietary habits relating to obesity, it has been globally reported that the intake of high-calorie foods is associated with the incidence of oestrogen receptor-positive breast cancer in both pre- and postmenopausal women, while high-carbohydrate or -milk intake that can enhance the secretion of insulin or insulin-like growth factor 1 is associated with that of oestrogen receptor-negative breast cancer mostly in postmenopausal women. Studies are needed to clarify the aetiology or modifiable factors behind the bimodal incidence rates of breast cancer among Japanese women.

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White–Black Differences in Cancer Incidence, Stage at Diagnosis, and Survival Among Older Adults

Journal of Aging and Health ◽

10.1177/0898264317696777 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 30 (6) ◽

pp. 863-881 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Jessica L. Krok-Schoen ◽

James L. Fisher ◽

Ryan D. Baltic ◽

Electra D. Paskett

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Cancer Incidence ◽

Survival Probability ◽

Age Groups ◽

Relative Survival ◽

Incidence Rates ◽

Stage At Diagnosis ◽

Black Adults ◽

Incidence And Mortality ◽

Cancer Incidence Rates

Objective: To identify potential White–Black differences in cancer incidence rates, stage at diagnosis, and relative survival probabilities among older adults using Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) data. Method: Differences in cancer incidence, stage at diagnosis, and 5-year relative survival probability were examined for cases diagnosed within the most recent 5-year period and over time for cases diagnosed from 1973 to 2013 (incidence only) for older White and Black adults. Results: Among adults aged 65 to 74, 75 to 84, and 85 years and older, Black adults had higher cancer incidence rates per 100,000 than White males from 1973 to 2013, respectively. Late stage and unstaged cancers were more common among Black adults in each of the three age groups compared with Whites. Five-year relative survival probability for all invasive cancers combined was higher for Whites than Blacks in each of the three age groups. Discussion: Continued efforts are needed to reduce racial disparities in cancer incidence and mortality among older adults.

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