scholarly journals Faces and fitness: attractive evolutionary relationship or ugly hypothesis?

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 20150839 ◽  
Author(s):  
James M. Smoliga ◽  
Gerald S. Zavorsky
Keyword(s):  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Athletic Performance ◽  
Human Performance ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Evolutionary Relationship ◽  
Facial Attractiveness ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Homogeneous Groups ◽  
Wide Range

In recent years, various studies have attempted to understand human evolution by examining relationships between athletic performance or physical fitness and facial attractiveness. Over a wide range of five homogeneous groups ( n = 327), there is an approximate 3% shared variance between facial attractiveness and athletic performance or physical fitness (95% CI = 0.5–8%, p = 0.002). Further, studies relating human performance and attractiveness often have major methodological limitations that limit their generalizability. Thus, despite statistical significance, the association between facial attractiveness and human performance has questionable biological importance. Here, we present a critique of these studies and provide recommendations to improve the quality of future research in this realm.

Perceptions of Supervisors and Performance: A Thematic Analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 1740-1744
Author(s):  
Victoria L. Claypoole ◽  
Alexis R. Neigel ◽  
James L. Szalma
Keyword(s):  
Human Performance ◽  
Negative Emotion ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Individual Performance ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Peer Monitoring ◽  
Perceived Performance ◽  
Employee Relationships ◽  
And Performance

Observation is a common occurrence within the workplace, and can often manifest as either peer-to-peer monitoring or supervisor-to-peer monitoring. To date, there is a limited body of research that describes changes in performance due to either a positive or negative relationship between supervisors and employees. The present study reports qualitative data on supervisor-to-employee relationships and how the quality of the relationship can alter human performance. The results indicated that relationship with a supervisor was related to perceived performance under direct observation. Women were more likely to report a positive relationship with their supervisor, yet also indicated a negative emotion toward being monitored. These results are important in understanding how supervisor presence influences individual performance when completing job-specific tasks. The implications for future research are discussed.

scholarly journals Fostering Metacognitive Reading Strategies in Thai EFL Classrooms: A Focus on Proficiency

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 75
Author(s):  
Charinwit Seedanont ◽  
Suphawat Pookcharoen
Keyword(s):  
Reading Strategies ◽  
Standardized Test ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Strategy Instruction ◽  
Reading Performance ◽  
Reading Test ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Efl Learners ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Metacognitive Reading Strategies

EFL readers tend to experience a number of challenges while learning, due to a number of factors that affect how these readers achieve their learning goals. Metacognitive strategies, referring to one’s deliberate, goal-directed control over cognitive enterprises, are considered crucial for assisting EFL learners to be able to accomplish comprehension while reading. Previous studies have enriched the knowledge of metacognitive reading strategies in EFL settings. However, only few investigations yielded statistically significant effects on learners’ reading performance. This present study hence foresees an opportunity to shed new light on this issue by focusing on EFL learners’ proficiency. The objectives of this research are twofold: exploring the effects of the metacognitive strategy instruction on the strategy awareness, and perceiving the effects of the instruction on the reading performance in taking a standardized test. Forty-three students enrolling in a private male school in Bangkok, Thailand participated in the study, lasting ten weeks. A wide range of research tools were administered: SORS, IELTS reading test, and lesson plans. The findings suggested that the students’ awareness of reading strategies used in terms of sub-categories and IELTS reading test score improved with statistical significance. Pedagogical implications and suggestions for future research studies are discussed based on the findings.

Locomotor economy

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Don W. Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Athletic Performance ◽  
Functional Mobility ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Physically Challenged

Chapter 21 presents and synthesizes research findings related to various aspects of locomotor economy during the childhood and adolescent years. Because the majority of research has been conducted on walking and running, the material presented in this chapter will focus exclusively on these modes of gait. It concludes by proposing future research directions to guide sport scientists, coaches, and clinicians in their quest to understand the factors responsible for efficient locomotion in children, improve the athletic performance of youngsters, and enhance the functional mobility and quality of life of physically challenged youth.

Comparison of rural versus urban residence for symptoms and quality of life in recurrent ovarian cancer: Baseline analysis of GOG-0259, an NRG Oncology/GOG study.

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e18083-e18083 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah M. Belcher ◽  
Susan M. Sereika ◽  
Zan M. Dodson ◽  
Meghan K. Mattos ◽  
Teresa Hagan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Marital Status ◽  
Recurrent Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Financial Barriers ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact

e18083 Background: Women with recurrent ovarian cancer (OC) experience a wide range of cancer- and treatment-related symptoms that negatively impact quality of life (QOL). Studies have reported healthcare disparities by geographic residence related to distance, time, and financial barriers to accessing high quality care. However, no studies have evaluated the impact of residence on symptoms and QOL in women with OC. Therefore, our objectives were to evaluate whether geographic residence (urban versus rural) is associated with symptoms and QOL in a sample of women with recurrent OC. Methods: The Center for Health Equity Research and Promotion conceptual framework guided analyses of baseline GOG-0259 data. We mapped zip codes to RUCA commuter codes and compared sociodemographic and clinical variables between rural and urban groups using two-sample t and chi-square tests. We used MANCOVA, adjusted for age and marital status, to test for associations between residence and symptoms (Symptom Representation Questionnaire) and QOL (Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Ovarian). Results: Rural (n = 122, 25%) and urban (n = 374, 75%) women were similar in all sociodemographic and clinical comparisons except for marital status (83% vs. 70% married, p = .003). Women reported moderate symptom severity (M = 5.5, SD = 2.3) and QOL scores similar to other OC studies (M = 108.4, SD = 19.5). In multi-variate analyses, age and marital status were both associated with symptoms; marital status was associated with QOL. Geographical residence was not associated with either symptoms or QOL. Conclusions: Counter to previous research, there were no symptom or QOL disparities based on geographic residence in this sample. Possible explanations to be explored in future research include a) cooperative group selection bias for women with good access to care regardless of geographic residence and b) protective effects of marital status on symptoms and QOL.

Physical, Cognitive, Emotional, and Interpersonal Requirements of Different Athletic Activities

1985 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 267-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis A. Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Athletic Performance ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Principal Component Factor Analysis ◽  
Naval Academy ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Athletic Activities ◽  
Component Loadings ◽  
Order Components

Based on the working hypothesis that optimal psychological strategies for athletic performance can be employed only when the nature of the task is understood, an instrument was developed that identified systematically the varying physical, cognitive, emotional, and interpersonal requirements of a wide range of athletic activities, A sample of 753 Naval Academy midshipmen with experience and expertise in different sports rated their sport along a number of dimensions, constituting the items in the instrument. These ratings were submitted to a principal-component factor analysis, and 41' items were retained and organized into eight subscales based on the component loadings. Items and subscales were psychometrically stable and homogeneous. Standardized profiles were then constructed for the rated requirements of 48 sports. An additional principal-component analysis yielded second-order components which led to the combining of sports with similar profiles. The 48 sports were thereby reduced to 18 clusters. Some applications of this approach are offered, as well as ideas for future research.

Caregiving for ageing parents: A literature review on the experience of adult children

2019 ◽  
pp. 096973301988171
Author(s):  
Ina Luichies ◽  
Anne Goossensen ◽  
Hanneke van der Meide
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Adult Children ◽  
Research Process ◽  
Qualitative Studies ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Ageing Parents

Background: More and more adults in their fifties and sixties are confronted with the need to support their ageing parents. Although many aspects of filial caregiving have been researched, a well-documented and comprehensive overview of the caregiving experience is lacking. Aim: This study aims for a better understanding of the caregiving experience of adult children by generating an overview of main themes in international research. Method: A literature review of qualitative studies, focusing on the experiences of adult children caring for their ageing parents, was performed. The electronic EBSCO databases Academic Search Premier, CINAHL and PsycINFO, and Google Scholar were searched to identify relevant qualitative studies published between 2000 and 2017. The ‘SPIDER’ eligibility criteria directed the approach. The quality of studies included was screened with the assessment sheet designed by Hawker and colleagues. The experiences reported were analysed and themes were synthesized. Ethical consideration: Ethical requirements were respected in every phase of the research process. Findings: Nineteen qualitative studies met the inclusion criteria. The quality of the relationship with the parent appears to be an important determinant of the children’s caregiving experience. Within this context, three themes were found: caregiving as an emotional rollercoaster, a normatively demanding experience and an opportunity for personal development. Discussion: Children caring for their ageing parents have to deal with a wide range of contradicting and conflicting norms and values. Implications for healthcare professionals and future research have been discussed. Conclusion: Caring for ageing parents is a continuous quest for giving the best possible care and living up to one’s personal values, within the context of the parent’s declining health. Professionals who support filial caregivers should address not only practical responsibilities but also the normative questions and moral considerations caregivers are dealing with.

Deep Learning in IoT

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-54
Author(s):  
Devika G. ◽  
Asha Gowda Karegowda
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Big Data Analytics ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Great Success ◽  
Sensory Data ◽  
Digital Era ◽  
New Information ◽  
Wide Range

The internet of things (IoT), big data analytics, and deep learning (DL) applications in the mechanical internet are expanding. The current digital era has various sensory devices for a wide range of fields and applications, which all generate various sensory data. DL is being applied for handling big data and has achieved great success in the IoT and other fields. The applications for data streams to discover new information, predict future insights, and make control decisions are crucial processes that make the IoT a worthy paradigm for businesses and a quality-of-life improving technology. This chapter provides a detailed account of the IoT domain, machine learning, and DL techniques and applications. The IoT that consists of DL with intelligence backgrounds is also discussed. Recent research on DL in the IoT within the big data domain is also discussed. Current challenges and potential areas for future research are discussed.

Knowledge, Default, and Skepticism

2021 ◽  
pp. 123-143
Author(s):  
Ernest Sosa
Keyword(s):  
Athletic Performance ◽  
Virtue Epistemology ◽  
Human Performance ◽  
Special Cases ◽  
Performance Domains

Chapter 7 introduces a distinctive idea of default assumptions and explains how that idea reconfigures earlier virtue epistemology. Default assumptions are endemic to human performance domains generally including games and sports. Our domains of judgment are only special cases in which a telic normativity allows performers to assume by default the standing of the background conditions required for success and aptness of performance. This enables a fresh treatment of philosophical skepticism. The response to the skeptics will be that they have mistaken what is required for the epistemic quality of ordinary judgments and beliefs. This treatment of skepticism is enabled by analogies between epistemic and athletic performance, and between episteme and praxis more generally.

scholarly journals Effects of equipments and processing conditions on quality of fresh-cut produce

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 139-150
Author(s):  
Francisca Aba Ansah ◽  
Maria Luisa Amodio ◽  
Maria Lucia Valeria De Chiara ◽  
Giancarlo Colelli
Keyword(s):  
Global Market ◽  
Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Processing Conditions ◽  
Minimal Processing ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Fresh Cut ◽  
Precautionary Measures ◽  
Processed Products

A wide range of fresh conveniently packaged, minimally processed products are available on both local and global market in response to consumer demand for ready to eat food. Majority of these products are leafy vegetables, which are highly susceptible to quality changes during minimal processing operations (trimming, cutting, washing, drying, and packaging). Despite the available precautionary measures for maintaining quality attributes of raw and processed material, quality degradation due to minimally processing is unavoidable, also considering that a peeling, trimming and/or cutting operation is always present except than for baby leaves and small fruits. In addition, other operations as washing and drying are known to cause mechanical stresses and loss of sugars and nutrients. However, the extent to which quality is compromised depends on the produce and on the processing conditions, including equipment and their operational settings. This review aims to describe the main processing operations and equipment used, resuming the available information on their impact on final quality of fresh-cut products over storage, in order to identify areas for future research aiming to the enhancement of product quality

scholarly journals Management of Malnutrition in Older Patients—Current Approaches, Evidence and Open Questions

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 974 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorothee Volkert ◽  
Anne Marie Beck ◽  
Tommy Cederholm ◽  
Emanuele Cereda ◽  
Alfonso Cruz-Jentoft ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Older Patients ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Geriatric Syndrome ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
Conflicting Evidence ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Patient Groups ◽  
Enteral And Parenteral Nutrition

Malnutrition is widespread in older people and represents a major geriatric syndrome with multifactorial etiology and severe consequences for health outcomes and quality of life. The aim of the present paper is to describe current approaches and evidence regarding malnutrition treatment and to highlight relevant knowledge gaps that need to be addressed. Recently published guidelines of the European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism (ESPEN) provide a summary of the available evidence and highlight the wide range of different measures that can be taken—from the identification and elimination of potential causes to enteral and parenteral nutrition—depending on the patient’s abilities and needs. However, more than half of the recommendations therein are based on expert consensus because of a lack of evidence, and only three are concern patient-centred outcomes. Future research should further clarify the etiology of malnutrition and identify the most relevant causes in order to prevent malnutrition. Based on limited and partly conflicting evidence and the limitations of existing studies, it remains unclear which interventions are most effective in which patient groups, and if specific situations, diseases or etiologies of malnutrition require specific approaches. Patient-relevant outcomes such as functionality and quality of life need more attention, and research methodology should be harmonised to allow for the comparability of studies.

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