scholarly journals Facultative oviparity in a viviparous skink ( Saiphos equalis )

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 20180827 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melanie K. Laird ◽  
Michael B. Thompson ◽  
Camilla M. Whittington
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Strategy ◽  
Selective Advantage ◽  
First Report ◽  
Viviparous Female ◽  
Parity Mode

Facultative changes in parity mode (oviparity to viviparity and vice versa) are rare in vertebrates, yet offer fascinating opportunities to investigate the role of reproductive lability in parity mode evolution. Here, we report apparent facultative oviparity by a viviparous female of the bimodally reproductive skink Saiphos equalis —the first report of different parity modes within a vertebrate clutch. Eggs oviposited facultatively possess shell characteristics of both viviparous and oviparous S. equalis , demonstrating that egg coverings for viviparous embryos are produced by the same machinery as those for oviparous individuals. Since selection may act in either direction when viviparity has evolved recently, squamate reproductive lability may confer a selective advantage. We suggest that facultative oviparity is a viable reproductive strategy for S. equalis and that squamate reproductive lability is more evolutionarily significant than previously acknowledged.

Peranan Ombudsman Republik Indonesia Perwakilan Sumatera Utara Dalam Pengawasan Pelayanan Dinas Kependudukan dan Catatan Sipil Kota Medan

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Putri Ananda Sari ◽  
Abdul Kadir ◽  
Beby Mashito Batu Bara
Keyword(s):  
Service Provider ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
First Report ◽  
The North ◽  
Supervision Process ◽  
The Republic ◽  
North Sumatra

This study aims to determine the role of the Ombudsman of the Republic of Indonesia in North Sumatra Representative in the Supervision of Population and Civil Registry Service in Medan City. This study uses a qualitative approach with descriptive methods describing information about the data obtained from the field in the form of written and oral data from the parties studied. Data is collected based on interviews and documentation. The results of this study indicate that the role of the Ombudsman of the Republic of Indonesia in North Sumatra was carried out in the form of external supervision. External supervision is supervision carried out by the Ombudsman of the Republic of Indonesia Representative of North Sumatra to the Medan Population and Civil Registry Service. Actions taken in the supervision process are incoming reports, follow-up of the first report and follow-up of the report. Based on the research that has been carried out, it has been concluded that the role of the Ombudsman of the Republic of Indonesia in the North Sumatra Representative in supervising the service provider of the Population and Civil Registry services is carried out in the form of external supervision. In supervising the handling of public reports of alleged poor service in the area of population administration, it has been effective, with several efforts to handle reports such as: (1) Clarification; (2) Investigation; (3) Recommendations; (4) Monitoring.

Association of hereditary thrombocythemia and distal limb defects with a thrombopoietin gene mutation

Blood ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 114 (8) ◽  
pp. 1655-1657 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudio Graziano ◽  
Simona Carone ◽  
Emanuele Panza ◽  
Flora Marino ◽  
Pamela Magini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Development ◽  
Gene Mutation ◽  
Autosomal Dominant ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Autosomal Dominant Disorder ◽  
Distal Limb ◽  
Limb Defects ◽  
First Report

Abstract Hereditary thrombocythemia is a rare autosomal dominant disorder caused by mutations in either the thrombopoietin gene (TPO) or its receptor c-MPL. TPO mutations described so far lead to thrombopoietin overproduction through increased translation of m-RNA. Unilateral transverse reduction limb defects are usually sporadic and generally thought to be caused by vascular disruptions. Reports of inherited unilateral limb defects are extremely rare. In the present study, we describe a family with segregation of G185T TPO mutation in the 5′ UTR region in 4 subjects with thrombocythemia. Three of these patients also present congenital transverse limb defects. Association of these events gives a strong hint of the in vivo involvement of thrombopoietin in vasculogenesis, confirming the role of TPO in human development of the hemangioblast, the embryonic progenitor of the hematopoietic and endothelial lineages. This is the first report showing that vascular disruptions could be secondary to specific gene derangements.

scholarly journals Immunogenetic novelty confers a selective advantage in host–pathogen coevolution

2018 ◽  
Vol 115 (7) ◽  
pp. 1552-1557 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl P. Phillips ◽  
Joanne Cable ◽  
Ryan S. Mohammed ◽  
Magdalena Herdegen-Radwan ◽  
Jarosław Raubic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Poecilia Reticulata ◽  
Adaptive Immune Response ◽  
Infection Intensity ◽  
Gene Families ◽  
Selective Advantage ◽  
Histocompatibility Complex ◽  
Host Pathogen ◽  
Polymorphic Gene ◽  
Or Gene

The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is crucial to the adaptive immune response of vertebrates and is among the most polymorphic gene families known. Its high diversity is usually attributed to selection imposed by fast-evolving pathogens. Pathogens are thought to evolve to escape recognition by common immune alleles, and, hence, novel MHC alleles, introduced through mutation, recombination, or gene flow, are predicted to give hosts superior resistance. Although this theoretical prediction underpins host–pathogen “Red Queen” coevolution, it has not been demonstrated in the context of natural MHC diversity. Here, we experimentally tested whether novel MHC variants (both alleles and functional “supertypes”) increased resistance of guppies (Poecilia reticulata) to a common ectoparasite (Gyrodactylus turnbulli). We used exposure-controlled infection trials with wild-sourced parasites, and Gyrodactylus-naïve host fish that were F2 descendants of crossed wild populations. Hosts carrying MHC variants (alleles or supertypes) that were new to a given parasite population experienced a 35–37% reduction in infection intensity, but the number of MHC variants carried by an individual, analogous to heterozygosity in single-locus systems, was not a significant predictor. Our results provide direct evidence of novel MHC variant advantage, confirming a fundamental mechanism underpinning the exceptional polymorphism of this gene family and highlighting the role of immunogenetic novelty in host–pathogen coevolution.

First records of Net-winged Midges (Diptera: Blephariceridae) from Papua New Guinea, with description of a new species

1989 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 361 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Zwick ◽  
KG Hortle
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
New Genus ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
First Report ◽  
The Family ◽  
Fly River ◽  
A New Species

Curupirina papuana sp. n. and an unnamed species of a probably new genus of Apistomyiini (Diptera : Blephariceridae) are described from the Ok Tedi, a tributary of the Fly River, Papua New Guinea. This is the first report of the family from the island; its zoogeographical significance is discussed with reference to the long-presumed role of the island in the evolution and dispersal of the tribe Apistomyiini.

scholarly journals Unusual Steroid Constituents from the Tropical Starfish Leiaster sp

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1601100
Author(s):  
Timofey V. Malyarenko ◽  
Alla A. Kicha ◽  
Natalia V. Ivanchina ◽  
Anatoly I. Kalinovsky ◽  
Pavel S. Dmitrenok ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bile Acid ◽  
Sodium Salt ◽  
Parallel Evolution ◽  
Steroid Glycoside ◽  
First Report ◽  
Acid Sodium Salt ◽  
Steroid Glycosides ◽  
First Time ◽  
Primary Bile Acid

Two polar steroid compounds, taurochenodeoxycholic acid sodium salt (1) and a rare cyclic steroid glycoside luzonicoside A (2), were isolated from the tropical starfish Leiaster sp. and identified by extensive NMR and ESIMS techniques. The isolation of primary bile acid 1 is the first report from a representative of the class Asteroidea and on the whole in invertebrates. Its presence confirms the hypothesis about the digestive role of some polar steroids in starfish and possibly demonstrates the parallel evolution of fat emulsifying agents in vertebrates and some starfish. Compound 2 was also obtained from starfish belonging to this genus for the first time. This finding indicates that cyclic steroid glycosides are more widely distributed in starfish than the two species of the genus Echinaster from which they were isolated earlier.

scholarly journals First Report of Canine Infection by Leishmania (Viannia) guyanensis in the Brazilian Amazon

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (22) ◽  
pp. 8488
Author(s):  
Francisco J. A. Santos ◽  
Luciana C. S. Nascimento ◽  
Wellington B. Silva ◽  
Luciana P. Oliveira ◽  
Walter S. Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leishmania Infantum ◽  
Blood Collection ◽  
Wild Mammals ◽  
First Report ◽  
Transmission Cycle ◽  
First Choice ◽  
Human Leishmaniasis ◽  
Leishmania Spp ◽  
Canine Infection

The American cutaneous (CL) and visceral leishmaniasis (VL) are zooanthroponoses transmitted by sand flies. Brazil records thousands of human leishmaniasis cases annually. Dogs are reservoirs of Leishmania infantum, which causes VL, but their role in the transmission cycle of CL is debatable. Wild mammals are considered reservoirs of the aetiological agents of CL (Leishmania spp.). Objective: To describe the aetiology of leishmaniasis in dogs in an endemic area for CL and VL in the Amazon, Brazil. Methods: Clinical evaluation and blood collection of 40 dogs from the villages Ubim (20) and Socorro (20), city of Tomé-Açu, state of Pará, were carried out. The DNA extracted from the blood was used for PCR with Leishmania-specific primers targeting the hsp70-234 gene sequence. Products were sequenced (ABI3500XL), and the sequences were aligned, edited (BioEdit), and analyzed (Blastn). Results: Of the 34 amplified samples, 21 were sequenced, namely Leishmania infantum (12), L. guyanensis (5), L. braziliensis (3), and Leishmania sp. (01). Conclusion: Given the diversity of circulating pathogens, elucidation of the role of the dog in the Leishmania spp. cycle in Amazonian villages is imperative to the surveillance of CL in the region. We present the first report in Brazil, confirmed by sequencing, of canine infection by L. guyanensis, a species highly resistant to treatment in humans, with the drug of first choice (Glucantime®).

Impact of Heavy Metals on Benthic Oligochaete Communities in the River Ill and Its Tributaries

1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 241-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Rosso ◽  
M. Lafont ◽  
A. Exinger
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Reproductive Strategy ◽  
Organic Micropollutants ◽  
Rhine Basin ◽  
Metal Contents ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

The aim of this research is to describe the impact of heavy metals contaminating sediments on oligochaete communities. Sediments were collected three times (June, August, October 1991) for chemical and biological analyses in 15 sites situated in the river I11 and its tributaries (Rhine Basin, France). The sediments are characterized by high contents of heavy metals, mainly Hg, Cu, Cr, Pb, Zn from below the city of Mulhouse. The majority of sediments are heavily loaded with organic matter and organic micropollutants are also present. Oligochaete communities are rich in species. However five species only, considered as pollution-tolerant or opportunist, are significantly present and abundant. The percentages of Tubificidae without hair setae are positively related to heavy metal contents of the sediments, and the percentages of Tubificidae with hair setae are negatively related. Several species such as N. communis, N. barbata, D. digitata and Bothrioneurum sp. are considered as tolerant to heavy metals; on the contrary L. claparedeanus, L. udekemianus, Stylodrilus sp. and S. josinae are considered as intolerant. The reproductive strategy of oligochaetes in contaminated areas and the role of organic matter are discussed. Several recommendations are given for the rehabilitation of the investigated sites.

scholarly journals Trade-off between offspring mass and number: the lightest offspring bear the costs

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 20190707
Author(s):  
Joanie Van de Walle ◽  
Andreas Zedrosser ◽  
Jon E. Swenson ◽  
Fanie Pelletier
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Phenotypic Variation ◽  
Reproductive Strategy ◽  
Life History Theory ◽  
Brown Bear ◽  
Offspring Size ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
The Relationship

Life-history theory predicts a trade-off between offspring size and number. However, the role of intra-litter phenotypic variation in shaping this trade-off is often disregarded. We compared the strength of the relationship between litter size and mass from the perspective of the lightest and the heaviest yearling offspring in 110 brown bear litters in Sweden. We showed that the mass of the lightest yearlings decreased with increasing litter size, but that the mass of the heaviest yearling remained stable, regardless of litter size. Consistent with a conservative reproductive strategy, our results suggest that mothers maintained a stable investment in a fraction of the litter, while transferring the costs of larger litter size to the remaining offspring. Ignoring intra-litter phenotypic variation may obscure our ability to detect a trade-off between offspring size and number.

scholarly journals TheCCR5Δ32Polymorphism in Brazilian Patients with Sickle Cell Disease

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana Pezzute Lopes ◽  
Magnun Nueldo Nunes Santos ◽  
Eliel Wagner Faber ◽  
Marcos André Cavalcanti Bezerra ◽  
Betânia Lucena Domingues Hatzlhofer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sickle Cell Disease ◽  
Sickle Cell ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Selective Advantage ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cell Disease ◽  
Specific Pcr

Background. Previous studies on the role of inflammation in the pathophysiology of sickle cell disease (SCD) suggested that theCCR5Δ32allele, which is responsible for the production of truncated C-C chemokine receptor type 5 (CCR5), could confer a selective advantage on patients with SCD because it leads to a less efficient Th1 response. We determined the frequency of theCCR5Δ32polymorphism in 795 Afro-Brazilian SCD patients followed up at the Pernambuco Hematology and Hemotherapy Center, in Northeastern Brazil, divided into a pediatric group (3 months–17 years,n=483) and an adult group (18–70 years,n=312). The adult patients were also compared to a healthy control group (blood donors, 18–61 years,n=247).Methods. TheCCR5/CCR5Δ32polymorphism was determined by allele-specific PCR.Results. No homozygous patient for theCCR5Δ32allele was detected. The frequency of heterozygotes in the study population (patients and controls) was 5.8%, in the total SCD patients 5.1%, in the children 5.4%, in the adults with SCD 4.8%, and in the adult controls 8.1%. These differences did not reach statistical significance.Conclusions. Our findings failed to demonstrate an important role of theCCR5Δ32allele in the population sample studied here.

scholarly journals Two functional types of attachment pads on a single foot in the Namibia bush cricket Acanthoproctus diadematus (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae)

2015 ◽  
Vol 282 (1809) ◽  
pp. 20142976 ◽  
Author(s):  
Constanze Grohmann ◽  
Miriam Judith Henze ◽  
Thomas Nørgaard ◽  
Stanislav N. Gorb
Keyword(s):  
Vertical Plate ◽  
Glass Plate ◽  
Shear Forces ◽  
Ground Pattern ◽  
First Report ◽  
Functional Types ◽  
Attachment Structures ◽  
Unusual Combination ◽  
Bush Cricket

Insects have developed different structures to adhere to surfaces. Most common are smooth and hairy attachment pads, while nubby pads have also been described for representatives of Mantophasmatodea, Phasmida and Plecoptera. Here we report on the unusual combination of nubby and smooth tarsal attachment structures in the !nara cricket Acanthoproctus diadematus . Their three proximal tarsal pads (euplantulae) have a nubby surface, whereas the most distal euplantula is rather smooth with a hexagonal ground pattern resembling that described for the great green bush-cricket Tettigonia viridissima . This is, to our knowledge, the first report on nubby euplantulae in Orthoptera and the co-occurrence of nubby and smooth euplantulae on a single tarsus in a polyneopteran species. When adhering upside down to a horizontal glass plate, A. diadematus attaches its nubby euplantulae less often, compared to situations in which the animal is hanging upright or head down on a vertical plate. We discuss possible reasons for this kind of clinging behaviour, such as morphological constrains, the different role of normal and shear forces in attachment enhancement of the nubby and smooth pads, ease of the detachment process, and adaptations to walking on cylindrical substrates.

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