scholarly journals The influence of leg-to-body ratio, arm-to-body ratio and intra-limb ratio on male human attractiveness

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 171790 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas M. M. Versluys ◽  
Robert A. Foley ◽  
William J. Skylark
Keyword(s):  
Mate Choice ◽  
Important Determinant ◽  
Weak Effect ◽  
Male Attractiveness ◽  
Weak Preference ◽  
Heterosexual Women ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Standard Deviations ◽  
Key Aspects ◽  
Limb Proportions

Human mate choice is influenced by limb proportions. Previous work has focused on leg-to-body ratio (LBR) as a determinant of male attractiveness and found a preference for limbs that are close to, or slightly above, the average. We investigated the influence of two other key aspects of limb morphology: arm-to-body ratio (ABR) and intra-limb ratio (IR). In three studies of heterosexual women from the USA, we tested the attractiveness of male physiques that varied in LBR, ABR and IR, using figures that ranged from −3 to +3 standard deviations from the population mean. We replicated previous work by finding that the optimally attractive LBR is approximately 0.5 standard deviations above the baseline. We also found a weak effect of IR, with evidence of a weak preference for the baseline proportions. In contrast, there was no effect of ABR on attractiveness, and no interactions between the effects of LBR, ABR and IR. Our results indicate that ABR is not an important determinant of human mate choice for this population, and that IR may exert some influence but that this is much smaller than the effects of LBR. We discuss possible reasons for these results, including the limited variability in upper limb proportions and the potentially weak fitness-signal provided by this aspect of morphology.

scholarly journals The effect of leg-to-body ratio on male attractiveness depends on the ecological validity of the figures

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (10) ◽  
pp. 170399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas M. M. Versluys ◽  
William J. Skylark
Keyword(s):  
Ecological Validity ◽  
Anthropometric Data ◽  
Line Drawings ◽  
Male Attractiveness ◽  
Heterosexual Women ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Detailed Computer ◽  
Image Format ◽  
Evolutionary Fitness ◽  
Limb Proportions

Leg-to-body ratio (LBR) predicts evolutionary fitness, and is therefore expected to influence bodily attractiveness. Previous investigations of LBR attractiveness have used a wide variety of stimuli, including line drawings, silhouettes, and computer-generated images based on anthropometric data. In two studies, community samples of heterosexual women from the USA rated the attractiveness of male figures presented as silhouettes and as detailed computer-generated images with three different skin tones (white, black, and an artificial grey). The effects of LBR depended on the image format. In particular, a curve-fitting analysis indicated that the optimally-attractive LBR for silhouettes was fractionally below the baseline, whereas the optima for more detailed computer-generated images was approximately 0.5 s.d. above the baseline and was similar for all three skin-tones. In addition, the participants' sensitivity to changes in the LBR was lowest for the silhouettes and highest for the grey figures. Our results add to evidence that the most attractive LBR is close to, but slightly above, the population mean, and caution that the effects of limb proportions on attractiveness depend on the ecological validity of the figures.

scholarly journals Female brain size affects the assessment of male attractiveness during mate choice

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. e1601990 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Corral-López ◽  
Natasha I. Bloch ◽  
Alexander Kotrschal ◽  
Wouter van der Bijl ◽  
Severine D. Buechel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mate Choice ◽  
Brain Size ◽  
Male Attractiveness ◽  
Female Brain

Strategie Management in Eleven National Libraries: A Report on a Research Study

1997 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Chalmers
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Strategic Management ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Information Environment ◽  
Digital Information ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Key Aspects ◽  
National Libraries

In 1996 the national libraries of Australia, Canada, France, Germany, Ireland, Malaysia, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Singapore, the UK and the USA took part in a study of their experiences with strategic management. A literature review had identified 15 key aspects of strategic management. Respondents were asked their views of the importance of each aspect, and how satisfied they were with the library's achievement of it. In every case the importance attached to the aspect was greater than the library's satisfaction with achievement. Each library was also asked to nominate from a checklist the reason or reasons why it had produced its first strategic document. The centrality of the digital information environment to the core functions of national libraries has been highlighted by the study.

Determinants of return-on-equity in USA, German and Japanese manufacturing firms

2019 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 445-451 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie M. Weidman ◽  
Daniel J. McFarland ◽  
Gulser Meric ◽  
Ilhan Meric
Keyword(s):  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Financial Analysis ◽  
Important Determinant ◽  
Multivariate Regression Analysis ◽  
Manufacturing Firms ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Return On Equity ◽  
The Usa

Purpose DuPont financial analysis is generally used in micro-economic studies to compare an individual firm’s financial performance with industry averages. The purpose of this paper is to undertake a macro-economic cross-sectional analysis of the determinants of return-on-equity (ROE) in USA, German and Japanese manufacturing firms. Design/methodology/approach The authors use cross-sectional log-linear multivariate regression analysis to determine the elasticity of ROE to changes in net profit margin (NPM), total assets turnover (TAT) and equity multiplier (EQM) in USA, German and Japanese manufacturing firms. The authors obtain the data for the analysis from the COMPUSTAT Research Insight/Global Vintage database. Findings With data for all manufacturing firms, the authors find that the most important determinant of ROE is NPM in all three countries. The least important determinant of ROE is TAT in the USA and Germany, and EQM in Japan. Electronics is the most important manufacturing industry in all three countries, the authors also apply the analysis to data for the electronics manufacturing firms in the three countries. The authors find that an increase of 10 percent in NPM increases ROE by about 9.8 percent in Germany, by about 8.3 percent in the USA, and by about 6.9 percent in Japan. An increase of 10 percent in TAT increases ROE by about 2.2 percent in Germany and by about 1.5 percent in Japan. An increase of 10 percent in EQM increases ROE by about 1.9 percent in Germany and by about 1.5 percent in the USA. Practical implications The empirical findings of this study can provide useful insights for financial managers regarding the determinants of ROE they should focus on to achieve the greatest impact on ROE. Originality/value DuPont analysis is generally used as a micro-economic tool at the firm level. This study is a macro-economic application of the tool to study the cross-sectional determinants of ROE at the industry level.

Infection and premature rupture of the membranes

1990 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Kyung Seo ◽  
James A McGregor ◽  
Janice I French
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Important Determinant ◽  
Premature Rupture ◽  
Neonatal Deaths ◽  
Financial Costs ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Gestational Age At Birth ◽  
Age At Birth

Premature rupture of the membranes (PROM) and preterm birthPreterm birth remains a paramount problem in health care worldwide. In the USA, approximately 6–10% of births occur preterm.1–3Gestational age at birth is the most important determinant of an infant's morbidity and mortality. Preterm infants account for approximately 75% of neonatal deaths,3–5as well as incalculable direct and indirect financial costs and morbidity.6–9

scholarly journals Genetic association between male attractiveness and female differential allocation

2006 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 341-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan L Head ◽  
John Hunt ◽  
Robert Brooks
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Selection ◽  
Mate Choice ◽  
Genetic Association ◽  
Reproductive Effort ◽  
Female Preference ◽  
Acheta Domesticus ◽  
Female Size ◽  
Differential Allocation ◽  
Male Attractiveness ◽  
Analogous Manner

Differential allocation of reproductive effort towards offspring of attractive mates is a form of post-copulatory mate choice. Although differential allocation has been demonstrated in many taxa, its evolutionary implications have received little attention. Theory predicts that mate choice will lead to a positive genetic correlation between female preference and male attractiveness. This prediction has been upheld for pre-copulatory mate choice, but whether such a relationship between male attractiveness and female differential allocation exists has never been tested. Here, we show that both female pre-copulatory mate choice and post-copulatory differential allocation are genetically associated with male attractiveness in house crickets, Acheta domesticus . Daughters of attractive males mated sooner and laid more eggs when paired with larger males. These forms of mate choice are strongest in large females, suggesting that costs decrease with increasing female size. The genetic association between attractiveness and differential allocation suggests potential for differential allocation to become exaggerated by coevolutionary runaway processes in an analogous manner to pre-copulatory choice. Sexual selection is thus likely to be stronger than predicted by pre-copulatory choice alone.

scholarly journals The performance of national COVID-19 ‘Symptom Checkers’: A comparative case simulation study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
F Mansab ◽  
S Bhatti ◽  
D Goyal
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Study ◽  
Clinical Assessment ◽  
Bacterial Pneumonia ◽  
National Level ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
List Type ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Key Aspects

ABSTRACTIntroductionThe response to COVID-19 differs from nation to nation. There are likely a number of factors one can attribute to such disparity, not least of which is differing healthcare models and approaches. Here, we examine the COVID-19 community triage pathways employed by four nations, specifically comparing the safety and efficacy of national online ‘symptom checkers’ utilised within the triage pathway.MethodsA simulation study was conducted on current, nationwide, patient-led symptom checkers from four countries (Singapore, Japan, USA and UK). 52 cases were simulated to approximate typical COVID-19 presentations (mild, moderate, severe and critical), and COVID-19 mimickers (e.g. sepsis and bacterial pneumonia). The same simulations were applied to each of the four country’s symptom checkers, and the recommendations to refer on for medical care or to stay home were recorded and compared.ResultsThe symptom checkers from Singapore and Japan advised onward healthcare contact for the majority of simulations (88% and 77% respectively). The USA and UK symptom checkers triaged 38% and 44% of cases to healthcare contact, respectively. Both the US and UK symptom checkers consistently failed to identify severe COVID-19, bacterial pneumonia and sepsis, triaging such cases to stay home.ConclusionOur results suggest that whilst ‘symptom checkers’ may be of use to the healthcare COVID-19 response, there is the potential for such patient-led assessment tools to worsen outcomes by delaying appropriate clinical assessment. The key features of the well performing symptom checkers are discussed.SUMMARYWhat is already known?The availability and use of symptom checkers are increasing.Symptom checkers are currently in use at a national level to help in the healthcare response to COVID-19.There is limited evidence to support the effectiveness or safety of symptom checkers as triage tools during a pandemic response.What does this paper add?This study compares performance of symptom checkers across different countries, revealing marked variation between national symptom checkers.The symptom checkers employed by Japan and Singapore are twice as likely to triage cases onward for clinical assessment than those of the US or UK.The US and UK symptom checkers frequently triaged simulated cases of sepsis, bacterial pneumonia and severe COVID-19 to stay home with no further healthcare contact.We discuss the key aspects of the well-performing triage systems.

scholarly journals Wielokulturowość w nazwach — multikulturalizm w onomastyce. Nowe perspektywy: Recenzja książki „Names and Naming. Multicultural Aspects” (Red. Oliviu felecan, Alina Bugheşiu)

Onomastica ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 317-326
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Skowronek
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Interdisciplinary Research ◽  
Important Determinant ◽  
Proper Names ◽  
Cultural Hybridity ◽  
Social Sciences And Humanities ◽  
The Third ◽  
The World ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Theoretical Reflection

The text deals with the problem of multiculturalism as a concept which functions in social sciences and humanities; it also functions in onomastic research and in the theory of onomastics. The author in her reflection refers to the recently published monograph “Names and Naming. Multicultural Aspects” edited by O. Felecan and A. Bugheşiu (Palgrave Macmillan 2021, pp. 490). In the first part of the article, the author briefly explains the most important concepts related to this issue, including: globalization, glocalization, transethnicity, cultural hybridity. She draws attention to the changes in their understanding in contemporary humanities and social sciences. She presents the most important assumptions of the monograph and the possibilities of including the important concept of multiculturalism into onomastic research carried out all over the world. In the described studies, proper names become an important determinant of individual and group/ethnic identity. The second part of the article presents detailed concepts and research approaches presented in the volume, concerning e.g. proper names in the USA, Russia, Kenya, Zimbabwe and Nigeria. The third part discusses the texts of Polish authors, with particular emphasis on Professor Barbara Czopek- ‑Kopciuch’s (1952‒2020) “Multiculturalism in Polish Toponymy”, which is her last onomastic text. In conclusion, the author pays attention to the application of the notion of multiculturalism in empirical research and in theoretical reflection in onomastics. She stresses the necessity of interdisciplinary research in this field.

scholarly journals Creating transnational, intercultural arts’ interactions: African diasporic dialogues

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 36-51
Author(s):  
Alix Pierre
Keyword(s):  
Social Justice ◽  
Cultural Exchange ◽  
Cultural Arts ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Freirean Pedagogy ◽  
Key Aspects ◽  
Arts Community

Painted with broad as well as, highly nuanced brush strokes, this is a comprehensive essay. Initially, it traces and later weaves within the larger discussion, the influences of Marcus Garvey’s philosophy and his lasting contributions to Africans in the diaspora. As importantly, the essay highlights the exceptional works of two Jamaican-born artists who reside in the USA. Thirdly, the essay explores some of the Miami-based Diaspora Vibe Cultural Arts Incubator’s, (DVCAI’s) intercultural exchanges, in which artists challenge dominant Western perspectives. Fourthly, the essay summarizes key aspects of DVCAI’s international cultural exchange in Jamaica. The recent, transcultural arts’ exchanges exemplify, reciprocal dialogues between the DVCAI’s representatives and the Jamaican arts community, specifically, with artists who adopt a Freirean pedagogy and focus on significant social justice issues in a postcolonial country.

scholarly journals Energy Transitions Towards Low Carbon Resilience: Evaluation of Disaster-Triggered Local and Regional Cases

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (23) ◽  
pp. 6801 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yekang Ko ◽  
Brendan F. D. Barrett ◽  
Andrea E. Copping ◽  
Ayyoob Sharifi ◽  
Masaru Yarime ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
National Level ◽  
Energy Systems ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Small Community ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Positive Perspective ◽  
Emission Growth ◽  
Oriented Energy ◽  
Key Aspects

Following numerous global scientific studies and major international agreements, the decarbonization of energy systems is an apparent and pressing concern. The consequence of continued emission growth tied to rising global average temperatures is difficult to predict, but against a background of other natural and human-induced disasters, may create a situation, from a positive perspective, where each disaster event triggers “build back better” responses designed to speed the transition toward low carbon, resilience-oriented energy systems. This article examines the potential for disaster-triggered responses in communities, at various local and regional levels, in four industrial economies in the Asia Pacific region: Japan, China, Australia, and the USA. Seven case studies were evaluated against a set of criteria that exemplify the key aspects of resilient energy systems. The research results suggest that a new space of innovation does emerge in post-disaster situations at a range of local and regional scales. The greatest potential benefit and opportunity for significant gains, however, appears to manifest at the small community level, and the ultimate challenge relates to how to mainstream local innovations into state and national level transformation on energy systems so as to enhance resilience and promote rapid decarbonization.

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