scholarly journals Should I stay or should I go? Individual movement decisions during group departures in red-fronted lemurs

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 180991 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Lucia Sperber ◽  
Peter M. Kappeler ◽  
Claudia Fichtel
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Data ◽  
Contextual Factors ◽  
Movement Pattern ◽  
Eulemur Rufifrons ◽  
Individual Traits ◽  
Collective Movements ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Individual Distance ◽  
Group Movements ◽  
Joining Process

Collective movements are essential for maintaining group cohesion. However, group members can have different optimal departure times, depending on individual, social and contextual factors whose relative importance remains poorly known. We, therefore, studied collective departures in four groups of red-fronted lemurs ( Eulemur rufifrons ) in Kirindy Forest, Madagascar, to investigate the influence of an individual's age, sex, their affiliative relationships and their proximity to other group members at the time of departure on their individual departure decision. We recorded behavioural and spatial data on individual departures during 167 group movements and conducted group scans (181–279 per group) to assess affiliative relationships. All factors influenced individual departures. Both affiliation and proximity determined a mimetic joining process in which dyads with stronger affiliative bonds departed in closer succession, and individuals followed the initiator and predecessors more quickly when they were in closer proximity at departure. While the influence of affiliation is common, the effect of inter-individual distance has rarely been considered in groups with heterogeneous social relationships. Although local rules influenced joining, the overall movement pattern was mainly determined by individual traits: juveniles took protected central positions, while females made up the van and males brought up the rear. Individual needs, expressed in the departure order, to an extent overruled the effect of affiliation. These results highlight the importance of considering individual, social and contextual factors collectively in the study of collective movements.

scholarly journals Exploring Group Movement Pattern through Cellular Data: A Case Study of Tourists in Hainan

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinning Zhu ◽  
Tianyue Sun ◽  
Hao Yuan ◽  
Zheng Hu ◽  
Jiansong Miao
Keyword(s):  
Pattern Mining ◽  
Historical Data ◽  
Movement Pattern ◽  
Phone Call ◽  
Specific Group ◽  
Group Movement ◽  
Trajectory Similarity ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Call Detail Records

Identifying group movement patterns of crowds and understanding group behaviors is valuable for urban planners, especially when the groups are special such as tourist groups. In this paper, we present a framework to discover tourist groups and investigate the tourist behaviors using mobile phone call detail records (CDRs). Unlike GPS data, CDRs are relatively poor in spatial resolution with low sampling rates, which makes it a big challenge to identify group members from thousands of tourists. Moreover, since touristic trips are not on a regular basis, no historical data of the specific group can be used to reduce the uncertainty of trajectories. To address such challenges, we propose a method called group movement pattern mining based on similarity (GMPMS) to discover tourist groups. To avoid large amounts of trajectory similarity measurements, snapshots of the trajectories are firstly generated to extract candidate groups containing co-occurring tourists. Then, considering that different groups may follow the same itineraries, additional traveling behavioral features are defined to identify the group members. Finally, with Hainan province as an example, we provide a number of interesting insights of travel behaviors of group tours as well as individual tours, which will be helpful for tourism planning and management.

scholarly journals Building and exhibition layout: Sainsbury Wing compared with Castelvecchio

2004 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 128-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kali Tzortzi
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Spatial Data ◽  
Movement Pattern ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Spatial Relationships ◽  
Critical Argument ◽  
Data Collection And Analysis ◽  
Museum Experience ◽  
Two Parameters

It has always been thought that there are two dimensions in museum experience: the experience of space which can be distinguished from that of exhibits, as the former is largely non-discursive while the latter is more in the discursive domain. This paper aims to contribute to the description and understanding of the intricate pattern of interdependencies between the two parameters of the microstructure of the gallery space, the design of space and of the display layout. The paper uses rigorous methods of ‘spatial data’ collection and analysis (analytic representations of spatial relationships, and systematic representations of the movement pattern) and on this objective foundation builds an interpretative and critical argument.

Implementation Evaluation of a Participatory Ergonomics Program

2000 ◽  
Vol 44 (12) ◽  
pp. 2-688-2-691 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denis Allard ◽  
Marie Bellemare ◽  
Sylvie Montreuil ◽  
Micheline Marier ◽  
Johanne Prévost
Keyword(s):  
Contextual Factors ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Intervention Theory ◽  
Participatory Ergonomics ◽  
Implementation Evaluation ◽  
Dynamic Vision ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
A Company ◽  
Primary Aluminium

This paper presents the results of an implementation evaluation for a participatory ergonomics project, in two plants run by a company involved in primary aluminium processing. The logbooks kept by the ergonomists, together with observations of project meetings and post-intervention interviews with Ergo group members, were the basic materials used in analyzing the implementation. The analysis includes a comparison between the projected and actual outcomes of the project, examines the contextual factors that explain the gaps observed, and questions the principles underlying the intervention. The results point to the need for ergonomists to have a dynamic vision of implementation evaluations, which will allow them to adjust and refine their intervention theory.

scholarly journals Promoting Healthy Relationship Development in Teens, Part II: Three Key Qualities to Foster Better Relationships

EDIS ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor W. Harris ◽  
Gilon Marts ◽  
Muthusami Kumaran
Keyword(s):  
Contextual Factors ◽  
Relationship Development ◽  
Fact Sheet ◽  
Individual Traits ◽  
Strategies For Success ◽  
Interactional Processes ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Healthy Relationship

Getting married and staying married require a complicated calculus of factors that must come together to produce healthy and satisfying relationships. While couple interactional processes tend to be the most predictive of whether or not they will stay together and find happiness, background and contextual factors and individual traits also factor heavily into the equation. Finding two socks that match (and don’t wear out) is much more likely to occur when the relationship is based upon a deep and enduring friendship. Asking the question, “Will this choice enhance or diminish my marital friendship?” and then choosing to make the choices that will enhance the marital friendship more often than not are healthy strategies for success. This 5-page fact sheet was written by Victor W. Harris, Gilon Marts, and Muthusami Kumaran, and published by the UF Department of Family Youth and Community Sciences, March 2013. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/fy1364

scholarly journals Influence of inter-individual distance on grooming interaction in captive chimpanzees and bonobos

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morgane Allanic ◽  
Satoshi Hirata ◽  
Misato Hayashi ◽  
Tetsuro Matsuzawa
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Pan Paniscus ◽  
Temporal Organization ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Social Tolerance ◽  
Focal Animal ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Individual Distance ◽  
Species Specific

The spatial organization of a set of individuals may reflect the underlying relationships between them. This study investigated whether inter-individual distance, or the proximity between a pair of individuals, predicts the patterns of grooming interactions. The subjects were twelve chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes; M = 2, F = 10; age: mean = 34.8, range = 25-45) and six bonobos (Pan paniscus; M = 2, F = 4; age: mean = 27.3, range = 13-44) studied since September 2015 and living at Kumamoto Sanctuary (Japan). Proximity, time in contact, and time at less than one meter of all group members were recorded using focal animal sampling. The full temporal organization of grooming patterns was analyzed after ad libitum video records of the interactions. A pair of individuals that spends more time in close proximity was predicted to (i) show a shorter latency to approach before the onset of grooming, (ii) groom sensitive body parts (e.g. face and genitals) more often, and (iii) take turns in grooming more frequently than two individuals that stay far from each other. The results may suggest species-specific or relationship-dependent social tolerance, reflected in both inter-individual distance and patterns of grooming.

scholarly journals Seasonality impacts collective movements in a wild group-living bird

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Danai Papageorgiou ◽  
David Rozen-Rechels ◽  
Brendah Nyaguthii ◽  
Damien R. Farine
Keyword(s):  
Scale Up ◽  
Group Living ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Gps Tracking ◽  
Animal Populations ◽  
Distribution Of Resources ◽  
Collective Movements ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Induced Changes

Abstract Background A challenge faced by animals living in groups with stable long-term membership is to effectively coordinate their actions and maintain cohesion. However, as seasonal conditions alter the distribution of resources across a landscape, they can change the priority of group members and require groups to adapt and respond collectively across changing contexts. Little is known about how stable group-living animals collectively modify their movement behaviour in response to environment changes, such as those induced by seasonality. Further, it remains unclear how environment-induced changes in group-level movement behaviours might scale up to affect population-level properties, such as a population’s footprint. Methods Here we studied the collective movement of each distinct social group in a population of vulturine guineafowl (Acryllium vulturinum), a largely terrestrial and non-territorial bird. We used high-resolution GPS tracking of group members over 22 months, combined with continuous time movement models, to capture how and where groups moved under varying conditions, driven by seasonality and drought. Results Groups used larger areas, travelled longer distances, and moved to new places more often during drier seasons, causing a three-fold increase in the area used at the population level when conditions turned to drought. By contrast, groups used smaller areas with more regular movements during wetter seasons. Conclusions The consistent changes in collective outcomes we observed in response to different environments raise questions about the role of collective behaviour in facilitating, or impeding, the capacity for individuals to respond to novel environmental conditions. As droughts will be occurring more often under climate change, some group living animals may have to respond to them by expressing dramatic shifts in their regular movement patterns. These shifts can have consequences on their ranging behaviours that can scale up to alter the footprints of animal populations.

scholarly journals Support for group-based inequality among members of low-status groups as an ingroup status-enhancement strategy

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Catarina L. Carvalho ◽  
Isabel R. Pinto ◽  
Rui Costa-Lopes ◽  
Darío Paéz ◽  
José M. Marques
Keyword(s):  
Collective Action ◽  
Social Dominance ◽  
Contextual Factors ◽  
Social Dominance Orientation ◽  
High Status ◽  
Status Group ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Ingroup Identification ◽  
Minimal Groups ◽  
Status Enhancement

We discuss the idea that competition-based motives boost low-status group members’ support for group-based hierarchy and inequality. Specifically, the more low-status group members feel motivated to compete with a relevant high-status outgroup, based on the belief that existing status positions may be reversed, the more they will defend status differentials (i.e., high social dominance orientation; SDO). Using minimal groups (N = 113), we manipulated ingroup (low vs. high) status, and primed unstable status positions to all participants. As expected, we found that SDO positively mediates the relation between ingroup identification and collective action, when ingroup’s status is perceived to be low and status positions are perceived as highly unstable. We discuss the implications of considering situational and contextual factors to better understand individuals’ support for group-based hierarchies and inequality, and the advantages of considering ideological processes in predicting collective action.

scholarly journals Variation in personality can substitute for social feedback in coordinated animal movements

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Isaac Planas-Sitjà ◽  
Jean-Louis Deneubourg ◽  
Adam L. Cronin
Keyword(s):  
Complex Societies ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Social Feedback ◽  
Feedback Mechanisms ◽  
Collective Decisions ◽  
Collective Processes ◽  
Collective Movements ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Animal Societies ◽  
Effective Function

AbstractCollective movements are essential for the effective function of animal societies, but are complicated by the need for consensus among group members. Consensus is typically assumed to arise via feedback mechanisms, but this ignores inter-individual variation in behavioural tendency (‘personality’), which is known to underpin the successful function of many complex societies. In this study, we use a theoretical approach to examine the relative importance of personality and feedback in the emergence of collective movement decisions in animal groups. Our results show that variation in personality dramatically influences collective decisions and can partially or completely replace feedback depending on the directionality of relationships among individuals. The influence of personality increases with the exaggeration of differences among individuals. While it is likely that both feedback and personality interact in nature, our findings highlight the potential importance of personality in driving collective processes.

scholarly journals THE TOURISTS’ SPATIAL BEHAVIOUR AND TOURIST MOVEMENT PATTERN IN MUAR JOHOR

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (16) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nor Afifin Nadia M Noor Azman ◽  
Nur Hidayah Abd Rahman ◽  
Siti Salwa Md Sawari ◽  
Siti Aisah Abas ◽  
Samshul Amry Abdul Latif
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Data ◽  
Physical Environment ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Local Authority ◽  
Movement Pattern ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Spatial Behaviour ◽  
Primary Reference ◽  
Mode Of Transportation ◽  
Heritage Area

Unsystematic transportation system and accessibility, fewer tourism packages supply, and disorganised digital marketing strategy in destination management are the factors of the limitation of the tourist movement in a destination. Therefore, this research aims to determine the characteristics of the tourist’s spatial behaviour and tourist movement pattern in Muar, Johor. This research implemented a qualitative method through the semi-structured interview, which involved seven respondents who visited Muar, Johor. The result shows the characteristics of tourists’ spatial behaviour and tourist’s movement pattern has a significant interaction in investigating visiting characteristics, spatial data and movement. In the context of the macro-level movement pattern, the findings indicate that Muar has the potential to be developed as a one-day trip and three days one-night trip destination. Hence, it has positively affected tourism destination management to improve the travel package for domestic and international tourists. The main contribution of this research is to apply the mutual understanding of the tourist movement concept among visitors in investigating the complex visitor movement during travel related to the physical environment factor such as attractions, route and accessibility, and mode of transportation influenced by tourists’ spatial behaviour. This study can also be a primary reference for Muar local authority and destination management to ameliorate many aspects of creating an efficient tourist movement considering sustainable development in the urban heritage area.

scholarly journals Herding mechanisms to maintain the cohesion of a harem group: two interaction phases during herding

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monamie Ringhofer ◽  
Clark Kendrick Go ◽  
Sota Inoue ◽  
Renata S. Mendonça ◽  
Satoshi Hirata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Group Cohesion ◽  
Video Tracking ◽  
Group Cohesiveness ◽  
Movement Initiation ◽  
Animal Group ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
Group Movements

AbstractIn animal groups, individual interactions achieve coordinated movements to maintain cohesion. In horse harem groups, herding is a behavior in which males chase females from behind; it is considered to assist with group cohesiveness. However, the mechanisms by which the individuals move to maintain group cohesion are unknown. We applied novel non-invasive methods of drone filming and video tracking to observe horse movements in the field with high temporal and spatial resolution. We tracked all group members and drew trajectories. We analyzed the movements of females and found two phases of interactions based on their timing of movement initiation. The females that moved first were those nearest to the herding male, while the movement initiation of the later females was determined by the distance from the nearest moving female, not by the distance from the herding male. These interactions are unique among animal group movements and might represent a herding mechanism responsible for maintaining group cohesion. This might be due to long-term stable relationships within a harem group and strong social bonds between females. This study showed that the combination of drone filming and video tracking is a useful method for analyzing the movements of animals simultaneously in high resolution.

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