scholarly journals On complex systems of adaptive frugal products

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 192057
Author(s):  
Balkrishna C. Rao
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Complex Systems ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Factor Of Safety ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Foreseeable Future ◽  
Premature Failure ◽  
Sustainable Products ◽  
Minimal Consumption

Frugal products possess a proper mix of features including minimal consumption of resources, good functionality under nominal conditions and low cost. Therefore, increasing use of frugal products, that are designed and also fabricated systematically, is crucial to all-round sustainable development . However, their low factor-of-safety rigorous-design makes them inherently prone to failure under conditions of overloading. And multitudes of such coupled-products would create topologies of interconnected complex systems in the foreseeable future whose individual products should be made to adapt against any events of failure to enhance functionality while maintaining low cost. Accordingly, this paper proposes a two-pronged methodology for adaptation of frugal products along with ramifications of complex systems of frugal products. The adaptation methodology is crucial to the functioning of individual and also networks of frugal products and this work accordingly explicates scenarios of ensuing networks. Other than application to various sectors including electric vehicles , a basic example of which is covered in this paper, the proposed adaptation-and-networking framework can also be applied to a growing numbers of sustainable products, which are frugal according to the terminology of this effort and hence prone to premature failure.

scholarly journals Investigation on Thermal Resistance and Capacitance Characteristics of a Highly Integrated Power Control Unit Module

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 958
Author(s):  
Maosheng Zhang ◽  
Yu Bai ◽  
Shu Yang ◽  
Kuang Sheng
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Resistance ◽  
Power Control ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Control Unit ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Power Converter ◽  
Liquid Cooling ◽  
Integration Density ◽  
Unit Module

With the increasing integration density of power control unit (PCU) modules, more functional power converter units are integrated into a single module for applications in electric vehicles or hybrid electric vehicles (EVs/HEVs). Different types of power dies with different footprints are usually placed closely together. Due to the constraints from the placement of power dies and liquid cooling schemes, heat-flow paths from the junction to coolant are possibly inconsistent for power dies, resulting in different thermal resistance and capacitance (RC) characteristics of power dies. This presents a critical challenge for optimal liquid cooling at a low cost. In this paper, a highly integrated PCU module is developed for application in EVs/HEVs. The underlying mechanism of the inconsistent RC characteristics of power dies for the developed PCU module is revealed by experiments and simulations. It is found that the matching placement design of power dies with a heat sink structure and liquid cooler, as well as a liquid cooling scheme, can alleviate the inconsistent RC characteristics of power dies in highly integrated PCU modules. The findings in this paper provide valuable guidance for the design of highly integrated PCU modules.

scholarly journals The concept of low-cost didactic rig in the field of heat pumps

2020 ◽  
Vol 154 ◽  
pp. 05007
Author(s):  
Grzegorz Pełka ◽  
Wojciech Luboń ◽  
Tomasz Pudlik ◽  
Daniel Malik
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Capillary Tube ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Ground Source Heat Pump ◽  
Pump System ◽  
Heat Pump System ◽  
Copper Pipe ◽  
Ground Source ◽  
Hermetic Compressor

The Centre of Sustainable Development and Energy Saving in Miękinia conducts broad didactic activities for various groups of students. For its own purposes, and also as a concept to use for other didactic centers, a low-cost didactic stand in the scope of heat pumps was designed and implemented. The constructed device presents the operating principles and schematically describes the basic elements of the ground source heat pump system. The device was constructed using a used piston and hermetic compressor from an old fridge. As an evaporator and condenser, a heat exchanger made from copper pipe curved meandering was used. A carefully selected capillary tube was used as an expansion element. The distribution of the components and the visualization of the didactic rig were devised. The whole concept assumed the usage of propane (R290) as an ecological refrigerant. The project also includes cost statements for creating an alternative to a commercial, low-cost stand for teaching purposes at various levels of education and suggests ways of using the set.

Differential steering-based electric vehicle lateral dynamics control with rollover consideration

2019 ◽  
Vol 234 (3) ◽  
pp. 338-348
Author(s):  
Hui Jing ◽  
Rongrong Wang ◽  
Cong Li ◽  
Jinxiang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Measurement Problem ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Steering System ◽  
Front Wheel ◽  
Steering Control ◽  
Lateral Velocity ◽  
Lateral Dynamics ◽  
Vehicle Rollover ◽  
Differential Steering

This article investigates the differential steering-based schema to control the lateral and rollover motions of the in-wheel motor-driven electric vehicles. Generated from the different torque of the front two wheels, the differential steering control schema will be activated to function the driver’s request when the regular steering system is in failure, thus avoiding dangerous consequences for in-wheel motor electric vehicles. On the contrary, when the vehicle is approaching rollover, the torque difference between the front two wheels will be decreased rapidly, resulting in failure of differential steering. Then, the vehicle rollover characteristic is also considered in the control system to enhance the efficiency of the differential steering. In addition, to handle the low cost measurement problem of the reference of front wheel steering angle and the lateral velocity, an [Formula: see text] observer-based control schema is presented to regulate the vehicle stability and handling performance, simultaneously. Finally, the simulation is performed based on the CarSim–Simulink platform, and the results validate the effectiveness of the proposed control schema.

scholarly journals Effect Relationships on Sustainable Development of Palm Oil Production for Independent Smallholder Farmers toward Sustainable Certification System

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 24
Author(s):  
Nurliza Nurliza ◽  
Eva Dolorosa
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Oil Production ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Government Support ◽  
Small Farmers ◽  
Certification System ◽  
Sustainable Products ◽  
Sustainability Challenges

Palm oil is currently the most widely used vegetable oil in the world and its usage is also expected to double by 2020. However, there are some social and environmental impacts of palm oil plantation. Some complications resulted from the plantation may go as far as mass objections to the production of palm oil. On the contrary, demand for palm oil is still vast and constantly rising. In Indonesia, independent small farmers are the most important stakeholders since they are 43% of the whole Indonesian palm oil producers and have become the biggest spotlight of Indonesian palm oil development, including challenges and problems in which they will have to face to substantially increase their role in the global market as well as maintaining sustainability. Challenges today need to be engaged with innovation and inventions in a more productive and effective way. Enhancing independent small farmers will not only enlarge their contribution to sustainability practices, but also ensuring the sustainable products supplied to the market. Thus, supporting sustainable palm oil production is the way forward. Based on this current issue, this research identifies key point relationships (direct and indirect) on sustainable development factors which are based on Indonesian Sustainable Palm Oil Certification System (ISPO), these identified key points will be the primary target to be improved and government support in fostering the sustainability of palm oil industry will be profoundly necessary.

scholarly journals Design Thinking for Sustainable Development

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1363-1368
Author(s):  
Mara Zeltina
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Environmental Science ◽  
Design Thinking ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Development Planning ◽  
Project Work ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Undergraduate Study ◽  
Sustainable Products ◽  
Sustainability Challenges

The complexity of environmental and sustainability challenges has created an ongoing need for innovative and integrated approaches to address them. Design disciplines have a long history. The method “design thinking”, originally applied in architecture, engineering and business, has led to new and creative problem solving, thus creating much potential for use in sustainable development planning. While principles of good design are well established, there has been limited integration of design thinking with environmental science, sustainable development planning and education. This research was focused on how a sustainability approach can be merged with design thinking to develop socially responsible and environmentally sustainable products and services. The case study has been carried out in the master’s study course Sustainable Development Planning. Some of basic principles and stages of design thinking, such as empathy, creativity, collaboration, responsibility and interdisciplinary approach have been tested by using students project work evaluation regarding certain criteria and survey after the study course. The first results of approbated design thinking principles and methods, significant advantages and disadvantages and the perspective of using this method have been analysed and discussed. As the result from this study proposals for the improvement of the content of this study course and related study courses (a study course on sustainable development issues is compulsory in all undergraduate study programs in Latvia) and for the specification of test tasks have been developed, considering also future needs to provide the study course remotely.

Low-cost Powertrain Platform for Hybrid and Electric Vehicles

ATZ worldwide ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 119 (3) ◽  
pp. 52-57
Author(s):  
Christoph Danzer ◽  
Jens Liebold ◽  
Erik Schreiterer ◽  
Jörg Müller
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Low Cost

Use of a sonification system for science learning by people who are blind

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 187-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Orly Lahav ◽  
Nuha Chagab ◽  
Vadim Talis
Keyword(s):  
Complex Systems ◽  
Conceptual Knowledge ◽  
Science Curriculum ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Agent Based Modeling ◽  
Learning System ◽  
Learning Ability ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
K 12

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine a central need of students who are blind: the ability to access science curriculum content. Design/methodology/approach Agent-based modeling is a relatively new computational modeling paradigm that models complex dynamic systems. NetLogo is a widely used agent-based modeling language that enables exploration and construction of models of complex systems by programming and running the rules and behaviors. Sonification of variables and events in an agent-based NetLogo computer model of gas in a container is used to convey phenomena information. This study examined mainly two research topics: the scientific conceptual knowledge and systems reasoning that were learned as a result of interaction with the listen-to-complexity (L2C) environment as appeared in answers to the pre- and post-tests and the learning topics of kinetic molecular theory of gas in chemistry that was learned as a result of interaction with the L2C environment. The case study research focused on A., a woman who is adventitiously blind, for eight sessions. Findings The participant successfully completed all curricular assignments; her scientific conceptual knowledge and systems reasoning became more specific and aligned with scientific knowledge. Practical implications A practical implication of further studies is that they are likely to have an impact on the accessibility of learning materials, especially in science education for students who are blind, as equal access to low-cost learning environments that are equivalent to those used by sighted users would support their inclusion in the K-12 academic curriculum. Originality/value The innovative and low-cost learning system that is used in this research is based on transmittal of visual information of dynamic and complex systems, providing perceptual compensation by harnessing auditory feedback. For the first time the L2C system is based on sound that represents a dynamic rather than a static array. In this study, the authors explore how a combination of several auditory representations may affect cognitive learning ability.

The Concept of Ubiquitous Society and Government Programs of the Information and Post-Information Society Building in Japan

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 (5) ◽  
pp. 43-60
Author(s):  
Lyudmila Belova
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Social Development ◽  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Information Society ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Foreseeable Future ◽  
Real Vector ◽  
Public Programs ◽  
Building Information ◽  
The Government

The article presents the results of the study, the subject matter of which are the public programs of building Information and Post-information society in Japan. The purpose of the study is to identify the real vector of social development of one of the most developed countries of the world - Japan, in order to formulate a possible development landmark for the foreseeable future for Russia. The study reveals the influence of improving information and building post-information society on the process of Japan’s transition to the paradigm of sustainable development; examines the specificity of building the information and post-information society in Japan; analyses the most important factors and strategies of joint efforts of the government and business aimed at the country’s sustainable development. The author cames to the conclusion that the informational society as a society based on information and communication technologies (ICT) and knowledge, represents a real vector of social development for the foreseeable future and presupposes a corresponding state policy.

scholarly journals Do First-Movers in Marketing Sustainable Products Enjoy Sustainable Advantages? A Seven-Country Comparative Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haili Zhang ◽  
Michael Song
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Sustainable Development Goals ◽  
Product Introduction ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Sustainable Products ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
First Mover ◽  
Cross National

The literature suggests that first-movers enjoy sustainable competitive advantages but suffer some disadvantages. The timing of new product introduction is a major decision for executives who are concerned about sustainability issues. These executives must simultaneously strive for environmental protection, social welfare, the timing of product introduction, and the economic viability of decisions. However, few academic studies have examined how executives balance sustainable first-mover advantages and sustainable development goals in order to achieve sustainable organizational growth and performance. This study develops nine research hypotheses to examine what sustainable advantages first-movers gain by being first to market sustainable products in five industries that are important for advancing sustainable development goals. Using data collected from 1437 executives who are concerned about sustainability issues in seven countries, this study uses Duncan multiple-range tests to examine cross-national similarities and differences between Asian and Western countries. The study results reveal some interesting cross-national similarities and differences. The cross-national differences suggest some competing and signaling strategies for sustainable enterprise development. This study contributes to the existing cross-national research on first-mover advantages, provides a richer understanding of how executives who are concerned about sustainability issues perceive sustainability first-mover advantages and disadvantages, and further expands the theory of sustainable innovation and entrepreneurship.

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