scholarly journals Hunter–gatherer foraging networks promote information transmission

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ketika Garg ◽  
Cecilia Padilla-Iglesias ◽  
Nicolás Restrepo Ochoa ◽  
V. Bleu Knight
Keyword(s):  
Information Transmission ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Information Exchange ◽  
Central Place ◽  
Local Network ◽  
Mobility Strategies ◽  
Population Sizes ◽  
Spatial Use ◽  
Complex Culture ◽  
Global And Local

Central-place foraging (CPF), where foragers return to a central location (or home), is a key feature of hunter–gatherer social organization. CPF could have significantly changed hunter–gatherers’ spatial use and mobility, altered social networks and increased opportunities for information-exchange. We evaluated whether CPF patterns facilitate information-transmission and considered the potential roles of environmental conditions, mobility strategies and population sizes. We built an agent-based model of CPF where agents moved according to a simple optimal foraging rule, and could encounter other agents as they moved across the environment. They either foraged close to their home within a given radius or moved the location of their home to new areas. We analysed the interaction networks arising under different conditions and found that, at intermediate levels of environmental heterogeneity and mobility, CPF increased global and local network efficiencies as well as the rate of contagion-based information-transmission. We also found that central-place mobility strategies can further improve information transmission in larger populations. Our findings suggest that the combination of foraging and movement strategies, as well as the environmental conditions that characterized early human societies, may have been a crucial precursor in our species’ unique capacity to innovate, accumulate and rely on complex culture.

scholarly journals Hunter-gatherer foraging networks promote information transmission

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ketika Garg ◽  
Cecilia Padilla-Iglesias ◽  
Nicolás Restrepo Ochoa ◽  
V. Bleu Knight
Keyword(s):  
Information Transmission ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Information Exchange ◽  
Central Place ◽  
Local Network ◽  
Central Place Foraging ◽  
Home Base ◽  
Mobility Strategies ◽  
Complex Culture ◽  
Global And Local

AbstractCentral-place foraging, where foragers return to a central location (or home-base), is a key feature of hunter-gatherer social organization. Although why or when our ancestors started returning to “home-bases” remains unclear, it likely had significant implications for many aspects of hominin evolution. For example, central-place foraging, by changing hunter-gatherers’ use of space and mobility, could have altered social networks and increased opportunities for information exchange. We evaluated whether central-place foraging patterns facilitate information transmission and considered the potential roles of environmental conditions and mobility strategies. We built an agent-based central-place foraging model where agents move according to a simple optimal foraging rule, and can encounter other agents as they move across the environment. They either forage close to their home-bases within a given radius or move their home-bases to new areas. We analyzed the interaction networks arising across different environments and mobility strategies. We found that, at intermediate levels of environmental heterogeneity and mobility, central-place foraging increased global and local network efficiencies as well as the rate of contagion-based information transmission (simple and complex). Our findings suggest that the combination of foraging and movement strategies, as well as the underlying environmental conditions that characterized early human societies, may have been a crucial precursor in our species’ unique capacity to innovate, accumulate and rely on complex culture.

Improvement of Stabilization Time by Information Exchange Between Dispersed Generators in Local-network under Islanding

2002 ◽  
Vol 122 (2) ◽  
pp. 267-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenji Okuyama ◽  
Takeyoshi Kato ◽  
Kai Wu ◽  
Yasunobu Yokomizu ◽  
Tatsuki Okamoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Information Exchange ◽  
Local Network ◽  
Stabilization Time

ADDER

2021 ◽  
pp. 49-56
Author(s):  
A. N. Brysin ◽  
Yu. A. Zhuravleva ◽  
A. S. Mikaeva ◽  
S. A. Mikaeva
Keyword(s):  
Control Systems ◽  
Information Exchange ◽  
Electricity Generation ◽  
Local Network ◽  
Exchange Of Information ◽  
Upper Level ◽  
Bidirectional Exchange ◽  
And Control ◽  
Ethernet Interface

The article describes an electronic multifunctional adder for electricity metering SEM-3. The authors give the technical characteristics, the device and the principle of its operation. The presented adder is designed to monitor and account for the consumption of electricity generation and power directly from consumers, as well as in automated centralized accounting and control systems, and is designed for round-the-clock operation. The adder can collect and transmit information over six independent serial interfaces. The adder with a builtin GSM module provides bidirectional information exchange via cellular modem communication with remote devices and the transfer of accumulated data to the upper level of the automated electricity metering system. It provides bidirectional exchange of information over a local network with a PC over the built-in 10/100 Base-T Ethernet interface.

scholarly journals Fragile coexistence of a global chytrid pathogen with amphibian populations is mediated by environment and demography

2017 ◽  
Vol 284 (1864) ◽  
pp. 20171444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annemarieke Spitzen-van der Sluijs ◽  
Stefano Canessa ◽  
An Martel ◽  
Frank Pasmans
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Batrachochytrium Dendrobatidis ◽  
Stable State ◽  
Biodiversity Loss ◽  
Environmental Mediation ◽  
Infection Dynamics ◽  
Host Pathogen ◽  
Bombina Variegata ◽  
Population Sizes ◽  
The Individual

Unravelling the multiple interacting drivers of host–pathogen coexistence is crucial in understanding how an apparently stable state of endemism may shift towards an epidemic and lead to biodiversity loss. Here, we investigate the apparent coexistence of the global amphibian pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) with Bombina variegata populations in The Netherlands over a 7-year period. We used a multi-season mark–recapture dataset and assessed potential drivers of coexistence (individual condition, environmental mediation and demographic compensation) at the individual and population levels. We show that even in a situation with a clear cost incurred by endemic Bd, population sizes remain largely stable. Current environmental conditions and an over-dispersed pathogen load probably stabilize disease dynamics, but as higher temperatures increase infection probability, changing environmental conditions, for example a climate-change-driven rise in temperature, could unbalance the current fragile host–pathogen equilibrium. Understanding the proximate mechanisms of such environmental mediation and of site-specific differences in infection dynamics can provide vital information for mitigation actions.

scholarly journals Network study of responses to unusualness and psychological stress during the COVID-19 outbreak in Korea

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. e0246894
Author(s):  
Seunghyong Ryu ◽  
In-Hoo Park ◽  
Mina Kim ◽  
Yu-Ri Lee ◽  
Jonghun Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Stress ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Local Network ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Correlation Networks ◽  
Negative Edge ◽  
Huge Impact ◽  
Psychosocial Responses ◽  
Global And Local

The dramatic changes in people’s daily lives caused by the 2019 coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic have had a huge impact on their emotions and behaviors. This study aimed to examine psychosocial responses to COVID-19 using network analysis. A total of 1,500 urban residents of South Korea, selected from an online public panel, were surveyed using self-rating questionnaires addressing daily life changes, fear of infection, and distress related to COVID-19. Participants also completed a 10-item Perceived Stress Scale survey. We constructed regularized partial correlation networks, estimated global and local network metrics, tested network accuracy and stability, and compared the estimated networks between men and women. The network of the psychosocial responses consisted of 24 nodes that were classified into five groups: ‘fear of infection’, ‘difficulty with outside activities’, ‘economic loss’, ‘altered eating and sleeping’, and ‘adaptive stress’. The node centralities indicated that ‘distress in obtaining daily necessities’ and ‘concern about harming others’ were the most important issues in people’s responses to COVID-19. These nodes were connected by a negative edge, reflecting individual- and community-level issues, respectively. The overall level of perceived stress was linked to the network by the connection node ‘anger toward others or society’, which was associated with economic problems in men, but with distress from changes in daily activities in women. The results suggest that two contrasting feelings—personal insecurity regarding basic needs and a collectivistic orientation—play roles in the response to unusual experiences and distress due to COVID-19. This study also showed that public anger could arise from the psychological stress under the conditions imposed by COVID-19.

scholarly journals Local collaborations for physical activity promotion: a network analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas Roque Andrade ◽  
Leandro Martin Totaro Garcia ◽  
Diana C. Parra Perez
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Network Analysis ◽  
Information Exchange ◽  
Physical Activity Promotion ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Local Network ◽  
Self Management ◽  
The Public ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Activity Promotion

Abstract: This study aims to describe a local network for physical activity promotion and identify factors associated to collaboration or partnership ties between its actors. The study was carried out in a district of São Paulo, Brazil. Thirty-two actors responsible for policies, programs, and initiatives to promote physical activity within the district were interviewed from June to December 2012. Interviews included information about the actors’ attributes and their relationships with the other actors. Network analysis techniques were used to describe and analyze the structure of the network. Thirty-two actors maintained 179 relationships among themselves (density = 0.18), of which 46% were reciprocal. Four in 10 relationships did not extend beyond information exchange. Forty-six relationships were classified as collaborations or partnerships (density = 0.09), of which 40% were concentrated on one actor of the public sector. To perceive institutional structure and bureaucracy as limiting factors to networking has been positively associated with new collaboration or partnership ties (OR = 2.37; 95%CI: 1.2-5.50). Understanding the structure of the network may empower the actors and foster self-management, facilitating the identification and decision, in a collaborative way, in which new relationships may have greater impact in the physical activity promotion within the district.

scholarly journals Method of Masking Transmitted Information

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 111-126
Author(s):  
Pavel Vladimirovich Zakalkin ◽  
Sergei Aleksandrovich Ivanov ◽  
Elena Valer’evna Vershennik ◽  
Aleksandr Vladimirovich Kir’yanov
Keyword(s):  
Information Transmission ◽  
Information Exchange ◽  
Information Transfer ◽  
Block Diagram ◽  
Functional Model ◽  
Window Size ◽  
Optimal Size ◽  
Hidden Information ◽  
Open Communication ◽  
Transmitted Information

The processes of globalization, the emergence and active development of cyberspace have led to the need to protect information transmitted in the framework of information exchange. Existing approaches to information protection, in particular its encryption, steganography, etc. from the point of view of information exchange have a number of unmasking features that, despite the undoubted reliability of these approaches, significantly reduce the secrecy of information transmission. The proposed article considers an approach that allows for the hidden transmission of protected information over open communication channels, by masking the transmitted information. The development of the proposed approach was carried out in stages. at the first stage, a method for masking the transmitted information was developed and patented. At the next stage, on the basis of the developed method, a functional model of client and server applications of the hidden information transmission complex is created. The transfer of masked information is proposed to be carried out using the developed protocol of hidden information transfer. The block diagram of the package of the proposed Protocol for transmitting hidden information, the implementation and use of the Protocol at the application level are presented in this paper. At the final stage, a software implementation of the proposed approach was developed and modeling of information exchange at different offset Windows was performed. the paper presents a functional model of the developed complex, a scheme of interaction of functional modules, and a block diagram of the proposed approach to masking the transmitted information. Increasing the secrecy of information transmission is provided by the procedure for converting a carrier message into a marker message by forming an offset window, as well as using an array of digital records to select the carrier message. The proposed approach allows you to use a smaller carrier message when increasing the window size and using a sliding window depending on the size of the information message, you can choose the optimal size of the carrier message and the offset window.

scholarly journals The network structure of mathematical knowledge according to the Wikipedia, MathWorld, and DLMF online libraries

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 367-386
Author(s):  
FLAVIO B. GONZAGA ◽  
VALMIR C. BARBOSA ◽  
GERALDO B. XEXÉO
Keyword(s):  
Network Structure ◽  
Mathematical Knowledge ◽  
Directed Graphs ◽  
Power Laws ◽  
Local Features ◽  
Local Network ◽  
Connected Component ◽  
Strongly Connected ◽  
Global And Local ◽  
The Web

AbstractWe study the network structure of Wikipedia (restricted to its mathematical portion), MathWorld, and DLMF. We approach these three online mathematical libraries from the perspective of several global and local network-theoretic features, providing for each one the appropriate value or distribution, along with comparisons that, if possible, also include the whole of the Wikipedia or the Web. We identify some distinguishing characteristics of all three libraries, most of them supposedly traceable to the libraries' shared nature of relating to a very specialized domain. Among these characteristics are the presence of a very large strongly connected component in each of the corresponding directed graphs, the complete absence of any clear power laws describing the distribution of local features, and the rise to prominence of some local features (e.g., stress centrality) that can be used to effectively search for keywords in the libraries.

Technology of Vehicle Detail Parts Monitoring Based on CGI and IPv6

2014 ◽  
Vol 494-495 ◽  
pp. 210-213
Author(s):  
Zhi Peng Song
Keyword(s):  
Information Transmission ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Information Exchange ◽  
Information Transfer ◽  
Common Gateway Interface ◽  
Ipv6 Address ◽  
Geographical Access ◽  
Transport Control ◽  
The Common ◽  
Real Time Information

For the problem of the vehicle parts monitoring in the internet of vehicle, the service technology is proposed to access the detail components through the common gateway interface technology. The information transmission is managed using the common gateway interface and interface parts for docking, and the monitoring of detail parts is made by the bus integration monitoring. IPv6 virtual network address information transmission is used to avoid the hidden dangers of IPv4 address depletion, and the virtual and independent IPv6 address is transferred with the part number in the common gateway interface to achieve a wide geographical access. In order to achieve real-time information exchange and robustness, the real-time transport protocol and real-time transport control protocol is used to assure smaller transmission delay and less packet loss rate. The test results show that the average response time is no more than 85 nanoseconds and the accuracy of information transfer is not less than 98.2%, and the results meets the needs of the most environmental, and the program is viable in practice.

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