An Information-Theoretic Measure of Cultural Success

I develop a simple but principled method for measuring the amount of culturally-transmitted information from a written target work that is actually retained in human minds and capable of influencing behavior. Using procedures inspired by Claude Shannon’s 1951 method for estimating the entropy of written English, I estimate the entropy of samples from the target work with a treatment group (those that have read a target work) and a control group (those who are of the same culture but who have not read the target work), using human minds as encoders-decoders in the communication model. KL divergence quantifies the information that the treatment group already knows relative to the control group. This method controls for shared cultural inheritance and does not require commitments to what information from the target work is important. The general technique can be profitably extended to a variety of domains, including evolutionary theory, methods of teaching, and the study of music.

The effective algorithm of ensuring the integrity of the transmitted information

The problem of ensuring the integrity of the transmitted information in modern information and communication systems is considered in this paper. An optimized algorithm for detecting and correcting errors in the information transmitted over communication lines is proposed. It was developed on the basis of the results of previous studies of the error correction method based on the parity values of the coordinates of a binary matrix. An easy-to-implement, high-speed and efficient error detection algorithm is proposed which is focused on the use of small binary matrices, for example, (4 × 8) or (7 × 8) bits. In such matrices, the possible number of errors that appear in them during the transfer of information is relatively small and easily detected.

The Appearance of Nothingness

Unexceptional by definition, the natural appearance of everyday life is not a matter of conscious awareness, let alone deliberate calculation, but an uneventful background against which, ordinarily, nothing special seems to happen. This feeling that nothing is going on, however, may be intentionally elicited (i.e., preserved) and used for instrumental purposes, through strategic actions that dissemble themselves to better affect their target. In this view, this chapter elaborates the concept of concealed strategic actions (CSA), actions that are not experienced as such by the observer and are designed to be so. Somewhat oversuspicious, this idea can be traced back to the work of Goffman on fabrications, normal appearances, and the difference between expressed versus transmitted information. CSA’s current relevance, more practically speaking, is shown by the extensive use in policy making of default options, which are interpreted here as a consequential form of interventions that do not feel as interventions at all. Though CSAs can backfire and are, indeed, inherently obsolescent, their ambition to deploy a reactance-proof strategy seems intriguing from an interactionist perspective, highlighting the nexus among intentions, actions, and reactions—something to eagerly inspect for an expansive symbolic interactionism.

Estimation of the Performance Measures of a Group of Servers Taking into Account Blocking and Call Repetition before and after Server Occupation

The model of a fully available group of servers with a Poisson flow of primary calls and the possibility of losses before and after occupying a free server is considered. Additionally, a call can leave the system because of the aging of transmitted information. After each loss, there is some probability that a customer repeats the call. Such models are seen in the modeling of various telecommunication systems such as emergency information services, call and contact centers, access nodes, etc., functioning in overloading situations. The stationary behavior of the system is described by the infinite-state Markov process. It is shown that stationary characteristics of the model can be calculated with the help of an auxiliary model of the same class but without call repetitions due to losses occurring before and after the occupation of a free server and the aging of transmitted information. The performance measurements of the auxiliary model are calculated by solving a system of state equations using a recursive algorithm based on the concept of the truncation of the used state space. This approach allows significant savings of computer resources to be made by ignoring highly unlikely states in the process of calculation. The error caused by truncation is estimated. The presented numerical examples illustrate the use of the model for the elimination of the negative effects of emergency information service overload based on the filtering of the input flow of calls.

Dielectric nanoresonator for enhancement of 2D material photoluminescence

Nowadays the volume of transmitted information exponentially grows and requires the development of new telecommunication systems. Dielectric nanoresonators can be considered as a basic part of such systems to control the emission of the nanoscale source. Here we numerically investigated resonant dielectric nanoresonators for emission enhancements of 2D nanomaterials. We show that the radiative Purcell factor can achieve the value of up to 21 and 12 for the magnetic quadrupole and dipole responses, respectively. Also, we compare the directivity patterns for magnetic dipole and quadrupole resonances. The results obtained in this work can be applied in the development of optical chips and interfaces.

Methods of remote work and ways to protect it

The topic of remote work with the arrival of the pandemic was an unusual way of working for many companies and organizations, but as time goes on, it continues to become more and more relevant and even becomes more convenient and applicable for different fields of activity. This form of organization of work has brought many innovations both in the work and in the organization of the protection of processed and transmitted information in the process of work. Both ordinary workers and managers faced a lot of problems, but also acquired a lot of positive moments. We will analyze the negative and positive aspects of "remote work" and methods of protecting the processed information in this process.

On possible energy savings with transmission supported via feedback channel in CubeSat transceiver

Recently a transmission technique, which can save energy thanks to supportive transmission in the feedback channel, was presented for transmitted information with different probability distributions. The basic assumption for its practical exploitation is that a node collecting information has enough energy - much more than the supported node. So far, in the published theoretical analysis it was assumed that the node does not consume energy for receiving the supporting sequence or that the amount of this energy is negligible comparing to energy needed for transmission. This paper makes the analyses more exact and practically oriented. Particularly, it estimates possible energy savings by incorporating the energy expenditures for receiving the supporting sequence in scenarios with Poisson distributed payload messages. The data from a real transceiver for CubeSat are used for obtaining the numerical results in these estimations.

Intelligibility of Haptic Signals in Vehicle Information Systems

Objective: The purpose of this study was to verify changes in a driver’s emotions through the physical characteristics of haptic signals. This is to improve the performance of drivers by designing haptic signals with emotional semantics. Background: Currently, drivers receive a variety of information through intelligent systems installed in their vehicles. Because this is mainly achieved through visual and auditory channels, an excessive amount of information is provided to drivers, which increases the amount of information and cognitive load that they must accept. This, in turn, can reduce driving safety. It is, therefore, necessary to develop a haptic signal, a sensory channel that has not been widely used in in-vehicle information systems. Methods: The experiment was performed to collect a driver’s emotions according to the haptic signal in a driving simulator. Haptic signals were designed by various frequencies and accelerations, and driver emotions were collected through Kansei engineering techniques and analyzed through factor analysis. To verify intelligibility, haptic signals were compared and evaluated based on response time, response rate, and amount of transmitted information. Results: The final determined emotional map consisted of dangerousness and urgency. Based on the emotional map, four emotional semantic haptic signals were designed. It was confirmed that these four signals displayed higher performance than the discriminability haptic signal in terms of response time, response rate, and amount of transmitted information. Conclusions: Using emotional maps, it is possible to design haptic signals that can be applied to various driving situations. These maps may also assist in securing design guidelines for haptic signals that apply to in-vehicle information systems.

DEVELOPMENT OF A PROJECT TO CREATE A PROTECTED CORPORATE NETWORK USING VPN TECHNOLOGIES

At the moment, using a VPN connection is popular among Internet users. 2020 showed the need to create a corporate remote network for organizations of all spheres. VPN technology allows using special programs to unite individual computers and local networks to protect the transmitted information. When connecting to a server located in the VPN public access network, the technology forms a channel that is protected by information using encryption algorithms.

About Some Peculiarities of Expressive Syntax in English Popular Press

The article is devoted to the problems of expressive syntax and its role in transmitting the author’s communicative intentions. According to the dominating cognitive-discourse paradigm at present, scientists are interested in researching the manifestations of the author’s perception of transmitted information and their impact on the form of its presentation. Due to the dominating role of mass media in the contemporary world, it seems of great importance to reveal the way they influence the collective mind of the readers. In this connection expressive syntax plays a very important role in the process of communication via media text. The main aim of the research is to analyze functional and linguistic peculiarities of expressive syntax in media texts as a means of the author-reader interaction. In this article the research of the expressive syntax means is conducted on the basis of two English magazines. The topics and cognitive peculiarities of the readers play a great role in choosing proper expressive means and are required to be considered as a system. The results of the analysis show that the main means of expressive syntax in popular press is a parenthetical phrase serving to give the author’s comments, define terms and toponyms, or add extra information, satisfying the readers’ curiosity. The result also shows that due to different cognitive attitudes, types of creation (individual or collective) and segments of its targeted audience, National Geographic articles, unlike The Economist ones, contain more variable means of expressive syntax.