scholarly journals A new differential dilatometer for the determination of volume changes during solidification

1927 ◽  
Vol 115 (772) ◽  
pp. 554-570
Keyword(s):  
Melting Point ◽  
Linear Expansion ◽  
Experimental Methods ◽  
Eutectic Alloys ◽  
Volume Changes ◽  
Hydrostatic Method ◽  
The Subject ◽  
New Form ◽  
Methods Of Measurement

In recent years, the practical requirements of the metal industries have made it necessary to study the factors which govern the production of good castings. One of the most important of these factors is the change of volume which accompanies solidification. The experimental methods which have hitherto been used to determine this change have given discordant results, and it has seemed desirable to devise a new method, less liable to error. The new form of volumenometer which is the subject of this paper is intended to eliminate most of the errors inherent in the older methods. It has been applied to the measurement of the volume changes of two eutectic alloys, those of lead and tin and of tin and bismuth, the former of which contracts during solidification, whilst the latter shows a distinct expansion. The results indicate that the method is trustworthy. Previous Methods of Measurement . The older methods, which have been used for the experimental determination of the changes in volume, associated with the change in state of bodies, may be divided into the following classes:— ( a )The coefficients of expansion of the solid and liquid, over limited ranges of temperature, are measured and the volume change occurring at the melting point is found by extrapolation. The coefficient of expansion of the solid is found either by direct measurement of the linear expansion or deduced from measurements derived from some hydrostatic method in which Archimedes’ Principle is employed. The expansion of the liquid melt is inferred from observations on some dilatometric or hydrostatic method.

Solders and Their Metallurgy

2004 ◽  
pp. 49-102
Keyword(s):  
Melting Point ◽  
Phase Diagrams ◽  
Solder Alloy ◽  
Eutectic Alloys ◽  
Key Characteristics ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Metallic Impurities ◽  
Extensive Reference ◽  
Alloy Systems

Abstract This chapter presents an overview of solder alloy systems that one is likely to encounter. It discusses the processes involved in the survey of solder alloy systems. The chapter describes the effect of metallic impurities on different solders. Extensive reference is made to phase diagrams to highlight particular points. An introduction to alloy constitution and phase diagrams designed for those with no background in the subject is presented, which covers the interpretation of phase diagrams and the associated terminology. The mechanism by which the intermetallics form and some of the implications of their presence in joints are discussed. The chapter describes the several key characteristics of eutectic alloys and factors most effective at depressing the melting point of solders by eutectic alloying.

Fictioning disagreement: The construction of separation in the work of Jacques Rancière

Maska ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (185) ◽  
pp. 64-74
Author(s):  
Bruno Besana
Keyword(s):  
Art And Politics ◽  
Jacques Ranciere ◽  
Natural Modes ◽  
The Arts ◽  
Key Concepts ◽  
Jacques Rancière ◽  
The Subject ◽  
New Form

Although constantly intertwining aesthetic and political considerations, the work of Rancière also forcefully stresses the absence of any evidence in the relation between art and politics. The article uses the theme of this lack of self-evident relation in order to analyse a series of key-concepts of Rancière’s work (regime, contrariété, disagreement, etc.) and, lastly, proposes to read through this reconstruction of its conceptual architecture the place – both conceptual and practical – where a subject can be thought and produced. In this sense, this article proposes to read in Rancière’s work the presence of a structured concept of the subject, the very determination of which is inseparable from the – at once collective and singular – articulation of a space of indetermination and fracture: a space articulating the absence of relation between different modes of interruption of evidences, taking place in the arts and in politics. In this way, Rancière’s work contributes to thinking the subject as groundless, irrelative to any given, specific reality (such as, for instance, ‘humanity’), as a new form connecting together, via a radically new narrative, a series of fractures operated within received, allegedly ‘natural’ modes of classifications of reality.

Light Side of Design: Professional Vector

2020 ◽  
pp. 23-33
Author(s):  
Elena A. Zaeva-Burdonskaya ◽  
Yuri V. Nazarov
Keyword(s):  
Professional Practice ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Design Culture ◽  
Interdisciplinary Nature ◽  
Educational Programmes ◽  
Design Activities ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Light Side

This article addresses one of the most actively developing types of design activities – light design. The article comprises quotes of the leading Russian and foreign light design specialists published over the previous five years, as well as the authors’ own conclusions. The thoughts quoted in the article are sometimes opposite to each other and reflect the wide spectrum of professional practice. They reflect the initial opinions of analysts and experts which are often diverging. All of the specialists point at the interdisciplinary nature of the new profession, which imposes additional load on a designer overloaded enough already by the scope and speed of the problems being solved nowadays. The discussion of the new profession of light designer initiated on the pages of professional publications is especially important in view of the development of professional standards and standards of design and architectural education, as well as creation of new educational programmes based on various approaches to the subject in technical and humanitarian institutions. The goal of this article is to introduce light design into the field of fully legitimate sections of design culture, to define the authentic scientific basis of the new creative profession, to initiate a foundation for self-determination of the new synthetic area, which materially affects the state of the profession as a whole and the life standards of a wide variety of consumers. In order to reach the set goal, a comparative and analytical method of study was selected, which allows studying the problem to a large extent and from all angles and finding the ways of overcoming the challenges emerging in the area of the new activity.

EINE CHEMISCHE METHODE ZUR BESTIMMUNG VON 16-EPI-ÖSTRIOL IM URIN DES MENSCHEN

1963 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Nocke ◽  
H. Breuer
Keyword(s):  
Melting Point ◽  
Phosphoric Acid ◽  
Aqueous Alkali ◽  
Percentage Error ◽  
Organic Layer ◽  
Maximum Percentage ◽  
Chemical Determination ◽  
Routine Assay ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

ABSTRACT A method for the chemical determination of 16-epi-oestriol in the urine of nonpregnant women with a qualitative sensitivity of less than 0.5 μg/24 h is described. The separation of 16-epi-oestriol and oestriol is accomplished by converting 16-epi-oestriol into its acetonide, a reaction which is stereoselective for cis-glycols and therefore not undergone by oestriol as a trans-glycol. Following partition between chloroform and aqueous alkali, the acetonide of 16-epi-oestriol is completely separated with the organic layer whereas oestriol as a strong phenol remains in the alkaline phase. 16-epi-oestriol is chromatographed on alumina as the acetonide and determined as a Kober chromogen. This procedure can easily be incorporated into the method of Brown et al. (1957 b) thus making possible the simultaneous routine assay of oestradiol-17β, oestrone, oestriol and 16-epi-oestriol from one sample of urine. The specificity of the method was established by separation of 16-epi-oestriol from nonpregnancy urine as the acetonide, hydrolysis of the acetonide by phosphoric acid, isolation of the free compound by microsublimation and identification by micro melting point, colour reactions and chromatography. The accuracy of the method is given by a mean recovery of 64% for pure crystalline 16-epi-oestriol when added to hydrolysed urine in 5–10 μg amounts. The precision is given by s = 0.24 μg/24 h. For the duplicate determination of 16-epi-oestriol the qualitative sensitivity is 0.44 μg/24 h, the maximum percentage error being ± 100% The quantitative sensitivity (±25% error) is 1.7 μg/24 h.

Assessment of sensitivity of the efficiency of regional tax spending towards investment attractiveness of the types of economic activity carried out by the residents of advanced development territory

2020 ◽  
pp. 98-110
Author(s):  
Evgeniya Mikhailovna Popova ◽  
Guzel Mukhtarovna Guseinova ◽  
Sergei Borisovich Milov
Keyword(s):  
Economic Activity ◽  
Socioeconomic Development ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Tax Incentives ◽  
Capital Investments ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Investment Process ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Advanced Development

The deficit of subnational budgets and deceleration capital investments in multiple Russian regions increase the relevance of research aimed at improvement of tax incentivizing practice of the regional investment process. The studies focused on determination of the impact of socioeconomic and institutional factors upon the efficiency of investment tax expenses obtained wide circulation within the foreign scientific literature. The subject of this article is the assessment of sensitivity of the efficiency of regional tax expanses towards investment attractiveness of the types of economic activity carried out by the residents of territories of advanced socioeconomic development, created in the subjects of Far Easter Federal District. The scientific novelty and practical values of this research consists in substantiation of the reasonableness of assessment of investment attractiveness of the types of economic activity that are stimulated by tax incentives. Methodology for assessing investment attractiveness is proposed and tested. The conclusion is made that in case of low investment attractiveness of the type of economic activity, which was planned to support by tax incentives, it is required to conduct and additional analysis to avoid unjustified tax expanses.

Application of hydrogenated butadiene-nitrile rubbers for products operated at high temperatures and in aggressive environments

2019 ◽  
pp. 129-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. A. Khorova ◽  
A. V. Myshlyavtsev
Keyword(s):  
Relative Elongation ◽  
Temperature Limit ◽  
Degree Of Unsaturation ◽  
Product Service ◽  
Nitrile Rubbers ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Maximum Content ◽  
Aging In Air ◽  
Hydrocarbon Media

The subject of the study were rubber mixtures based on hydrogenated butadiene-nitrile rubbers (HNBR) Therban, Zetpol, NBR-B with an acrylonitrile (AN) content of 34% to 49% and unsaturation of 0.9% to 22% with sulfuric, peroxide and sulfuric-peroxide cure systems. The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of the AN content and the degree of unsaturation of HNBR on the properties of rubbers in products designed for operation under the influence of fuels and oils at increased temperatures.The results of the determination of the mass swelling of rubbers in hydrocarbon media and the relative elongation in the process of thermal aging in air and in oil at increased temperatures are presented. The conclusion was made on the use of HNBR mixture with maximum content of AN (49%), with low (6%) and extremely low (0.9%) ODS content and sulfuric peroxide cure system to extend the product service temperature limit to 150°C.

Introduction

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chakravarthi Ram-Prasad
Keyword(s):  
Philosophical Tradition ◽  
Phenomenological Tradition ◽  
The Third ◽  
Western Philosophical Tradition ◽  
The Subject ◽  
To Come

The Introduction outlines the various chapters. It then situates the question of ‘body’ in the modern Western philosophical tradition following Descartes, and argues that this leaves subsequent responses to come under one of three options: metaphysical dualism of body and subject; any anti-dualist reductionism; or the overcoming of the divide. Describing the Phenomenology of Merleau-Ponty as a potent example of the third strategy, the Introduction then suggests his philosophy will function as foil to the ecological phenomenology developed and presented in the book. Moreover, one approach within the Western Phenomenological tradition, of treating phenomenology as a methodology for the clarification of experience (rather than the means to the determination of an ontology of the subject) is compared to the approach in this book. Since classical India, while understanding dualism, did not confront the challenge of Descartes (for better or for worse), its treatment of body follows a different trajectory.

scholarly journals Research of the Disparities in the Process of Revitalization of Brownfields in Small Towns and Cities

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1232
Author(s):  
Natalie Szeligova ◽  
Marek Teichmann ◽  
Frantisek Kuda
Keyword(s):  
Small Towns ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Essential Step ◽  
Community Strength ◽  
Population Turnover ◽  
Subsequent Application ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Relevant Factors

The subject of the work is the research on relevant factors influencing participation in the success of brownfield revitalization, especially in the territory of small municipalities. Research has so far dealt with the issue of determining disparities in the municipalities of the Czech Republic, not excluding small municipalities, but their subsequent application has usually been presented in larger cities. The focus on smaller municipalities or cities was usually addressed only in general. The introduction provides an overview of theoretical knowledge in the field of brownfield revitalization. Defining the level of knowledge of the monitored issues is an essential step for the purposes of more effective determination of disparities. Disparities will be determined on the basis of information on localities that have been successfully revitalized. The identified disparities are then monitored in the territory of small municipalities. For the purposes of processing, it was determined that a small municipality or city is an area with a maximum of 5000 inhabitants. Using appropriately selected statistical methods, an overview of disparities and their weights is determined, which significantly affect the success of revitalization. In small municipalities, the issue of brownfields is not emphasized but, in terms of maintaining community strength and reducing population turnover, the reuse of brownfields is a crucial theme.

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