Nutritive value of the protein of white and wholemeal bread in relation to the growth of rats

1956 ◽  
Vol 145 (919) ◽  
pp. 270-279 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Essential Amino Acid ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Lysine Content ◽  
White Bread ◽  
Rate Of Growth ◽  
Weanling Rats ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Wholemeal Bread

The comparative value of the protein of wholemeal bread and white bread, in promoting the growth of young rats of both sexes, has been re-examined. With weanling rats the results confirmed previous observations, made by other workers, that the protein of wholemeal bread promotes a better rate of growth than that of white bread. This difference in the rate of growth was also observed when the diets contained 4% skim milk powder and 10% potato powder. With older rats (starting about 5 to 6 weeks afterweanling) the difference in rate of growth, on the diets containing wholemeal bread com pared with those containing white bread, was not so pronounced with male rats and was insignificant with females. Following these observations the lysine content of the wholemeal and white-bread diets was determined using the analytical technique of Moore & Stein (1951) with an ion-exchange resin. With these data as a basis the lysine content of the white-bread diets was raised to that of the wholemeal diets by the addition of L-lysine. The rate of growth of male weanling rats on the supplemented white-bread diet was then no longer inferior to that observed with the wholemeal diet. In further experiments the lysine content of both the white-bread and wholemeal diets was raised to about 1%, so that lysine was no longer the limiting factor in either. Male weanling rats grew equally well on both these supplemented diets. Once the lysine requirement was satisfied there was no evidence of any other essential amino-acid being a limiting factor in the white-bread diets, compared with the wholemeal. It is concluded, first, that the difference in the nutritive value of the protein of wholemeal bread and that of white bread (as measured by the rate of growth of the weanling rat) is due to the higher lysine content of the wholemeal bread. Secondly, that the weanling rat is extremely sensitive to small changes in the lysine concentration in diets when the content of this essential amino-acid is in the range 0·3 to 0·5%.

scholarly journals Assessment Of Nutritive Value In Milled Rice Grain Of Some Indian Rice Landraces And Their Molecular Characterization

1970 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 369-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Banerjee ◽  
G Chandel ◽  
N Mandal ◽  
BM Meena ◽  
T Saluja
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Essential Amino Acid ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Lysine Content ◽  
Milled Rice ◽  
Rice Landraces ◽  
The Mean

The study was aimed at the evaluation of nutritive values in terms of total protein and some essential amino acid content of a set of 258 diverse rice landraces maintained in the Germplasm Section of Indira Gandhi Agricultural University at Raipur, Chhattisgarh. Protein content of milled grains ranged from 4.91% to 12.08% with the mean of 6.63%. Similarly wide variation was recorded in lysine content which varied from 1.73 to 7.13 g/l6g N, the mean being 4.62 g/I6g N. Grain protein and lysine levels varied two to three folds. Variation for lysine content (CV 23.68%) was higher than that of protein content (CV 12.45%). This clearly indicated the existence of wide genetic variability for protein and lysine contents in rice. Two sets of ten elite lines each containing high levels of protein and lysine were further analyzed separately for another essential amino acid tryptophan. In the set with high protein, the tryptophan levels varied from 0.36-0.88 g/16 g N, the mean being 0.642 g/l6 g N. Among the landraces containing high levels of lysine, the tryptophan content ranged from 0.256 to 0.86 g/16 g N, the average being 0.514. A positive correlation of tryptophan with lysine content (r = 0.076) and a strong negative correlation with total protein content (r = - 0.923) were recorded. Donor lines for breeding rice varieties with optimum protein quality were identified as potential donor parents for genetic improvement of rice for nutritious grains. Fourteen SSR primer sets were used to investigate the level of polymorphism among the ten elite landraces of extra early maturity group. The estimated similarity ranged from 20.18 to 69.00% reflecting much variation at the DNA level. Keywords: Milled rice grain; protein; lysine; tryptophan; nutritive value of rice. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v36i3.9265 BJAR 2011; 36(3): 369-380

THE EFFECTS OF HYDROUS AND ANHYDROUS AMMONIA TREATMENTS ON THE NUTRITIVE VALUE OF LOW GLUCOSINOLATE-TYPE RAPESEED MEAL (CANOLA MEAL) FOR CHICKS

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 915-918
Author(s):  
Y. K. GOH ◽  
A. SHIRES ◽  
A. R. ROBBLEE ◽  
D. R. CLANDININ
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Composition ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Canola Meal ◽  
Lysine Content ◽  
Feeding Value ◽  
Available Lysine ◽  
Amino Acid Contents

The effects of sparging low glucosinolate-type rapeseed meal (Canola meal) with ammonia, in the absence or presence of steam, on its amino acid composition and feeding value for chicks were studied. Sparging treatments had no effects on the amino acid contents of the meals nor were thyroid size or the growth of chicks affected adversely when the variously treated meals were included in diets for chicks at the 20% level. Sparging with steam appeared to increase the available lysine content of the meal and improve its feeding value for chicks. Key words: Canola meal, ammoniation, sinapine, nutritive value, chicks

STUDIES ON THE NUTRITIVE VALUE OF REFUSE SCREENINGS: I. THE ESSENTIAL AMINO ACID CONTENT OF CERTAIN WEED SEEDS

1958 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-102
Author(s):  
A. J. Wood ◽  
W. D. Kitts ◽  
May C. Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Essential Amino Acid ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Amino Acid Content ◽  
Seed Proteins ◽  
Weed Seed ◽  
Rape Seed ◽  
Weed Seeds ◽  
Essential Amino Acid Content

The essential amino acid content of a number of the weed seeds found in refuse screenings is reported. In terms of nutritive value the weed seed proteins are comparable with those contained in soybean, flax and rape seed. The results reported lend support to the view that properly processed refuse screenings is a satisfactory feeding stuff for the ruminant animal.

scholarly journals Nutritive value of mixed proteins

1977 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 289-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. Woodham ◽  
P. S. Deans
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Composition ◽  
G Protein ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Essential Amino Acid ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Total Amino Acid ◽  
Chemical Score

1. Two series of protein feeding-stuffs each consisting of a fish meal, meat-and-bone meal, soya-bean meal, groundnut meal and sunflower-seed meal were analysed for total amino acid composition and evaluated, both individually and combined in all possible pairs, as supplements to cereal-based diets for growing chicks by the total protein efficiency (g weight gain/g protein consumed; TPE) procedure. Each pair of feeding-stuffs provided 120 g supplementary protein/kg diet and the diet was made up so that the relative amounts of protein provided by each of the pair of constituents were (w/w): 120:0, 100:20, 80:40, 60:60, 40:80, 20:100 and 0:120 respectively, in addition to 60 g protein/kg provided by cereals.2. In all but one of the twenty pairs of feeding-stuffs studied the mixtures exhibited a marked synergistic effect in that the TPE value was higher than the appropriately weighted mean of the TPE values obtained with the individual components.3. Neither chemical score ([amount of limiting amino acid/the chick's requirement for the same amino acid] × 100) nor essential amino acid index; geometric mean for the ratio, amount of essential amino acid: the chick's requirement for that amino acid, for all ten essential amino acids) calculated from the amino acid composition of the dietary constituents could be used routinely to predict the results of the chick growth test, although chemical score did parallel the TPE values in some instances. In a number of instances, mixtures containing an apparently less favourable amino acid composition than one of the components of the mixture gave a higher TPE value.4. It seems likely that the relative proportions of a number of amino acids determine the optimum combination of a mixture of proteins. The removal of amino acid deficiencies alone is not sufficient to ensure that a given mixture of proteins produces optimum performance in growing chickens.

189. The effect of commercial sterilization on the nutritive value of milk. VI. Comparison of the total nutritive value of raw and commercially sterilized milks

1938 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 188-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. M. Henry ◽  
E. W. Ikin ◽  
S. K. Kon
Keyword(s):  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Cane Sugar ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Protein Energy ◽  
Preceding Experiment ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Sterilized Milk

1. The effect of commercial sterilization on the total nutritive value of milk was studied in five separate experiments.2. In the first experiment raw and sterilized milks supplemented with minerals were given in equal amounts to pairs of litter-mate male rats. No differences were found in the growth performance of the rats, but the rats on sterilized milk consumed it more readily than their mates on raw milk. This difference was statistically significant.3. Rats getting limited but equal amounts of milk in addition to a basal diet which supplied only protein, energy and minerals grew better on raw than on sterilized milk.4. When the basal diet contained in addition 5% brewer's yeast and the milk intakes were the same as in the previous experiment no difference was found between the two groups.5. Rats receiving raw milk to which 15 g. of cane sugar was added per 100 ml. grew better than rats receiving equal quantities of similarly treated sterilized milk.6. Rats given raw milk containing 30 g. per 100 ml. of sugar grew as well as the rats on sterilized milk in the preceding experiment, but rats receiving similarly treated sterilized milk took much less milk than the raw milk rats, grew very poorly and some of them developed symptoms of beri-beri.7. The difference between raw and sterilized milk is discussed and it is concluded that in these experiments on the total nutritive value of milk vitamin B1 was the first limiting factor of sterilized milk.

Digestibility and nutrient value of palmitoyl-L-lysine derivatives in weanling rats

1977 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 434-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian A. Stephens ◽  
Margaret J. Veen-Baigent ◽  
Alenka Paquet ◽  
G. Harvey Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Amino Acid Mixture ◽  
The Other ◽  
Acid Mixture ◽  
Lysine Content ◽  
Nutrient Value ◽  
Weanling Rats

α-N,ε-N-Dipalmitoyl-L-lysine, α-N-monopalmitoyl-L-lysine, and ε-N-monopalmitoyl-L-lysine were compared with 18% casein and lysine HCl as sources of lysine in the diets of weanling rats. The lysine derivatives and lysine HCl were added to a basal diet containing 14.1% of an amino acid mixture with no lysine. Weight gain, food intake, plasma lysine, and urine and fecal lysine were determined. Animals fed the basal and lysine derivative diets lost weight over the 10-day study period. They had lower food intake, urine and plasma lysine content, and a higher fecal lysine content than animals fed the other diets. α-N-Monopalmitoyl-L-lysine was absorbed whereas the ε-N-monopalmitoyl-L-lysine and the α-N,ε-N-dipalmitoyl compounds were not.

scholarly journals Protein Quality of Rations for Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Containing Oilseed Meals

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 82
Author(s):  
James G. Kirimi ◽  
Levi M. Musalia ◽  
Adiel Magana ◽  
Jonathan M. Munguti
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Essential Amino Acid ◽  
Nile Tilapia ◽  
Protein Quality ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Canola Meal ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Sunflower Meal

Considering price as the main limiting factor in the use of animal proteins, this study evaluated the protein quality of diets for Nile tilapia containing oilseed meals as replacements of fishmeal. A control diet (FMBD) (30% crude protein and 2900 Kcal DE/kg) was formulated using fishmeal (FM), soybean meal (SBM), canola meal (CM) and sunflower meal (SFM). The test diets SBBD, CMBD and SFBD were formulated by replacing 10% CP of FM by SBM, CM and SFM, respectively. The amino acid profile was determined by MPA FT-NIR spectrometer (Bruker, Germany). Fishmeal recorded higher levels (p < 0.05) of lysine (7.81 mg/100 g), methionine (2.89 mg/100 g), arginine (5.87 mg/100 g), threonine (4.28 mg/100 g) and isoleucine (4.55 mg/100 g). The chemical score for all essential amino acid in fishmeal were higher than 100. Sunflower meal was a superior (p < 0.05) protein source with an essential amino acid index (EAAI) of 1.14 compared to CM (0.80) and SBM (0.70). Substituting FM with SBM, CM or SFM, reduced (p < 0.05) the levels of all amino acids apart from methionine which was increased (p < 0.05) in the diet with SBM substitute. In all diets, methionine and isoleucine were the first and second limiting amino acids, respectively. Though the diet containing FM exhibited higher (p < 0.05) EAAI (0.97), it was not satisfactory because it was limiting in methionine. The EAAI reduced (p < 0.05) with replacement of fishmeal by SBM (0.78), CM (0.77) and SFM (0.76). The study showed that the control diet had good quality protein and substitution with SBM, CM and SFM gave useful protein diets.

scholarly journals The assessment of grain quality indicators in spring barley cultivars and lines

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 126-133
Author(s):  
L. M. Eroshenko ◽  
M. M. Romakhin ◽  
A. N. Eroshenko ◽  
O. V. Levakova ◽  
N. A. Eroshenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Quality Indicators ◽  
Essential Amino Acid ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Exchange Energy ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Lysine Content ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Barley Cultivars

The requirements for assessment of new barley cultivars quality, imposed on plant breeding research, can be very different, even contradictory, depending on the intended use. The study of 13 competitive variety test numbers carried out in Moscow region in 2013-2018 helped to reveal the most promising ones, capable of producing grain with high biochemical and technological quality indicators. The great value for forage use was demonstrated by the samples with a high protein and essential amino acid lysine content as well as a high level of exchange energy in the grain. It has been established that a new forage variety Zlatoyar accumulated the maximum protein content (13.9%) and essential amino acid lysine content (0.52%) with productivity of 7.55 t/ha in different by humidity years. The grain of naked barley dyhaploid form 9h1137 had the optimal nutritious content: 151 g of crude protein, 31 g of crude fat, 667 g of nitrogen-free extractives, and 18 g of cellulose per 1kg of dry mass. It was noted, that those cultivars were characterized by the exchange energy of 11.39-11.82 Mj per 1 kg of cattle forage, and 13.22-14.33 Mj per 1 kg of pig forage. The valuable material for brewery purposes corresponding with the international quality standards has been developed. The Nadezhny variety was selected as well as promising lines 141/1-09 h 746; 85/1-13 h 1067, 181/3-12 h 897, which had a higher content of extractives in the grain (79.9-82.5%). In favorable vegetation conditions, they had grain protein content of 10.6-11.2%, which corresponded with the highest grade of the international standards for malting qualities of grain. In dry vegetation conditions, the protein content did not exceed 12.4%. The edibility characteristics of barley cultivars were evaluated by technological parameters of grain and porridge as a finished product. The laboratory test for the barley groat qualities gave the following results: the grain unit (709-711 gram per liter), 1000 grain mass (50.551.8 g), kernel hardness (42.8-46.2%), groat grain output per 4 minutes (56.5-57.7%), the color of finished porridge (4.8-5.0 grades). It helped to identify the Nur and the Zlatoyar varieties as especially valuable for peeled-barley and pearl barley groats.

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