scholarly journals Cortisol levels are positively associated with pup-feeding rates in male meerkats

2005 ◽  
Vol 273 (1586) ◽  
pp. 571-577 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne A Carlson ◽  
Marta B Manser ◽  
Andrew J Young ◽  
Andrew F Russell ◽  
Neil R Jordan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Significant Variation ◽  
Plasma Cortisol ◽  
Steroid Hormone ◽  
Feeding Rates ◽  
Hormonal Factors ◽  
Hormone Levels ◽  
Cortisol Levels

In societies of cooperative vertebrates, individual differences in contributions to offspring care are commonly substantial. Recent attempts to explain the causes of this variation have focused on correlations between contributions to care and the protein hormone prolactin, or the steroid hormone testosterone. However, such studies have seldom considered the importance of other hormones or controlled for non-hormonal factors that are correlative with both individual hormone levels and contributions to care. Using multivariate statistics, we show that hormone levels explain significant variation in contributions to pup-feeding by male meerkats, even after controlling for non-hormonal effects. However, long-term contributions to pup provisioning were significantly and positively correlated with plasma levels of cortisol rather than prolactin, while plasma levels of testosterone were not related to individual patterns of pup-feeding. Furthermore, a playback experiment that used pup begging calls to increase the feeding rates of male helpers gave rise to parallel increases in plasma cortisol levels, whilst prolactin and testosterone levels remained unchanged. Our findings confirm that hormones can explain significant amounts of variation in contributions to offspring feeding, and that cortisol, not prolactin, is the hormone most strongly associated with pup-feeding in cooperative male meerkats.

scholarly journals Long-term valproate treatment induces changes in ovarian morphology and serum sex steroid hormone levels in female Wistar rats

Seizure ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 490-493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik Taubøll ◽  
Jouko I.T. Isojärvi ◽  
Hanne Flinstad Harbo ◽  
Arto J. Pakarinen ◽  
Leif Gjerstad
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Steroid Hormone ◽  
Sex Steroid ◽  
Sex Steroid Hormone ◽  
Hormone Levels ◽  
Ovarian Morphology ◽  
Female Wistar Rats

BILATERAL ADRENALECTOMY OF LAMBS IN UTERO: EFFECTS ON MATERNAL HORMONE LEVELS AT INDUCED PARTURITION

1976 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 433-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. P. F. FLINT ◽  
ANNE B. M. ANDERSON ◽  
JANE D. GOODSON ◽  
PENELOPE A. STEELE ◽  
A. C. TURNBULL
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Cortex ◽  
Plasma Cortisol ◽  
In Utero ◽  
Bilateral Adrenalectomy ◽  
Hormonal Changes ◽  
Hormone Levels ◽  
Oestrone Sulphate ◽  
Cortisol Levels ◽  
Neonatal Lambs ◽  
Adrenal Secretion

SUMMARY Progesterone, 17α,20α-dihydroxypregn-4-en-3-one, androstenedione, total unconjugated oestrogen and oestrone sulphate have been measured by radioimmunoassays in maternal utero-ovarian venous, maternal peripheral venous and/or foetal posterior vena caval plasma from six sheep bearing bilaterally adrenalectomized lambs, in which premature parturition was induced by administration of glucocorticoid. Three of the ewes were ovariectomized, and in one of these three animals the foetal testes were also excised, at the time of foetal adrenalectomy. Adrenalectomy was judged to be complete on the basis of plasma cortisol levels in the neonatal lambs, and by examination of the site of ablation at necropsy. In all cases foetal administration of glucocorticoid led to the onset of labour, and lambing, and in all animals the hormonal changes preceding parturition were indistinguishable (either qualitatively or quantitatively) from the changes observed in animals carrying intact lambs. Since therapy with glucocorticoid alone successfully compensates for ablation of the foetal adrenal cortex, it is suggested that glucocorticoid is the only adrenal product required to cause parturition, and that foetal adrenal secretion of androgens may be unnecessary.

scholarly journals The scent of attractiveness: levels of reproductive hormones explain individual differences in women's body odour

2018 ◽  
Vol 285 (1886) ◽  
pp. 20181520 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janek S. Lobmaier ◽  
Urs Fischbacher ◽  
Urs Wirthmüller ◽  
Daria Knoch
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Mate Choice ◽  
Reproductive Fitness ◽  
Reproductive Hormones ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Hormone Levels ◽  
Body Odour ◽  
Cortisol Levels

Individuals are thought to have their own distinctive body odour which reportedly plays an important role in mate choice. In the present study we investigated individual differences in body odours of women and examined whether some women generally smell more attractive than others or whether odour preferences are a matter of individual taste. We then explored whether levels of reproductive hormones explain women's body odour attractiveness, to test the idea that body odour attractiveness may act as a chemosensory marker of reproductive fitness. Fifty-seven men rated body odours of 28 healthy, naturally cycling women of reproductive age. We collected all odours at peak fertility to control for menstrual cycle effects on body odour attractiveness. Women's salivary oestradiol, progesterone, testosterone and cortisol levels were assessed at the time of odour collection to test whether hormone levels explain body odour attractiveness. We found that the men highly agreed on how attractive they found women's body odours. Interestingly, women's body odour attractiveness was predicted by their oestradiol and progesterone levels: the higher a woman's levels of oestradiol and the lower her levels of progesterone, the more attractive her body odour was rated. In showing that women's body odour attractiveness is explained by levels of female reproductive hormones, but not by levels of cortisol or testosterone, we provide evidence that body odour acts as a valid cue to potential fertility.

scholarly journals Dietary l-tryptophan leaves a lasting impression on the brain and the stress response

2017 ◽  
Vol 117 (10) ◽  
pp. 1351-1357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik Höglund ◽  
Øyvind Øverli ◽  
Madelene Å. Andersson ◽  
Patricia Silva ◽  
Danielle Caroline Laursen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stress Response ◽  
Plasma Cortisol ◽  
General Pattern ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Vertebrate Lineage ◽  
Stress Responsiveness ◽  
Treated Fish ◽  
Cortisol Levels ◽  
The Brain

AbstractComparative models suggest that effects of dietary tryptophan (Trp) on brain serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT) neurochemistry and stress responsiveness are present throughout the vertebrate lineage. Moreover, hypothalamic 5-HT seems to play a central role in control of the neuroendocrine stress axis in all vertebrates. Still, recent fish studies suggest long-term effects of dietary Trp on stress responsiveness, which are independent of hypothalamic 5-HT. Here, we investigated if dietary Trp treatment may result in long-lasting effects on stress responsiveness, including changes in plasma cortisol levels and 5-HT neurochemistry in the telencephalon and hypothalamus of Atlantic salmon. Fish were fed diets containing one, two or three times the Trp content in normal feed for 1 week. Subsequently, fish were reintroduced to control feed and were exposed to acute crowding stress for 1 h, 8 and 21 d post Trp treatment. Generally, acute crowding resulted in lower plasma cortisol levels in fish treated with 3×Trp compared with 1×Trp- and 2×Trp-treated fish. The same general pattern was reflected in telencephalic 5-HTergic turnover, for which 3×Trp-treated fish showed decreased values compared with 2×Trp-treated fish. These long-term effects on post-stress plasma cortisol levels and concomitant 5-HT turnover in the telencephalon lends further support to the fact that the extrahypothalamic control of the neuroendocrine stress response is conserved within the vertebrate lineage. Moreover, they indicate that trophic/structural effects in the brain underlie the effects of dietary Trp treatment on stress reactivity.

Long-term hormone implant therapy – effects on lipoproteins and steroid levels in post-menopausal women

1986 ◽  
Vol 111 (3) ◽  
pp. 419-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. D. Fletcher ◽  
E. Farish ◽  
D. M. Hart ◽  
D. H. Barlow ◽  
C. E. Gray ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Steroid Hormone ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Untreated Group ◽  
Significant Finding ◽  
Hormone Levels ◽  
Menopausal Women ◽  
Implant Therapy ◽  
Post Menopausal

Abstract. Lipoprotein and steroid hormone levels were measured in 61 bilaterally oophorectomised women who had been treated for 3 years with implants containing either oestradiol alone or oestradiol plus testosterone. The lipoprotein levels associated with each of the two therapy regimens were compared. In addition, lipoproteins were measured in 67 untreated bilaterally oophorectomised age-matched women and compared with those of the treated women. Despite the high oestradiol levels produced by both types of implant, the only significant finding was a reduced LDL cholesterol in the oestrogen/testosterone treated group as compared with that of the untreated group.

THE EPISODIC NATURE OF CHANGES IN OVINE PLASMA CORTISOL LEVELS AND THEIR RESPONSE TO ADRENALINE DURING ADAPTATION TO A NEW ENVIRONMENT

1973 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 171-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. P. McNATTY ◽  
D. C. THURLEY
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Plasma Cortisol ◽  
Episodic Nature ◽  
Cortisol Levels

SUMMARY Large and rapid variations were found in the plasma cortisol levels of housed and cannulated sheep. Adrenaline injected i.v. caused increased plasma levels of cortisol that were proportionate to the dose. This response of cortisol to adrenaline was larger when sheep were newly housed, than when the sheep had been housed and sampled for 2 weeks. Response to adrenocorticotrophin also diminished over 2 weeks. Dexamethasone abolished the response to adrenaline. Tyrosine and DOPA had little effect on cortisol levels, dopamine and noradrenaline had some effect, but none had as great an effect as adrenaline.

Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., and Arctic char, Salvelinus alpinus (L.): comparative correlation between iodine-iodide supplementation, thyroid hormone levels, plasma cortisol levels, and infection intensity with the sea louse Caligus elongatus

1999 ◽  
Vol 77 (7) ◽  
pp. 1092-1101 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Mustafa ◽  
B M MacKinnon
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Plasma Cortisol ◽  
Infection Intensity ◽  
Arctic Char ◽  
Sea Lice ◽  
Lower Plasma ◽  
Hormone Levels ◽  
Thyroid Hormone Levels ◽  
Cortisol Levels

The interrelationship between plasma cortisol levels, iodine-iodide nutritional supplementation, plasma thyroid hormone levels (tri- and tetra-iodothyronine, T3 and T4 respectively), and infection intensity with the sea louse Caligus elongatus were investigated in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., and Arctic char, Salvelinus alpinus (L.). Cortisol-implanted Atlantic salmon had significantly higher mean intensities of sea lice than salmon not implanted with cortisol. Untreated Arctic char had significantly higher plasma cortisol levels and sea lice infections than untreated salmon. Cortisol-implanted salmon had lower plasma levels of T3 and T4. Salmon and char treated with iodized feed and iodinated water had higher plasma T3 and T4 levels, higher plasma T3/T4 ratios, and lower plasma cortisol levels than controls. Sea lice infections were significantly reduced on salmon treated with either iodized feed (P < 0.05) or iodinated water (P < 0.05). Char treated with iodized feed also had significantly reduced infections (P < 0.05). In general, iodized feed had a greater effect than iodinated water in reducing sea lice numbers. This study indicates that elevated plasma cortisol levels in salmon and char result in lower plasma levels of thyroid hormone and an increased susceptibility to sea lice infections. It is concluded that providing the fish with sufficient iodine-iodide increases thyroid hormone levels, reduces plasma cortisol levels, and reduces susceptibility to sea lice infections.

scholarly journals The effect of long term physical exercises on plasma cortisol levels

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 239
Author(s):  
Manoj Bandara ◽  
Iresha Rathnayake ◽  
Korotta Gamage Somasiri
Keyword(s):  
Cortisol Level ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Plasma Cortisol ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Plasma Cortisol Level ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Physical Exercises ◽  
Cortisol Levels

Regular physical exercises have shown to improve health. Stress can cause great impact on individual’s mental health as well as physical health. Plasma cortisol is used as a biomarker to measure stress. This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of long-term physical exercises on cortisol levels in healthy young men. The study was carried out on four study groups; non–exercised control group (NE), exercised for 6 months (E6M), exercised for 18 months (E18M) and exercised for 30 months (E30M). Thirty participants who underwent regular physical exercises for different time periods were included in each exercised group. Thirty controls were also recruited. Plasma cortisol was measured using ELIZA method and compared to the patterns of plasma glucose levels. Plasma cortisol levels of all exercised groups were significantly less than that of control group (p<0.05). A significant reduction of plasma cortisol level was observed in E6M (p<0.001) and E18 M (p<0.001). Plasma cortisol level of E30M was higher than E6M and E18M but less than the control group. Plasma glucose levels followed the same pattern as cortisol. The results of this study suggest that prolong exercises favorably alters the cortisol and glucose levels indicating reduced stress levels in young adults. The study clearly indicates that the prolong exercises have positive effect on the stress marker; plasma cortisol level as well as overall health of an individual.

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