scholarly journals A spatial theory for characterizing predator–multiprey interactions in heterogeneous landscapes

2015 ◽  
Vol 282 (1812) ◽  
pp. 20150973 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Fortin ◽  
Pietro-Luciano Buono ◽  
Oswald J. Schmitz ◽  
Nicolas Courbin ◽  
Chrystel Losier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prey Species ◽  
Landscape Heterogeneity ◽  
Spatially Explicit ◽  
Human Disturbances ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
Heterogeneous Landscapes ◽  
Empirically Supported ◽  
Predator Interactions ◽  
Predator Prey Models ◽  
Species Specific

Trophic interactions in multiprey systems can be largely determined by prey distributions. Yet, classic predator–prey models assume spatially homogeneous interactions between predators and prey. We developed a spatially informed theory that predicts how habitat heterogeneity alters the landscape-scale distribution of mortality risk of prey from predation, and hence the nature of predator interactions in multiprey systems. The theoretical model is a spatially explicit, multiprey functional response in which species-specific advection–diffusion models account for the response of individual prey to habitat edges. The model demonstrates that distinct responses of alternative prey species can alter the consequences of conspecific aggregation, from increasing safety to increasing predation risk. Observations of threatened boreal caribou, moose and grey wolf interacting over 378 181 km 2 of human-managed boreal forest support this principle. This empirically supported theory demonstrates how distinct responses of apparent competitors to landscape heterogeneity, including to human disturbances, can reverse density dependence in fitness correlates.

scholarly journals Coexistence for an Almost Periodic Predator-Prey Model with Intermittent Predation Driven by Discontinuous Prey Dispersal

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Yantao Luo ◽  
Long Zhang ◽  
Zhidong Teng ◽  
Tingting Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Prey Species ◽  
Impulsive Differential Equations ◽  
Comparison Theorems ◽  
Almost Periodic ◽  
Predator Species ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
Predator Prey Model ◽  
Prey Model ◽  
Predator Prey Models

An almost periodic predator-prey model with intermittent predation and prey discontinuous dispersal is studied in this paper, which differs from the classical continuous and impulsive dispersal predator-prey models. The intermittent predation behavior of the predator species only happens in the channels between two patches where the discontinuous migration movement of the prey species occurs. Using analytic approaches and comparison theorems of the impulsive differential equations, sufficient criteria on the boundedness, permanence, and coexistence for this system are established. Finally, numerical simulations demonstrate that, for an intermittent predator-prey model, both the intermittent predation and intrinsic growth rates of the prey and predator species can greatly impact the permanence, extinction, and coexistence of the population.

Exploring the dynamics of a Holling–Tanner model with cannibalism in both predator and prey population

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (01) ◽  
pp. 1850010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aladeen Al Basheer ◽  
Rana D. Parshad ◽  
Emmanuel Quansah ◽  
Shengbin Yu ◽  
Ranjit Kumar Upadhyay
Keyword(s):  
Prey Species ◽  
Joint Effect ◽  
Prey Population ◽  
Life History Trait ◽  
Spatially Explicit ◽  
Spatially Explicit Model ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
Interior Equilibrium ◽  
Invasive Species Control ◽  
Predator Cannibalism

Cannibalism is an intriguing life history trait, that has been considered primarily in the predator, in predator–prey population models. Recent experimental evidence shows that prey cannibalism can have a significant impact on predator–prey population dynamics in natural communities. Motivated by these experimental results, we investigate a ratio-dependent Holling–Tanner model, where cannibalism occurs simultaneously in both the predator and prey species. We show that depending on parameters, whilst prey or predator cannibalism acting alone leads to instability, their joint effect can actually stabilize the unstable interior equilibrium. Furthermore, in the spatially explicit model, we find that depending on parameters, prey and predator cannibalism acting jointly can cause spatial patterns to form, while not so acting individually. We discuss ecological consequences of these findings in light of food chain dynamics, invasive species control and climate change.

scholarly journals Density Dependent Delayed Migration for Rosenzweig-Macaurther Model with Holling Type II Predator Functional Response

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Samuel B. Apima ◽  
George O. Lawi ◽  
Nthiiri J. Kagendo
Keyword(s):  
Time Delay ◽  
Prey Species ◽  
Prey Population ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
Logistic Growth ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
Density Dependent ◽  
Predator Prey Model ◽  
Predator Prey Models

The model describing the interaction between the predator and prey species is referred to as a predator-prey model. The migration of these species from one patch to another may not be instantaneous. This may be due to barriers such as a swollen river or a busy infrastructure through the natural habitat. Recent predator-prey models have either incorporated a logistic growth for the prey population or a time delay in migration of the two species. Predator-prey models with logistic growth that integrate time delays in density-dependent migration of both species have been given little attention. A Rosenzweig-MacAurther model with density-dependent migration and time delay in the migration of both species is developed and analyzed in this study. The Analysis of the model when the prey migration rate is greater than or equal to the prey growth rate, the two species will coexist, otherwise, at least one species will become extinct. A longer delay slows down the rate at which the predator and prey population increase or decrease, thus aecting the population density of these species. The prey migration due to the predator density does not greatly affect the prey density and existence compared to the other factors that cause the prey to migrate. These factors include human activities in the natural habitats like logging and natural causes like bad climatic conditions, limited food resources and overpopulation of the prey species in a patch among others.

scholarly journals Predation models for primary and secondary prey species

1995 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 55 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. P. Pech ◽  
A. R. E. Sinclair ◽  
A. E. Newsome
Keyword(s):  
Native Species ◽  
Prey Species ◽  
Red Fox ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Generalist Predator ◽  
Arid Environments ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
European Rabbits ◽  
Predator Prey Models ◽  
Semi Arid

In Australia, the red fox (Vulpes vulpes) is a generalist predator of European rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) and a range of small to medium-sized native species. The available evidence suggests that foxes are capable of regulating rabbits in semi-arid environments but their role in the population dynamics of other prey species is not clear. A series of models, and associated experimental tests, that compare the effects of predation on primary and secondary prey species are described. The models are appropriate to the time scale of prey dynamics and differ from recent predator–prey models that focus on predator dynamics. These ideas are discussed for the fox and several of its prey species in Australia.

scholarly journals A predator-prey model with disease in prey

2013 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Sabiar Rahman ◽  
Santabrata Chakravarty
Keyword(s):  
Hopf Bifurcation ◽  
Prey Species ◽  
Dynamical Behaviour ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
Interior Equilibrium ◽  
Predator Prey Model ◽  
Prey Model ◽  
Predator Interactions ◽  
Disease In Prey

. The present investigation deals with the disease in the prey population having significant role in curbing the dynamical behaviour of the system of prey-predator interactions from both ecological and mathematical point of view. The predator-prey model introduced by Cosner et al. [1] has been wisely modified in the present work based on the biological point of considerations. Here one introduces the disease which may spread among the prey species only. Following the formulation of the model, all the equilibria are systematically analyzed and the existence of a Hopf bifurcation at the interior equilibrium has been duly carried out through their graphical representations with appropriate discussion in order to validate the applicability of the system under consideration

The global dynamics of stochastic Holling type II predator-prey models with non constant mortality rate

Filomat ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (18) ◽  
pp. 5811-5825
Author(s):  
Xinhong Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Stochastic Model ◽  
Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Positive Periodic Solution ◽  
Global Dynamics ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
Persistence In The Mean ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Predator Prey Models

In this paper we study the global dynamics of stochastic predator-prey models with non constant mortality rate and Holling type II response. Concretely, we establish sufficient conditions for the extinction and persistence in the mean of autonomous stochastic model and obtain a critical value between them. Then by constructing appropriate Lyapunov functions, we prove that there is a nontrivial positive periodic solution to the non-autonomous stochastic model. Finally, numerical examples are introduced to illustrate the results developed.

Plugging Space into Predator-Prey Models: An Empirical Approach

2006 ◽  
Vol 167 (2) ◽  
pp. 246
Author(s):  
Bergström ◽  
Englund ◽  
Leonardsson
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Approach ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
Predator Prey Models

The population dynamics of bite-sized predators: prey dependence, territoriality, and mobility

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xavier Lambin
Keyword(s):  
Prey Species ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
Biological Barrier ◽  
Reciprocal Interactions ◽  
Demographic Rates ◽  
Risk Of Predation ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Rodent Prey ◽  
Small Mustelids

The dependency of mustelid demographic rates on prey abundance has the potential to cause a strong coupling between predator-prey populations. Data on mustelid dynamics show that such strong reciprocal interactions only materialise in some restricted conditions. Bite-size mustelid predators searching for scarce, depleted prey expose themselves to increased risk of predation by larger predators of small mammal that are themselves searching for similar prey species. As voles or muskrats become scarcer, weasels and mink searching for prey over larger areas become increasingly exposed to intra-guild predation, unless they operate in a habitat refuge such as the sub-nivean space. Where larger predators are sufficiently abundant or exert year-round predation pressure on small mustelids, their impact on mustelids may impose biological barrier to dispersal that are sufficient to weaken the coupling between small mustelids and their rodent prey, and thus impose a degree of top down limitation on mustelids.

scholarly journals Functional genomics study of Pseudomonas putida to determine traits associated with avoidance of a myxobacterial predator

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shukria Akbar ◽  
D. Cole Stevens
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Putida ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Predator Avoidance ◽  
Phenotypic Diversity ◽  
Myxococcus Xanthus ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
Mucoid Conversion ◽  
Small Colony ◽  
Predator Prey Models ◽  
Insight Into

AbstractPredation contributes to the structure and diversity of microbial communities. Predatory myxobacteria are ubiquitous to a variety of microbial habitats and capably consume a broad diversity of microbial prey. Predator–prey experiments utilizing myxobacteria have provided details into predatory mechanisms and features that facilitate consumption of prey. However, prey resistance to myxobacterial predation remains underexplored, and prey resistances have been observed exclusively from predator–prey experiments that included the model myxobacterium Myxococcus xanthus. Utilizing a predator–prey pairing that instead included the myxobacterium, Cystobacter ferrugineus, with Pseudomonas putida as prey, we observed surviving phenotypes capable of eluding predation. Comparative transcriptomics between P. putida unexposed to C. ferrugineus and the survivor phenotype suggested that increased expression of efflux pumps, genes associated with mucoid conversion, and various membrane features contribute to predator avoidance. Unique features observed from the survivor phenotype when compared to the parent P. putida include small colony variation, efflux-mediated antibiotic resistance, phenazine-1-carboxylic acid production, and increased mucoid conversion. These results demonstrate the utility of myxobacterial predator–prey models and provide insight into prey resistances in response to predatory stress that might contribute to the phenotypic diversity and structure of bacterial communities.

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