scholarly journals Individual and combined impacts of sulfoxaflor and Nosema bombi on bumblebee ( Bombus terrestris ) larval growth

2020 ◽  
Vol 287 (1932) ◽  
pp. 20200935 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harry Siviter ◽  
Arran J. Folly ◽  
Mark J. F. Brown ◽  
Ellouise Leadbeater
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Output ◽  
Bombus Terrestris ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Larval Growth ◽  
Life History Stage ◽  
Nosema Bombi ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

Sulfoxaflor is a globally important novel insecticide that can have negative impacts on the reproductive output of bumblebee ( Bombus terrestris ) colonies. However, it remains unclear as to which life-history stage is critically affected by exposure. One hypothesis is that sulfoxaflor exposure early in the colony's life cycle can impair larval development, reducing the number of workers produced and ultimately lowering colony reproductive output. Here we assess the influence of sulfoxaflor exposure on bumblebee larval mortality and growth both when tested in insolation and when in combination with the common fungal parasite Nosema bombi, following a pre-registered design. We found no significant impact of sulfoxaflor (5 ppb) or N. bombi exposure (50 000 spores) on larval mortality when tested in isolation but found an additive, negative effect when larvae received both stressors in combination. Individually, sulfoxaflor and N. bombi exposure each impaired larval growth, although the impact of combined exposure fell significantly short of the predicted sum of the individual effects (i.e. they interacted antagonistically). Ultimately, our results suggest that colony-level consequences of sulfoxaflor exposure for bumblebees may be mediated through direct effects on larvae. As sulfoxaflor is licensed for use globally, our findings highlight the need to understand how novel insecticides impact non-target insects at various stages of their development.

scholarly journals Health View to Decrease Negative Effect of High Heels Wearing: A Systemic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Meizi Wang ◽  
Ci Jiang ◽  
Gusztáv Fekete ◽  
Ee-Chon Teo ◽  
Yaodong Gu
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Review ◽  
Specific Information ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Heel Height ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Comfort Rating ◽  
High Heels ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

Effective recommendations about how to decrease adverse effects of high heels (HH) need to be provided, since wearing HH is inevitable for most women in their daily life, regardless of their negative impacts on the foot morphology. The main purpose of this systematic review was to summarize studies which have provided specific information about how to effectively offset the negative effects of wearing HH, in the case of women, by means of examining heel height, insole, and heel base support (HBS). Some evidence indicate the following: (i) the range of appropriate heel height for HH shoes is 3.76 cm to 4.47 cm; (ii) compared to small HBS, the larger ones effectively increase gait stability, reduce risk of ankle injury, and improve comfort rating during HH walking; and (iii) the use of a total contact insert (TCI) significantly decreases plantar pressure and the impact on the foot, resulting in higher perceived comfort. It must be noted that these results are based on short-term research; therefore, any conclusions with regard to effects in the long term should be taken with a grain of salt. Nevertheless, future studies should be aimed at combining numerical and experimental methods, in order to provide personal recommendations for HH shoes by considering heel height and HBS size, based on the individual characters (weight, height, and age).

Trust, Ethnicity and Integrity in East Africa: Experimental Evidence from Kenya and Tanzania

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominic Burbidge ◽  
Nic Cheeseman
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Diversity ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Common Knowledge ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Trust Games ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Experimental Games ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact ◽  
First Time

AbstractPolitical economy comparisons of Kenya and Tanzania have often found the political salience of ethnicity to be far higher in the former than the latter, with a negative impact on intercommunal trust. This difference has tended to be explained on the basis of the different kinds of leadership that the two countries experienced after independence. However, these findings have typically been demonstrated using aggregate or survey data. This paper assesses the salience of ethnicity at the individual level for the first time, deploying monetized two-round trust games in urban Kenya and Tanzania. The experimental games isolate the comparative impact of common knowledge of ethnicity and integrity among a quasi-random selection of 486 citizens. Verifying previous findings, we observe higher levels of trust and trustworthiness in Tanzania as compared with Kenya. Further, in comparison with Kenya, any shared knowledge of ethnic identities in Tanzania leads players to transfer fewer resources, while common knowledge that both players are “honest” led to higher transfers there than in Kenya. These results provide robust evidence of higher levels of trust in Tanzania, and of the negative effect in that country of common knowledge of ethnicity on levels of cooperation. The findings demonstrate the way in which political context can shape the impact of ethnic diversity, and encourage further experimental research that looks at the intersubjective dynamics of social cooperation.

Comparative study of the force action of harvester work tools on potato tubers

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 85-90
Author(s):  
Alexei Sibirev ◽  
Alexandr Aksenov ◽  
Alexei Dorokhov ◽  
Andrei Ponomarev
Keyword(s):  
Field Studies ◽  
Potato Tubers ◽  
Cultivation Conditions ◽  
Root Crops ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Working Bodies ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Separation Devices ◽  
The Impact

The quality of the separation of root crops, onions and potatoes is known to primarily depend on the cultivation conditions. As a rule, these cultures are cultivated in mechanically light soils in order to improve the quality of separation, as well as to reduce the traction resistance of the harvester when extracting the root crops from the soil. When harvesting the root crops, it is very important to maintain the soil in a loose (light) state to improve the quality of the separation. Due to the fact that in digging up the root crops, there is a joint flow of strong soil lumps to the separating working bodies, which are difficult to separate on the slit working bodies of the harvester, which increases damage to the root crops when interacting with the soil lumps, the commercial quality of the products is subsequently deteriorated. The existing potato harvesters damage the commercial products as a result of the interaction of the potato tubers with each other, with the working bodies and with the soil lumps. However, the greatest percentage of damage to potato tubers occurs as a result of their interaction with the working bodies of the harvester. Field studies were conducted to determine the places of the greatest impact of the individual working bodies of the potato harvesters and to carry out subsequent actions for the elimination of these negative impacts in the design of the harvesters. This article presents a methodology for conducting field studies on the assessment of the impact of the working bodies on the scale of damage to potato tubers when harvesting. The results of the comparative studies of the impact of the working bodies of modern potato harvesters, which damage the potato tubers as a result of the interaction with them are presented. We have determined that the greatest scale of impact on the potato tubers during the mechanised harvesting is observed as the transition from the main elevator to the secondary separation devices takes place, irrespective of the design and technological scheme of the harvester, and reaches its minimum value from 6.5 N for the Bolko harvester to 21 N for the AVR-Spirit-6200 harvester.

Effects of the Allelochemical, α-tomatine, on the Soybean Looper (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 376-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Gallardo ◽  
D. J. Boethel
Keyword(s):  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Larval Growth ◽  
Developmental Time ◽  
Pupal Weight ◽  
Larval Weight ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
Soybean Looper ◽  
Neonate Larvae ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

To determine the impact of the allelochemical, α-tomatine, on the soybean looper, Pseudoplusia includens (Walker), various concentrations (0.001 to 0.10% wet weight of diet [wwt]) were added to an artificial diet. Neonate larvae were fed on the diet to determine effects on larval weight, developmental time, mortality, and pupal weight. Longer development times were observed at the higher concentrations (0.05 and 0.10% wwt). Larval mortality at 0.10% α–tomatine was signficantly greater (P ≤ 0.05) than all other concentrations. Larval weight was decreased by concentrations of α-tomatine above 0.005% wwt. A linear regression (Y = 217.8 - 2089.5 X, r2 = 0.90) described the relationship between larval growth and α-tomatine concentrations. The effective dose to reduce larval weight by 50% was calculated (ED50 = 0.048% wwt) and then validated in a subsequent experiment. In that study, a significant reduction (P ≤ 0.05) in mean body weight of 10- and 12-day-old larvae was obtained when larvae were fed diet containing the ED50 dose of α-tomatine. Percent growth relative to controls ranged from 56.1 to 52.1% at 6 and 12 days, respectively.

scholarly journals Impact of the European Working Time Directive on trainees and trainers 3 years post-implementation

2013 ◽  
Vol 37 (9) ◽  
pp. 286-289
Author(s):  
Farshad Shaddel ◽  
Subimal Banerjee
Keyword(s):  
Working Time ◽  
European Working Time Directive ◽  
Junior Doctors ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
European Working ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Working Time Directive ◽  
The Impact

Aims and methodTo assess the views of trainees and trainers of the impact of the European Working Time Directive (EWTD). The study was conducted in two stages. First, a qualitative survey of trainees and trainers in the Oxford Deanery was carried out on the positive and negative aspects of the EWTD to identify key areas. Second, a self-completed questionnaire was developed separately for trainees and trainers and the results collated. Twenty trainers and nineteen trainees took part in the study.ResultsAbout 70% of trainees and trainers were aware of the EWTD objectives. Ninety per cent of trainers and 30% of trainees believed that the introduction of the EWTD was a negative development. Compared with 42% of trainees, 80% of trainers believed that the EWTD had not improved the quality of care and instead had a negative effect on doctor–patient alliance and continuity of care. Although 53% of trainees believed that the quality of training was not compromised by the introduction of the EWTD, 84% of trainers thought otherwise. Less hands-on experience and some doctors' roles being given to other professionals were the most stated negative impacts of the EWTD on the quality of doctors' training. Positive effects of the EWTD from both trainees' and trainers' points of view were a better work-life balance and less burnout for junior doctors.Clinical implicationsThe EWTD may not have been successful in achieving all of its intended objectives. Further studies on different sample groups would help clarify the wider impact of the EWTD.

Survival and Abundance of Young Atlantic Cod (Gadus morhua) and Haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus) as Indicators of Year-class Strength

1989 ◽  
Vol 46 (S1) ◽  
pp. s171-s182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven E. Campana ◽  
Kenneth T. Frank ◽  
Peter C. F. Hurley ◽  
Peter A. Koeller ◽  
Fred H. Page ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Gadus Morhua ◽  
Atlantic Cod ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Larval Growth ◽  
Melanogrammus Aeglefinus ◽  
Larval Abundance ◽  
Life History Stage ◽  
Spawning Site ◽  
Haddock Melanogrammus Aeglefinus

To identify the life history stage(s) most influential in determining yearclass strength, we constructed and analyzed survival curves of the 1983, 1984, and 1985 cohorts of cod and haddock off Southwest Nova Scotia relative to their physical and biological environment. Relative abundance of each Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) and haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus) yearclass was not reflected by egg or larval abundance in any year examined. However, abundance of both pelagic and settled juveniles did appear to reflect yearclass strength. Egg and larval mortality could not be consistently linked with advection from the spawning site, and did not covary with subsequent recruitment. In both species, mortality between the larval and juvenile stage was inversely correlated with yearclass strength, but sources of the mortality could not be identified. Larval growth was inversely related to mortality of the early larval stage and independent of larval abundance. However, juvenile growth was proportional to mortality and inversely related to abundance. Despite early life coexistence and similarities in spawning time and location, the relative yearclass strengths of cod and haddock in Southwest Nova Scotia were different, suggesting that the timing of local physical and biological events may play an important role in the recruitment success of these stocks.

Status, stress and fit: comparing the faculty stress impact of university consolidations

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 289-300
Author(s):  
Saundra J. Ribando ◽  
Catherine P. Slade ◽  
C. Kevin Fortner
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Organizational Performance ◽  
Higher Education Policy ◽  
University Administrators ◽  
Content Type ◽  
University Mergers ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Faculty Stress ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

PurposeInstitutions of higher education face challenges of fiscal responsibility and their value proposition for students and other stakeholders they serve. Strategies used in business sectors, such as merger and acquisition, are being increasingly adopted by higher education governing boards, especially for public institutions and systems. The purpose of this paper is to guide policy decisions related to university mergers.Design/methodology/approachThis paper focuses on the interplay between the pre-merger status of the institution, the individual faculty member's sense of belonging, and their commitment to the organization on levels of job-related stress, which has well-established negative impacts on individual and organizational performance. Using survey data collected at the same time post-merger from two different universities within the same state system, we explore regression models to identify similarities and differences between the faculty responses in terms of the impact of the merger on faculty stress.FindingsDifferences are found between the two universities in terms of faculty stress with faculty of one low status institution pre-merger having significantly higher stress post-merger. A case is presented for differences in stress based on a part on differences in how the mergers were managed at the system and university levels.Practical implicationsThis research is instructive for higher education policy makers and university administrators as the institution of higher education continues this type of transformation.Originality/valueThis paper examines the impact of mergers on a university's single-most important asset, faculty. Comparative and timely faculty survey results from two related universities early post-merger provide valuable insights for leaders in higher education.

scholarly journals Addressing academic rejection: Recommendations for reform

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 302-312
Author(s):  
Kelly-Ann Allen ◽  
◽  
Gregory M. Donoghue Dr ◽  
Saeed Pahlevansharif Dr ◽  
Shane R. Jimerson Professor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Impacts ◽  
Effective Learning ◽  
Health And Wellbeing ◽  
The Core ◽  
Vast Literature ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Systemic Support ◽  
The Impact

The aim of this paper is to provide a number of reasoned and evidence-supported arguments and a list of recommendations for reducing the impact of academic rejection. A brief literature review examined the prevalence and negative impacts of academic rejection including its purported purposes, predictors, and consequences. Findings revealed that the topic of academic rejection is largely under-studied, with very few empirical investigations. The extant literature typically places the onus on the individual academic to deal with rejection. Few articles have recommended institutional changes to ameliorate the known mental health impacts of rejection. We propose that the discovery and dissemination of knowledge are among the core purposes of academia, and that scholars are far more likely to contribute through institutional and systemic support. Several elements of the current approaches are contraindicated, thus, we recommend several changes, at both the individual and institutional levels to reduce opportunity costs for grants and funding, improve the publication process, and promote academics’ mental health and wellbeing. When examining academic rejection through the lens of effective learning, the vast literature of feedback can support important changes to how publications are accepted and rejected. Considering the limited literature pertaining to academic rejection, we present recommendations for changes in how academic performance can be evaluated, for the benefit of both the academy and the mental health of its members.

scholarly journals Impact of dentofacial esthetics in self-esteem. A review of the literature.

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-27
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Cofré ◽  
Katherine Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
Interpersonal Communication ◽  
Social Relationships ◽  
National Level ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Psychosocial Disorders ◽  
Dental Esthetics ◽  
Self Image ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

At the national level, it is considered that around half of 12-year-old children have some type of malocclusion. This problem gives rise to negative functional and esthetic consequences that produce a dissatisfaction in the individual, which is related to the severity of the dental irregularities. Even so, there are differences in their recognition and evaluation, given that it is not uncommon to observe some patients with severe malocclusions who are satisfied with their dental esthetics. Physical and facial appearance play a fundamental role in interpersonal communication; therefore, malocclusion can have a negative effect on social relationships, affecting the self-image and self-esteem of individuals. The objective of this article is to describe the results reported in the literature about the impact of dentofacial esthetics on self-esteem. Evidence about the impact of malocclusions and their relationship with general self-esteem and psychosocial disorders of dentofacial esthetics is varied; there is no direct association between these three measurements in all cases. Below, we present some interesting studies and evidence. The studies reveal the association that exists between malocclusion, general self-esteem and psychosocial disorders in relation to dentofacial esthetics. The majority of studies are in adolescent populations at the national and international level. This clearly shows the lack of studies in young or university age populations, which is of interest in dentistry and public health.

scholarly journals No evidence for negative impacts of acute sulfoxaflor exposure on bee olfactory conditioning or working memory

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e7208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harry Siviter ◽  
Alfie Scott ◽  
Grégoire Pasquier ◽  
Christopher D. Pull ◽  
Mark J.F. Brown ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Mode Of Action ◽  
Bombus Terrestris ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Olfactory Conditioning ◽  
Systemic Insecticides ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Neonicotinoid Pesticides ◽  
The Impact

Systemic insecticides such as neonicotinoids and sulfoximines can be present in the nectar and pollen of treated crops, through which foraging bees can become acutely exposed. Research has shown that acute, field realistic dosages of neonicotinoids can negatively influence bee learning and memory, with potential consequences for bee behaviour. As legislative reassessment of neonicotinoid use occurs globally, there is an urgent need to understand the potential risk of other systemic insecticides. Sulfoxaflor, the first branded sulfoximine-based insecticide, has the same mode of action as neonicotinoids, and may potentially replace them over large geographical ranges. Here we assessed the impact of acute sulfoxaflor exposure on performance in two paradigms that have previously been used to illustrate negative impacts of neonicotinoid pesticides on bee learning and memory. We assayed whether acute sulfoxaflor exposure influences (a) olfactory conditioning performance in both bumblebees (Bombus terrestris) and honeybees (Apis mellifera), using a proboscis extension reflex assay, and (b) working memory performance of bumblebees, using a radial-arm maze. We found no evidence to suggest that sulfoxaflor influenced performance in either paradigm. Our results suggest that despite a shared mode of action between sulfoxaflor and neonicotinoid-based insecticides, widely-documented effects of neonicotinoids on bee cognition may not be observed with sulfoxaflor, at least at acute exposure regimes.

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