scholarly journals XI. Remarks on colour-blindness

1860 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 72-84 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
General Education ◽  
Colour Vision ◽  
Habits Of Mind ◽  
Valuable Contribution ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Colour Blindness

I consider this paper as in many respects an exceedingly valuable contribution to our knowledge of the curious subject ot colour-blindness—1st, because it is the only clear and consecutive account of that affection which has yet been given by a party affected, in possession of a knowledge of what has yet been said and written on it by others, and of the theories advanced to account for it, and who, from general education and habits of mind, is in a position to discuss his own case scientifically; and 2ndly, for the reasons the author himself alleges why such a person is really more favourably situated for describing the phenomena of colour-blindness, than any normaleyed person can possibly be. It is obvious that on the very same principle that the latter considers himself entitled to refer all his perceptions of colour to three primary or elementary sensations—whether these three be red, blue, and yellow, as Mayer (followed in this respect by the generality of those who have written on colours) has done, or red, green, and violet, as suggested by Dr. Young, reasoning on Wollaston’s account of the appearance of the spectrum to his eyes—on the very same principle is a person in Mr. Pole’s condition, or one of any other description of abnormal colour-vision, quite equally entitled to be heard, when he declares that he refers his sensations of colour to two primary elements, whose combination in various proportions he recognizes, or thinks he recognizes, in all hues presented to him, and which, if he pleases to call yellow and blue, no one can gainsay him; though, whether these terms express to him the same sensations they suggest to us, or whether his sensation of light with absence of colour corresponds to our white, is a question which must for ever remain open (although I think it probable that such is really the case). All we are entitled to require on receiving such testimony is, that the party giving it should have undergone that sort of education of the sight and judgement , especially with reference to the prismatic decomposition of natural and artificial colours, for want of which the generality of persons whose vision is unimpeachably normal, appear to entertain very confused notions, and are quite incapable of discussing the subject of colour in a manner satisfactory to the photologist.

VII.—A New Method of investigating Colour Blindness, with a Description of Twenty-three Cases

1923 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 75-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Houstoum
Keyword(s):  
Colour Vision ◽  
Extreme Case ◽  
Original Method ◽  
Colour Perception ◽  
Homogeneous Population ◽  
Normal Colour ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Colour Blindness ◽  
Trained Observers ◽  
The University

During the past four years I have been conducting surveys of the colour vision of students in the University of Glasgow. The first survey was made by a colour-perception spectrometer very similar to Dr Edridge-Green's instrument, and embraced 79 observers. The second survey was made by Dr Edridge-Green's bead test, and embraced 100 observers. The third survey, carried out in collaboration with Miss Margaret A. Dunlop, was made by an original method, called here for short the microscope test, and embraced 1000 observers. At present there are two other surveys under progress. The object of these surveys is to find a numerical method of specifying goodness of colour vision; to see, by the application of statistical methods, whether the colour blind fall naturally into groups or are merely outliers of a homogeneous population; to find whether colour blindness is a Mendelian characteristic for men and merely an extreme case of normal variation for women; and to throw light on the subject of colour vision generally. Consequently, the normal have been investigated with as much care as the colour blind. But in the course of the four years I have made the acquaintance of many trained observers with abnormal colour vision, and have been possessed with an ever-growing desire to know exactly, irrespective of all theory, what was the matter with their colour vision. In spite of the vast literature on the subject, the tests generally have been of a very superficial nature, and unsatisfactory to the man with mathematical instincts. As these abnormal cases were beginning to leave the University, I addressed myself last spring to the problem of finding a method of testing which would describe their condition independent of theory, and, indeed, independent of words. This paper describes how the problem was solved, and gives data for twenty-three cases of colour blindness, four of normal colour vision, and one case of exceptionally good colour vision.

Social innovation for modified consumption by means of the school subject Art and craft

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anita NEUBERG
Keyword(s):  
General Education ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Social Innovation ◽  
School Subject ◽  
Art And Design ◽  
The Core ◽  
Causal Mechanisms ◽  
The Subject

In this paper I will take a look at how one can facilitate the change in consumption through social innovation, based on the subject of art and design in Norwegian general education. This paper will give a presentation of books, featured relevant articles and formal documents put into context to identify different causal mechanisms around our consumption. The discussion will be anchored around the resources and condition that must be provided to achieve and identify opportunities for action under the subject of Art and craft, a subject in Norwegian general education with designing at the core of the subject, ages 6–16. The question that this paper points toward is: "How can we, based on the subject of Art and craft in primary schools, facilitate the change in consumption through social innovation?”

THE COLOUR VISION DEFICIENCIES AMONG STUDENTS OF HUE SECONDARY SCHOOL OF TRANSPORTATION

2013 ◽  
pp. 76-81
Author(s):  
Thi Anh Thu Nguyen ◽  
Thi Mai Dung Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Secondary School ◽  
Colour Vision ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Visual Disabilities ◽  
Occupation Group ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Colour Blindness ◽  
Critical Requirement

Background: Colorblind disability causes difficulties for people in daily life. Derived from the critical requirement to detect the patients in order to help prevent inappropriate careers, especially careers related to transportation, this research aim to determine the situations and the distributions of different types of visual disabilities. Materials: 1174 students (787 boys and 387 girls) including 2 groups: occupation group and transportation group were tested with ISHIHARA chromatic plates for colour vision deficiencies (CVD) (CVD iclude the total colour blindness, red- green blindness, red-blindness, green- blindness). The results are showed as follow: (i) Frequency of CVD boys among boy group is 4.70%; (ii) Frequency of CVD girls among girls group is 2.58%; (iii) In boy group, among 3 types of red- green blindness, the green-blindness has the higher frequency (3.18%) comparision with these ones of the red- green blindness and red-blindness. The total colour defiency was hardly; (iv) Frequency of CVD students among occupation group is 4.15%; (v) Frequency of CVD students among transportation group is 3.83%.

Inclusive education of children with disabilities psychological and pedagogical support of preschool children with visual impairments

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lyubov' Plaksina ◽  
Liliya Druzhinina ◽  
Larisa Osipova
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
General Education ◽  
Inclusive Education ◽  
Visual Impairments ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Spatial Environment ◽  
The Subject ◽  
State Educational ◽  
Children With Visual Impairments

The textbook deals with theoretical and methodological issues of inclusive education of children with visual impairments. Clinical, psychological and pedagogical characteristics of preschool children with visual impairments are given. The features of the organization of the subject-spatial environment, the correctional orientation of general education classes are shown. Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation. For students of higher educational institutions studying in the areas of training "Special (defectological) education", "Psychological and pedagogical education" , for students of advanced training and retraining courses in the field of special and inclusive education.

scholarly journals Interactive Multi-Sensory Environments for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vytautas Zalys
Keyword(s):  
General Education ◽  
Digital Technology ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Case Study Method ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Hand Coordination ◽  
Traditional Approaches ◽  
Audio Video ◽  
The Impact

The emerging of digital technology not only encourages the development of new tools but also changes traditional approaches to solving emerging problems. The sound, music, art, colors, etc. that prevailed in the 20th-century forms of therapy are being replaced by integrated systems that overcome many of these forms, thanks to digital technology. With the increasing number of people with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in the world, such systems provide new opportunities for the treatment of these disorders. In this research, the creation of such a system has been chosen as the object of work. The article presents an interactive tool for the education of children with ASD created by audio, video, and computer technologies and assesses its potential impact. The experimental research and its results are presented. This study aims to evaluate an interactive instrument developed for the education of such children. Following the objectives of ensuring the interactivity of the process, provoking all the perceptions of the subject, and developing the subject's ability to respond to the environment, a personalized audiovisual environment was created. For interactivity, the virtual program EyeCon, Webcam and camcorders, video projector, and speaker system were used. The study was conducted with one subject and a case study method was used. The impact of the instrument was established based on a survey of the parents of the child and the findings of childcare experts. The results of the study demonstrated the positive benefits for this child such as increased eye-to-hand coordination, concentration duration, improved communication, and emotional expression. The results obtained show that such interactive multi-sensory environments in special and general education schools can be a supplemental tool for traditional methods.

scholarly journals To the Question of the Relevance of Updating School Environmental Education

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 112-120
Author(s):  
Sabrekova Maria S. ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Environmental Education ◽  
General Education ◽  
Primary School ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Education Development ◽  
School Subjects ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Ecological Culture

The article is devoted to the analysis of the scientific and philosophical thought development, which served as a challenge to the renewal of the content of environmental education at the beginning of the XXI century. The analysis of the stages of domestic environmental education development, its content from the point of view of reflection in it of relations between society and nature is carried out. A new stage in the environmental education development in the 21st century is associated with the spread of ideas of sustainable development, which determine the transformation of all spheres of human culture. The article provides examples of tasks that currently exist in the educational literature for one of the primary school subjects, and a variant of their change from the standpoint of environmental education in the interests of sustainable development is proposed. The modern literature on the methodology of teaching the subject “The World Around” in primary school is considered from the point of view of the representation of the content of environmental education in it. The author comes to the conclusion about the insufficiency of the natural science orientation of environmental education for the formation of students’ ideas about the environmental imperative – a key category for understanding the conditions for harmonizing nature, society and the world of things. Based on the analysis performed, a conclusion was made about the relevance of updating the content of school environmental education. It is substantiated that this will contribute to the achievement of its planned result – the formation of a modern ecological culture among students. Keywords: general education, environmental education, educational content, environmental imperative, environmental culture

scholarly journals Co-production for or against the university: student loneliness and the commodification of impact in COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fred Cooper ◽  
Charlotte Jones
Keyword(s):  
Systems Of Care ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Multidisciplinary Research ◽  
Valuable Contribution ◽  
Research Project ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The University ◽  
Academic Year

PurposeThis paper explores the dissonance between co-production and expectations of impact in a research project on student loneliness over the 2019/2020 academic year. Specific characteristics of the project – the subject matter, interpolation of a global respiratory pandemic, informal systems of care that arose among students and role of the university in providing the context and funding for the research – brought co-production into heightened tension with the instrumentalisation of project outputs.Design/methodology/approachThe project consisted of a series of workshops, research meetings and mixed-methods online journalling between 2019 and 2020. This paper is primarily a critical reflection on that research, based on observations by and conversations between the authors, together with discourse analysis of research data.FindingsThe authors argue that co-producing research with students on university contexts elevates existing tensions between co-production and institutional valuations of impact, that co-production with students who had experienced loneliness made necessary space for otherwise absent support and care, that the responsibility to advocate for evidence and co-researchers came into friction with how the university felt the research could be useful and that each of these converging considerations are interconnected symptoms of the ongoing marketisation of HE.Originality/valueThis paper provides a novel analysis of co-production, impact and higher education in the context of an original research project with specific challenges and constraints. It is a valuable contribution to methodological literatures on co-production, multidisciplinary research into student loneliness and reflexive work on the difficult uses of evidence in university contexts.

Application and importance of the subject "fundamentals of economy" to geography

ANCIENT LAND ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 04 (02) ◽  
pp. 31-34
Author(s):  
Mahirə Adil qızı Cabbarova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
General Education ◽  
Economic Knowledge ◽  
Human History ◽  
Main Field ◽  
Simple Complex ◽  
School Practice ◽  
Modern School ◽  
Attention Economy ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Consumption Demand

Geography is taught in general education schools in an integrated manner with many sciences. The integration of geography with economics attracts more attention. Economy has been the main field of human activity since the early days of human history. The teaching of economic knowledge to students has been in different forms in different years. The study and strengthening of knowledge related to economics is carried out in modern school practice in accordance with the principle of simple-complex. Key words: production, consumption, demand, supply, wages, division of labor, economy

A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study to Estimate the Prevalence and Sex Distribution of Colour Vision Deficiency among School Going Children Attending a Tertiary Eye Care Center in Kolkata City, West Bengal, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (32) ◽  
pp. 2962-2967
Author(s):  
Rinki Saha ◽  
Indrajit Sarkar ◽  
Tamojit Chatterjee ◽  
Sandip Samaddar ◽  
Suman Chandra Sen
Keyword(s):  
School Children ◽  
Colour Vision ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sex Distribution ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Colour Vision Deficiency ◽  
Cone Pigments ◽  
Normal Colour ◽  
Colour Blindness

BACKGROUND Colour vision is a function of three types of cone pigments present in the retina. Colour vision deficiency is an important disorder of vision that may pose a handicap to the performance of an affected individual. The prevalence of colour blindness varies in different geographical areas. The identification and estimation of the prevalence of colour vision deficiency in school-going children will help to educate and guide the caregivers to help the children in selecting their profession. This study was done to estimate the prevalence, sex distribution, and types of colour vision deficiency among school-going children of 5 to 15 years. METHODS A cross-sectional observational study was done among 500 students to evaluate the colour vision during the period from 1st January 2018 to 30th June 2019 at the Regional Institute of Ophthalmology, Kolkata. Ishihara’s pseudo isochromatic colour vision chart 38th edition was used to assess the school children for colour vision status. The children who were found to be colour blind were further classified into degree and types of colour vision deficiency. RESULTS A total of 500 students (250 male & 250 female) of surrounding schools, in the age group of 5 years to 15 years, were screened. 480 students (96 %) had normal colour vision while 20 (4 %) students were found to have defective colour vision. Prevalence (4 %) for colour blindness was found to be higher in males (3.6 %) than females (0.4 %). It was observed that out of 20 (4 %) colour-blind subjects 3.6 % were protanopes and 0.4 % were deuteranopes. CONCLUSIONS The present study shows the prevalence of colour blindness found to be quite low (4 %) and more common in males (3.6 %) in comparison to females (0.4 %). Protanomaly (3.6 %) was more common than deuteranomaly (0.4 %). KEYWORDS Colour Blindness, Protanomaly, Deuteranomaly, School Children

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