scholarly journals VI. On the determination of a ship’s place from observations of altitude

1871 ◽  
Vol 19 (123-129) ◽  
pp. 259-266 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
As If

The ingenious and excellent idea of calculating the longitude from two different assumed latitudes with one altitude, marking off on a chart the points thus found, drawing a line through them, and concluding that the ship was somewhere on that line at the time of the observation, is due to Captain T. H. Sumner. It is now well known to practical navigators. It is described in good books on navigation, as, for instance, Raper’s (§§ 1009-1014). Were it not for the additional trouble of calculating a second triangle, this method ought to be universally used, instead of the ordinary practice of calculating a single position, with the most probable latitude taken as if it were the true latitude.

The Perchloric Method for the Determination of Sulfur in Rubber

1934 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 730-735
Author(s):  
Ernest Kahane
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Perchloric Acid ◽  
Organic Substance ◽  
Present Author ◽  
General Idea ◽  
Organic Substances ◽  
Gutta Percha ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
As If

Abstract The problem of the determination of sulfur in rubber has been dealt with extensively in the literature, and it seems as if discussions and descriptions of new technic are nowhere nearly ended yet. The determination is so essential, and its rapid and precise execution is of such importance in industrial technic, that efforts in this direction should not be regarded as wasted. In 1926 and in 1927 Le Caoutchouc et La Gutta-Percha contained two articles in which the present author discussed the conditions of the determination of sulfur in rubber and then proposed the use of a new oxidizing mixture, not mentioned previous to that time, which involved the destruction of organic substances by perchloric acid. This method consisted simply in the attack on a 1-gram sample of rubber by 10 cc. of nitric acid (d. 1.39) and 5 cc. of perchloric acid (d. 1.61). Upon heating, attack by the nitric acid takes place, and this is followed by evaporation of the excess nitric acid, then at a little higher temperature there is an attack by the perchloric acid, which oxidizes the rest of the organic substance completely. This publication was concerned much more, in the determination of sulfur by the perchloric method, with the general idea of the destruction of organic substances than it was with the precise details of carrying it out. The technic had been studied somewhat superficially, as is shown by the text of the article itself.

scholarly journals Historic income versus inflation-adjusted income in the dividend decision

1986 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 119-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. P. Du Plessis ◽  
A. A. Archer ◽  
J. F. Affleck-Graves
Keyword(s):  
Research Design ◽  
Dividend Policy ◽  
Explanatory Power ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Regression Approach ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
A Company ◽  
As If

An attempt is made to determine to what extent companies take into account the effects of inflation in formulating their dividend decisions. The research design incorporates a two-stage regression approach which permits a determination of the incremental explanatory power of collinear variables. The research findings suggest that dividend decisions are best explained in terms of historic earnings. It therefore appears as if management does not take the effects of inflation into account in formulating dividend policy. This could have serious implications for the survival of a company because it could result in a real dividend cover of less than one.

scholarly journals Spines and homologues in ‘araphid’ diatoms

2019 ◽  
Vol 152 (2) ◽  
pp. 150-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Comparative Biology ◽  
Molecular Trees ◽  
As If

Background and aims – Many diatoms have spines on the surface of their valves. These structures differ from one taxon to another. Are all these spines the same? Are they homologues of one another? This paper sets out to explore some of the issues surrounding the determination of homologues with reference to members of Fragilariaceae. Methods – A variety of spines from species in Fragilariaceae are examined (in the SEM) and position on the valve documented relative to those already recorded in the literature. Key results – Spines that occur on the valves of some ‘araphid’ diatoms in Fragilariaceae can be interpreted in the light of where they are found. Spines that occur on the virgae can be thought of as modifications of that structure; spines that occur on the vimines can be thought of as modifications of that structure – the two kinds of spines are not homologues of each other. The term ‘spine’, on its own, is not useful for understanding taxon relationships; the term ‘spine’ is not even a character in the comparative biology sense but a descriptive catch-all for something that simply ‘sticks out from a surface’. Conclusions – Systematic characters, those applicable to comparative biology, are modifications of other characters and so are, in one sense, like taxonomies: hierarchical. A consequence of this is that plotting morphological characters on molecular trees of relationships is a futile endeavour – treating characters and their modifications, as if they are static (unit) features of a non-changing entity, is book-keeping not science.

Realisation of Self and Power

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Didier Debaise
Keyword(s):  
Final State ◽  
Actual Entity ◽  
End Point ◽  
Generic Term ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Universe ◽  
As If

The process of individuation has an end. The passage from disjunctive diversity to the unity of a new entity embodied by the subject has a conclusion, namely, the effective realisation of the entity, its full actualisation. This end point of individuation is reached following the determination of every positive and negative prehension of the entity, that is, when all of its relations with other entities have been established. It is, then, fully a perspective, a being-situated in the universe, a junction between and a unity of everything that exists. It attains, in its final state of concrescence, what Whitehead calls ‘satisfaction’. This ‘satisfaction’ is not a common end, identifiable with all the others, as if there were a pre-existing finality in individuation that would be actualised in a particular manner. It is ‘a generic term: there are specific differences between the “satisfactions” of different entities, including gradations of intensity’ (PR, 84). In the same way that every prehension is singular and belongs to the subjective orientation of every actual entity, the end of an entity is specific, it is that end for that entity.

Geist als Kultur?

2008 ◽  
Vol 2008 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Herbert Schnädelbach
Keyword(s):  
Broad Sense ◽  
Central Concept ◽  
Absolute Idealism ◽  
Philosophy Of Culture ◽  
As If

Hegel’s central concept of „spirit“ has been repeatedly misinterpreted, as if it stood for spiritualist metaphysics or even a subjective idealism. Hegel’s use of this term apparently needs translating, whereby in the context of his early writings up to The Phenomenology of Mind, the term „culture“ seems like a good equivalent, although it was not available to Hegel in its present-day broad sense. This possibility is admittedly limited by Hegel’s later determination of mind and nature, which we are not able to follow without transforming his absolute idealism into a speculative idealism, but this does not come into question as a possibility for a philosophy of culture.

scholarly journals STRATEGI PROMOSI MELALUI MEDIA PERIKLANAN DESA WISATA KUBU GADANG KOTA PADANG PANJANG

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 113
Author(s):  
Nindy Eka Putri ◽  
Silfeni Silfeni ◽  
Feri Ferdian
Keyword(s):  
Print Media ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Picture Quality ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Promotion Strategy ◽  
Purposive Sampling ◽  
Snowball Sampling Technique ◽  
As If

The purpose of this research is to analyze the promotion strategy through advertising media at Desa Wisata Kubu Gadang Kota Padang Panjang view from 3 indicator: print media, electronic media, outdoor media. The research is a descriptive qualitative with survey method. Determination of informant using purposive sampling and snowball sampling. The purposive sampling technique involving 2 informant from tourism govermant and 2 informant from desa wisata Kubu Gadang Kota Padang Panjang manager then snowball sampling technique involving 3 informant from desa wisata Kubu Gadang Kota Padang Panjang visitor. Technique of collecting data is done by interview, observation, and documentation. The results of this study indicate that: 1) the strength of promotion advertising are: news paper easy to get, the picture quality on brochure have a good and interesting, radio can be heard anywhere, television give information through sound and picture, desa wisata Kubu Gadang also have a website and a big billboard with a perfect lighting. 2) the weakness of promotion advertising are: there was no promotion through a brochure, there was no update on the Kubu Gadang’s website, the billboard was vulnerable of damage. 3) the opportunities of promotion advertising are: there are many people who still interest to read the newspaper and brochure, there are many people who interest of internet using, many people can see the outdoor media as if billboard and baliho. 4) the threats of promotion advertising are: there are competitor through print media, television and outdoor media. The conclusion of The promotion strategy through advertising media at Desa Wisata Kubu Gadang Kota Padang Panjang is 1) making use of print media for promotion, 2) to increase the promotion thourgh radio, television and website/internet, 3) making advertising through outdoor media as if billboard and baliho.

PRICES AND WAGES IN ENGLAND on and was presumably connected with an agreement of a new type made with the College baker in 1718. In place of receiving a stipend, he was to be paid 1s. 1d. for baking a bushel of wheat ground at the College mill. The addition of one sixteenth to the local bushel did not affect corn rents delivered in kind, since these continued to be mea-sured by the College bushel, but it involved a raising of rents against any tenant who had been commuting rents at the local bushel prices. After the College bushel was replaced by the local bushel in the determination of Pretia (1781) and allocation prices (1787) it was apparently kept in use for buying malt, for receipt of corn rents such as malt from Stub¬ bington which continued to be paid in kind. The note from the Corn Book of 1777–81, cited above, as to the new valuation at Allington adds that “ Stubbington remains in its original state.” The purchase of malt by the College bushel was probably a concession made by the maltsters but in 1785 it is noted that the College maltsters have charged 6s. 2d. per bushel for the last three quarters of the year (while Pretia were at 6s.) and that the College bushel is larger than the local bushel. It is in accord with this continued use of the College bushel for malt rent and purchases, even after the standard eight-gallon bushel had been introduced for grain generally, that the rent and purchase prices for malt remain materially above the Pretia for malt, to the end of the series in 1817 ; the prices actually tabulated for malt represent Pretia, since purchases are confused with rents in the Staurum account for the Brewery. It has been assumed that purchases of oatmeal were made by the local bushel and prices have been reduced throughout by 1/9; but this is not of great practical importance, as the price became rigid at 80s. per (local) quarter after 1770. Since salt, as well as oatmeal, was supplied by the corn chandler it, too, was probably measured by the local bushel. It may be added that in 1789 a note states that 1s. 6d. per bushel for tax is to be deducted (from the Pretia) in making up the corn (i.e. malt) rents. The tax in force at this time was 1s. 4 1/2d.per bushel, and comparison of prices shows that in 1783(1) only 1s. 4 1/2d. per bushel had been deducted. This looks as if till 1789 or at least till 1783

2013 ◽  
pp. 78-78
Keyword(s):  
Practical Importance ◽  
Original State ◽  
Great Practical Importance ◽  
New Type ◽  
Continued Use ◽  
As If

Part II Jurisdiction, 7 Jurisdiction: General Principles

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hartley Trevor C
Keyword(s):  
Member State ◽  
Special Kind ◽  
Basic Structure ◽  
Exclusive Jurisdiction ◽  
Intellectual Achievement ◽  
General Aspects ◽  
The Eu ◽  
As If

This chapter deals with the general aspects of jurisdiction. It focuses on Brussels 2012 and Lugano 2007, since Hague is concerned only with one special kind of jurisdiction. It shows that Brussels 2012 and Lugano 2007 are highly structured instruments. They have been carefully designed to provide a system of jurisdiction which enables the EU to function almost as if it were a single juridical unit. Though it has its flaws, it nevertheless constitutes a remarkable intellectual achievement. The discussions cover the theory of jurisdiction, exclusive and non-exclusive jurisdiction, the basic structure of Brussels and Lugano, determination of domicile under Brussels and Lugano, concept of residence under Hague, determination of domicile under UK law, nationality, declarations of non-liability (negative declarations); and the courts ‘for a place’ and the courts ‘of a Member State’.

V. The waves on a rotating liquid spheroid of finite ellipticity

1889 ◽  
Vol 45 (273-279) ◽  
pp. 42-45 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Angular Velocity ◽  
Differential Equations ◽  
Laplace’S Equation ◽  
Laplace's Equation ◽  
Suitable Solution ◽  
Rotating Liquid ◽  
The Waves ◽  
Hydrodynamical Problem ◽  
As If

The hydrodynamical problem of finding the waves or oscillations on a gravitating mass of liquid which when undisturbed is rotating as if rigid with finite angular velocity in the form of an ellipsoid or spheroid, was first successfully attacked by M. Poincaré in 1885. In his important memoir “Sur l’Équilibre d’une Masse fluide animée d’un Mouvement de Rotation,” Poincaré has (§ 13) obtained the differential equations for the oscillations of rotating liquid, and shown that by a transformation of projection, the determination of the oscillations of any particular period is reducible to finding a suitable solution of Laplace’s equation.

scholarly journals The solubility of xenon, krypton, argon, neon, and helium in water

1910 ◽  
Vol 83 (565) ◽  
pp. 474-482 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Rare Gases ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Solubility Of Gases ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Local Supersaturation ◽  
As If

The rare gases of the atmosphere are more than any others entitled to justify the hope that simple laws for the solubility of gases in liquids may be found; because they are monatomic; and also because there is no risk of complication owing to the formation of compounds with the solvent. For this reason Sir William Ramsay suggested to Th. Estreieher that he should investigate the solubility of argon and helium in water; and last year he was kind enough to place at my disposal a sufficient quantity of xenon, krypton, and neon, so as to enable me to examine the solubility of these rare gases. There were about 8 c. c. of pure neon and about 300 c. c. each of xenon and krypton, which were prepared by Sir W. Ramsay and R. B. Moore by fractionating the residue of distillation of over 100,000 litres of liquid air. About 10 c. c. of each gas was sufficient for the determination of its solubility. First Apparatus . —Two different methods for the determination of solubility were employed. In order to carry out exact experiments with the least possible quantity of gas, the first apparatus, which was used only to determine the solubility of xenon, was built somewhat on the principle of Bunsen’s absorptiometer, inasmuch as the burette was used as the absorbing vessel. The liquid was stirred by dropping mercury; and the levels were read at various pressures. Saturation was reached at 40° to 50°C. within about 10 minutes, but at 0°C. it was complete only after five or six hours. The long time required was one reason for rejecting the first form of apparatus for the other experiments; moreover, when saturation was reached, and even earlier, bubbles of gas, which adhered to the glass and prevented accurate readings, constantly rose from the surface of the mercury as if there were local supersaturation.

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