scholarly journals A new approach to gas sensing with nanotechnology

2012 ◽  
Vol 370 (1967) ◽  
pp. 2448-2473 ◽  
Author(s):  
Swati Sharma ◽  
Marc Madou
Keyword(s):  
Low Power ◽  
Gas Sensor ◽  
Lower Cost ◽  
Gas Sensing ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Oxide Semiconductors ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Sensor Devices ◽  
Carbon Nanowire ◽  
Nanostructured Metal

Nanosized gas sensor elements are potentially faster, require lower power, come with a lower limit of detection, operate at lower temperatures, obviate the need for expensive catalysts, are more heat shock resistant and might even come at a lower cost than their macro-counterparts. In the last two decades, there have been important developments in two key areas that might make this promise a reality. First is the development of a variety of very good performing nanostructured metal oxide semiconductors (MOSs), the most commonly used materials for gas sensing; and second are advances in very low power loss miniaturized heater elements. Advanced nano- or micro–nanogas sensors have attracted much attention owing to a variety of possible applications. In this article, we first discuss the mechanism underlying MOS-based gas sensor devices, then we describe the advances that have been made towards MOS nanostructured materials and the progress towards low-power nano- and microheaters. Finally, we attempt to design an ideal nanogas sensor by combining the best nanomaterial strategy with the best heater implementation. In this regard, we end with a discussion of a suspended carbon nanowire-based gas sensor design and the advantages it might offer compared with other more conventional gas sensor devices.

scholarly journals Incorporating N Atoms into SnO2 Nanostructure as an Approach to Enhance Gas Sensing Property for Acetone

Nanomaterials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiangfeng Guan ◽  
Yongjing Wang ◽  
Peihui Luo ◽  
Yunlong Yu ◽  
Dagui Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Gas Sensor ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Gas Sensing ◽  
Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Sno2 Nanostructure

The development of high-performance acetone gas sensor is of great significance for environmental protection and personal safety. SnO2 has been intensively applied in chemical sensing areas, because of its low cost, high mobility of electrons, and good chemical stability. Herein, we incorporated nitrogen atoms into the SnO2 nanostructure by simple solvothermal and subsequent calcination to improve gas sensing property for acetone. The crystallization, morphology, element composition, and microstructure of as-prepared products were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), Raman spectroscopy, UV–visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV–vis DRS), and the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) method. It has been found that N-incorporating resulted in decreased crystallite size, reduced band-gap width, increased surface oxygen vacancies, enlarged surface area, and narrowed pore size distribution. When evaluated as gas sensor, nitrogen-incorporated SnO2 nanostructure exhibited excellent sensitivity for acetone gas at the optimal operating temperature of 300 °C with high sensor response (Rair/Rgas − 1 = 357) and low limit of detection (7 ppb). The nitrogen-incorporated SnO2 gas sensor shows a good selectivity to acetone in the interfering gases of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, hydrogen, and methane. Furthermore, the possible gas-sensing mechanism of N-incorporated SnO2 toward acetone has been carefully discussed.

scholarly journals Nanostructured Materials Based on Thin Films and Nanoclusters for Hydrogen Gas Sensing

Proceedings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 38
Author(s):  
Stanislav Haviar ◽  
Nirmal Kumar ◽  
Šárka Batková ◽  
Jiří Čapek
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Gas Sensors ◽  
Tungsten Trioxide ◽  
Gas Sensing ◽  
Cupric Oxide ◽  
Hydrogen Gas ◽  
Oxide Semiconductors ◽  
Copper Tungstate ◽  
Solid Film ◽  
Nanostructured Metal

In this paper, we present two approaches to synthesize nanostructured metal oxide semiconductors in a form of multi-layer thin films later assembled as a conductometric gas-sensors. The first approach produces a combination of thin solid film of tungsten trioxide (WO3) with nanoclusters of cupric oxide (CuO) prepared by a magnetron-based gas aggregation cluster source (GAS). The second method is a two-step reactive magnetron sputtering forming a nanostructured copper tungstate (CuWO4) on-top of a WO3 film. Both methods lead to synthesis of nanosized hetero-junctions. These greatly improve the sensorial response to hydrogen in comparison with a WO3 thin film alone.

scholarly journals Plasma assisted formation of 3D highly porous nanostructured metal oxide network on microheater platform for Low power gas sensing

2019 ◽  
Vol 301 ◽  
pp. 127067 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hu Long ◽  
Sally Turner ◽  
Aiming Yan ◽  
Hongmei Xu ◽  
Moonsuk Jang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metal Oxide ◽  
Low Power ◽  
Gas Sensing ◽  
Highly Porous ◽  
Nanostructured Metal

scholarly journals Transfer Printing Technology as a Straightforward Method to Fabricate Chemical Sensors Based on Tin Dioxide Nanowires

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (14) ◽  
pp. 3049
Author(s):  
Florentyna Sosada-Ludwikowska ◽  
Robert Wimmer-Teubenbacher ◽  
Martin Sagmeister ◽  
Anton Köck
Keyword(s):  
Gas Sensor ◽  
Tin Dioxide ◽  
Gas Sensing ◽  
Transfer Printing ◽  
Electrode Structure ◽  
Step Method ◽  
Printing Technology ◽  
Straightforward Method ◽  
Spray Pyrolysis Deposition ◽  
Sensor Devices

Metal oxide multi-nanowire-based chemical gas sensors were manufactured by a fast and simple transfer printing technology. A two-step method employing spray pyrolysis deposition and a thermal annealing process was used for SnO 2 nanowires fabrication. A polydimethylsiloxane stamp was used to transfer the SnO 2 nanowires on two different gas sensing devices—Si-based substrates and microhotplate-based platform chips. Both contained a metallic inter-digital electrode structure (IDES), on which the SnO 2 nanowires were transferred for realization of multi-NW gas sensor devices. The gas sensor devices show a very high response towards H 2 S down to the 10 ppb range. Furthermore, a good response towards CO has been achieved, where in particular the microhotplate-based devices exhibit almost no cross sensitivity to humidity.

scholarly journals Surface-Controlled Photocatalysis and Chemical Sensing of TiO2, α-Fe2O3, and Cu2O Nanocrystals

Crystals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Kusior ◽  
Milena Synowiec ◽  
Katarzyna Zakrzewska ◽  
Marta Radecka
Keyword(s):  
Gas Sensing ◽  
Synthesis And Characterization ◽  
Abrupt Increase ◽  
Electrical And Optical Properties ◽  
Oxide Semiconductors ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Low Dimensionality ◽  
Shape Controlled ◽  
Gas Molecules

A relatively new approach to the design of photocatalytic and gas sensing materials is to use the shape-controlled nanocrystals with well-defined facets exposed to light or gas molecules. An abrupt increase in a number of papers on the synthesis and characterization of metal oxide semiconductors such as a TiO2, α-Fe2O3, Cu2O of low-dimensionality, applied to surface-controlled photocatalysis and gas sensing, has been recently observed. The aim of this paper is to review the work performed in this field of research. Here, the focus is on the mechanism and processes that affect the growth of nanocrystals, their morphological, electrical, and optical properties and finally their photocatalytic as well as gas sensing performance.

scholarly journals A Micromachined Metal Oxide Composite Dual Gas Sensor System for Principal Component Analysis-Based Multi-Monitoring of Noxious Gas Mixtures

Micromachines ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 24
Author(s):  
In-Hwan Yang ◽  
Joon-Hyung Jin ◽  
Nam Ki Min
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Metal Oxide ◽  
Gas Sensor ◽  
Microelectromechanical Systems ◽  
Gas Sensing ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
Oxide Semiconductor ◽  
Mixed Gas ◽  
Sensor Devices

Microelectronic gas-sensor devices were developed for the detection of carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen dioxides (NO2), ammonia (NH3) and formaldehyde (HCHO), and their gas-sensing characteristics in six different binary gas systems were examined using pattern-recognition methods. Four nanosized gas-sensing materials for these target gases, i.e., Pd-SnO2 for CO, In2O3 for NOX, Ru-WO3 for NH3, and SnO2-ZnO for HCHO, were synthesized using a sol-gel method, and sensor devices were fabricated using a microsensor platform. Principal component analysis of the experimental data from the microelectromechanical systems gas-sensor arrays under exposure to single gases and their mixtures indicated that identification of each individual gas in the mixture was successful. Additionally, the gas-sensing behavior toward the mixed gas indicated that the traditional adsorption and desorption mechanism of the n-type metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) governs the sensing mechanism of the mixed gas systems.

scholarly journals Ni-CNT Chemical Sensor for SF6 Decomposition Components Detection: A Combined Experimental and Theoretical Study

Sensors ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 3493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yingang Gui ◽  
Xiaoxing Zhang ◽  
Peigeng Lv ◽  
Shan Wang ◽  
Chao Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Sensor ◽  
Density Functional ◽  
Chemical Sensor ◽  
Theoretical Study ◽  
Gas Sensing ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Gas Sensitivity ◽  
Sensitivity And Selectivity ◽  
Sf6 Decomposition ◽  
Insulation Status

SF6 decomposition components detection is a key technology to evaluate and diagnose the insulation status of SF6-insulated equipment online, especially when insulation defects-induced discharge occurs in equipment. In order to detect the type and concentration of SF6 decomposition components, a Ni-modified carbon nanotube (Ni-CNT) gas sensor has been prepared to analyze its gas sensitivity and selectivity to SF6 decomposition components based on an experimental and density functional theory (DFT) theoretical study. Experimental results show that a Ni-CNT gas sensor presents an outstanding gas sensing property according to the significant change of conductivity during the gas molecule adsorption. The conductivity increases in the following order: H2S > SOF2 > SO2 > SO2F2. The limit of detection of the Ni-CNT gas sensor reaches 1 ppm. In addition, the excellent recovery property of the Ni-CNT gas sensor makes it easy to be widely used. A DFT theoretical study was applied to analyze the influence mechanism of Ni modification on SF6 decomposition components detection. In summary, the Ni-CNT gas sensor prepared in this study can be an effective way to evaluate and diagnose the insulation status of SF6-insulated equipment online.

scholarly journals Miniaturised Infrared Spectrophotometer for Low Power Consumption Multi-Gas Sensing

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (14) ◽  
pp. 3843
Author(s):  
Manu Muhiyudin ◽  
David Hutson ◽  
Desmond Gibson ◽  
Ewan Waddell ◽  
Shigeng Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Consumption ◽  
Low Power ◽  
Gas Sensor ◽  
Gas Sensing ◽  
Optical Filters ◽  
Low Power Consumption ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Pass Band ◽  
Concept Design ◽  
Infrared Source

Concept, design and practical implementation of a miniaturized spectrophotometer, utilized as a mid-infrared-based multi gas sensor is described. The sensor covers an infrared absorption wavelength range of 2.9 to 4.8 um, providing detection capabilities for carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrous oxide, sulphur dioxide, ammonia and methane. A lead selenide photo-detector array and customized MEMS-based micro-hotplate are used as the detector and broadband infrared source, respectively. The spectrophotometer optics are based on an injection moulded Schwarzschild configuration incorporating optical pass band filters for the spectral discrimination. This work explores the effects of using both fixed-line pass band and linear variable optical filters. We report the effectiveness of this low-power-consumption miniaturized spectrophotometer as a stand-alone single and multi-gas sensor, usage of a distinct reference channel during gas measurements, development of ideal optical filters and spectral control of the source and detector. Results also demonstrate the use of short-time pulsed inputs as an effective and efficient way of operating the sensor in a low-power-consumption mode. We describe performance of the spectrometer as a multi-gas sensor, optimizing individual component performances, power consumption, temperature sensitivity and gas properties using modelling and customized experimental procedures.

scholarly journals Room-Temperature Gas Sensors Under Photoactivation: From Metal Oxides to 2D Materials

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahul Kumar ◽  
Xianghong Liu ◽  
Jun Zhang ◽  
Mahesh Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Gas Sensor ◽  
Gas Sensors ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Gas Sensing ◽  
Sensor Technology ◽  
Light Illumination ◽  
Oxide Semiconductors ◽  
Sensor Applications ◽  
Two Dimensional Materials ◽  
Important Approach

AbstractRoom-temperature gas sensors have aroused great attention in current gas sensor technology because of deemed demand of cheap, low power consumption and portable sensors for rapidly growing Internet of things applications. As an important approach, light illumination has been exploited for room-temperature operation with improving gas sensor’s attributes including sensitivity, speed and selectivity. This review provides an overview of the utilization of photoactivated nanomaterials in gas sensing field. First, recent advances in gas sensing of some exciting different nanostructures and hybrids of metal oxide semiconductors under light illumination are highlighted. Later, excellent gas sensing performance of emerging two-dimensional materials-based sensors under light illumination is discussed in details with proposed gas sensing mechanism. Originated impressive features from the interaction of photons with sensing materials are elucidated in the context of modulating sensing characteristics. Finally, the review concludes with key and constructive insights into current and future perspectives in the light-activated nanomaterials for optoelectronic gas sensor applications.

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