scholarly journals The meteorite impact-induced tsunami hazard

2015 ◽  
Vol 373 (2053) ◽  
pp. 20140381 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Wünnemann ◽  
R. Weiss
Keyword(s):  
Review Paper ◽  
Tsunami Hazard ◽  
Impact Event ◽  
Meteorite Impact ◽  
Wave Characteristic ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Subsequent Propagation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Cosmic Object ◽  
Large Tsunami

When a cosmic object strikes the Earth, it most probably falls into an ocean. Depending on the impact energy and the depth of the ocean, a large amount of water is displaced, forming a temporary crater in the water column. Large tsunami-like waves originate from the collapse of the cavity in the water and the ejecta splash. Because of the far-reaching destructive consequences of such waves, an oceanic impact has been suggested to be more severe than a similar-sized impact on land; in other words, oceanic impacts may punch over their weight. This review paper summarizes the process of impact-induced wave generation and subsequent propagation, whether the wave characteristic differs from tsunamis generated by other classical mechanisms, and what methods have been applied to quantify the consequences of an oceanic impact. Finally, the impact-induced tsunami hazard will be evaluated by means of the Eltanin impact event.

scholarly journals The Boltysh impact structure: An early Danian impact event during recovery from the K-Pg mass extinction

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (25) ◽  
pp. eabe6530
Author(s):  
Annemarie E. Pickersgill ◽  
Darren F. Mark ◽  
Martin R. Lee ◽  
Simon P. Kelley ◽  
David W. Jolley
Keyword(s):  
Mass Extinction ◽  
Crater Lake ◽  
Temporal Association ◽  
Earth System ◽  
Impact Event ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Chicxulub Impact ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Impact Events

Both the Chicxulub and Boltysh impact events are associated with the K-Pg boundary. While Chicxulub is firmly linked to the end-Cretaceous mass extinction, the temporal relationship of the ~24-km-diameter Boltysh impact to these events is uncertain, although it is thought to have occurred 2 to 5 ka before the mass extinction. Here, we conduct the first direct geochronological comparison of Boltysh to the K-Pg boundary. Our 40Ar/39Ar age of 65.39 ± 0.14/0.16 Ma shows that the impact occurred ~0.65 Ma after the mass extinction. At that time, the climate was recovering from the effects of the Chicxulub impact and Deccan trap flood volcanism. This age shows that Boltysh has a close temporal association with the Lower C29n hyperthermal recorded by global sediment archives and in the Boltysh crater lake sediments. The temporal coincidence raises the possibility that even a small impact event could disrupt recovery of the Earth system from catastrophic events.

scholarly journals The Environment at Lake El’gygytgyn Area (Northeastern Russian Arctic) Prior to and After the Meteorite Impact at 3.58 Ma

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrei Andreev ◽  
Elisabeth Dietze ◽  
Olga Glushkova ◽  
Vladimir Smirnov ◽  
Volker Wennrich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fire Regimes ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Russian Arctic ◽  
Impact Event ◽  
Meteorite Impact ◽  
Lake El’Gygytgyn ◽  
Summer Temperatures ◽  
Wet Climate ◽  
The Impact ◽  
First Time

Upper Pliocene sediments from a number of fluvial outcrops in central Chukotka, northeastern Russian Arctic, along the Enmyvaam, Mechekrynnetveem, and Chanuvenvaam Rivers, have been newly studied for pollen, non-pollen-palynomorphs and, for the first time for Pliocene sediments in Eurasia, charcoals. The sediments have survived the El’gygytgyn meteorite impact event at ∼3.58 Ma. The stratigraphy of the studied outcrops suggests that the lowermost sediments were accumulated shortly before the impact event, between ∼3.60 and 3.58 Ma. At that time, coniferous forests with spruces, pines, firs, birches, larches, and alders dominated in the area. Some relatively thermophilic broad-leaved taxa (Corylus, Carpinus, Ulmus, and Myrica) might also have grown in local forests. Summer temperatures were at least 10°C warmer than today. Charcoal concentrations and composition suggest the presence of high intensity fires. Periods of rather wet climate and soil conditions are marked by common shrubby and boggy habitats with ericaceous plants and Sphagnum, and are associated with less, and probably low-intensity surface fires with less charcoal. The impact event caused widespread fires reflected by up to 4 times higher charcoal concentrations in the sediments. The sediments found above the so-called “chaotic horizon” (sediments accumulated synchronously or very shortly after the impact event) contain late Pliocene pollen assemblages comparable to those in Lake El’gygytgyn, reflecting that pine-spruce forests with some firs, birches, larches, and alder dominated in the study area. Some thermophilic taxa might also still have grown in the area. However, the age control for the sediments above the so-called chaotic horizon is poor. The uppermost sediments from the studied sections can be attributed with certainty to the Late Pleistocene and Holocene according to their stratigraphic positions and pollen assemblages. The combined pollen and charcoal analysis allowed correlating hardly datable fluvial sediments and points to varying fire regimes in warmer-than-present climates, when forest extended further north compared to today.

Formation of Lunar Craters and Bright Rays as a Result of Meteorite Impacts

1962 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 415-418
Author(s):  
K. P. Stanyukovich ◽  
V. A. Bronshten
Keyword(s):  
Explosive Charge ◽  
The Moon ◽  
Meteorite Impacts ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Lunar Craters ◽  
The Impact

The phenomena accompanying the impact of large meteorites on the surface of the Moon or of the Earth can be examined on the basis of the theory of explosive phenomena if we assume that, instead of an exploding meteorite moving inside the rock, we have an explosive charge (equivalent in energy), situated at a certain distance under the surface.

TSUNAMI ACEH 2004 SEBAGAI DASAR PENATAAN RUANG KOTA MEULABOH

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wisyanto Wisyanto
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Area ◽  
Building Damage ◽  
Tsunami Hazard ◽  
The Road ◽  
Tsunami Disaster ◽  
Landuse Planning ◽  
The Future ◽  
Tsunami Mitigation ◽  
Potential Losses ◽  
The Impact

Tsunami which was generated by the 2004 Aceh eartquake has beenhaunting our life. The building damage due to the tsunami could be seenthroughout Meulaboh Coastal Area. Appearing of the physical loss wasclose to our fault. It was caused by the use dan plan of the land withoutconsidering a tsunami disaster threat. Learning from that event, we haveconducted a research on the pattern of damage that caused by the 2004tsunami. Based on the analysis of tsunami hazard intensity and thepattern of building damage, it has been made a landuse planning whichbased on tsunami mitigation for Meulaboh. Tsunami mitigation-based ofMeulaboh landuse planning was made by intergrating some aspects, suchas tsunami protection using pandanus greenbelt, embankment along withhigh plants and also arranging the direction of roads and setting of building forming a rhombus-shaped. The rhombus-shaped of setting of the road and building would reduce the impact of tsunamic wave. It is expected that these all comprehensive landuse planning will minimize potential losses in the future .

scholarly journals Deterministic approach for multiple-source tsunami hazard assessment for Sines, Portugal

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. 2557-2568 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Wronna ◽  
R. Omira ◽  
M. A. Baptista
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Wave Height ◽  
Hazard Assessment ◽  
Test Site ◽  
Tsunami Hazard ◽  
Deterministic Approach ◽  
Flow Depth ◽  
Mean Sea Level ◽  
Tsunami Hazard Assessment ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. In this paper, we present a deterministic approach to tsunami hazard assessment for the city and harbour of Sines, Portugal, one of the test sites of project ASTARTE (Assessment, STrategy And Risk Reduction for Tsunamis in Europe). Sines has one of the most important deep-water ports, which has oil-bearing, petrochemical, liquid-bulk, coal, and container terminals. The port and its industrial infrastructures face the ocean southwest towards the main seismogenic sources. This work considers two different seismic zones: the Southwest Iberian Margin and the Gloria Fault. Within these two regions, we selected a total of six scenarios to assess the tsunami impact at the test site. The tsunami simulations are computed using NSWING, a Non-linear Shallow Water model wIth Nested Grids. In this study, the static effect of tides is analysed for three different tidal stages: MLLW (mean lower low water), MSL (mean sea level), and MHHW (mean higher high water). For each scenario, the tsunami hazard is described by maximum values of wave height, flow depth, drawback, maximum inundation area and run-up. Synthetic waveforms are computed at virtual tide gauges at specific locations outside and inside the harbour. The final results describe the impact at the Sines test site considering the single scenarios at mean sea level, the aggregate scenario, and the influence of the tide on the aggregate scenario. The results confirm the composite source of Horseshoe and Marques de Pombal faults as the worst-case scenario, with wave heights of over 10 m, which reach the coast approximately 22 min after the rupture. It dominates the aggregate scenario by about 60 % of the impact area at the test site, considering maximum wave height and maximum flow depth. The HSMPF scenario inundates a total area of 3.5 km2.

scholarly journals The potentially hazardous NEA 2001 BB16

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 180-190
Author(s):  
Ireneusz Wlodarczyk
Keyword(s):  
Mean Value ◽  
Optical Observations ◽  
Uniform Sampling ◽  
The Earth ◽  
22Nd Century ◽  
Lyapunov Time ◽  
Gravitational Model ◽  
Calculated Probability ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
The Impact

AbstractWe computed the impact solutions of the potentially dangerous Near Earth Asteroid (NEA) 2001 BB16 based on 47 optical observations from January 20.08316 UTC, 2001, through February 09.15740 UTC, 2016, and one radar observation from January 19.90347 UTC, 2016. We used two methods to sample the starting Line of Variation (LOV). First method, called thereafter LOV1, with the uniform sampling of the LOV parameter, out to LOV = 5 computing 3000 virtual asteroids (VAs) on both sides of the LOV, which gives 6001 VAs and propagated their orbits to JD2525000.5 TDT=February 12, 2201. We computed the non-gravitational parameterA2=(34.55±7.38)·10–14 au/d2 for nominal orbit of 2001 BB16 and possible impacts with the Earth until 2201. For potential impact in 2195 we find A2=20.0·10−14 au/d2. With a positive value of A2, 2001 BB16 can be prograde rotator. Moreover, we computed Lyapunov Time (LT) for 2001 BB16, which for all VAs, has a mean value of about 25 y. We showed that impact solutions, including the calculated probability of a possible collision of a 2001 BB16 asteroid with the Earth depends on how to calculate and take into account the appropriate gravitational model, including the number of perturbing massive asteroids. In some complicated cases, it may depend also on the number of clones calculated for a given sigma LOV1. The second method of computing the impact solutions, called thereafter LOV2, is based on a non-uniformly sampling of the LOV. We showed that different methods of sampling the LOV can give different impact solutions, but all computed dates of possible impacts of the asteroid 2001 BB16 with the Earth occur in accordance at the end of the 22nd century.

Hospitalitas Kristen Yang Hampir Hilang Pada Kasus Kematian Salah Satu Anggota Masyarakat Di Dusun Beringin, Luwu Utara, Sulawesi Selatan Akibat Covid-19

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
desna rura sarapang
Keyword(s):  
Virus Disease ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Indonesian Government ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Corona Virus ◽  
The World ◽  
Global World ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Christian Hospitality

The emergence of a new virus in the global world at the end of 2019, namely Corona Virus Disease 2019, brought tremendous excitement to all inhabitants of the earth. The emergence of this virus brings tremendous concern and fear to the world because the spread of this virus is quite fast, even the most frightening is that the risk of death of people exposed to this virus is very large. Indonesia itself, cannot avoid the impact of this Covid-19 case. As a form of efforts to prevent and minimize transmission of the virus, the Indonesian government has issued a social distancing / physical distancing recommendation. This situation also causes the interaction between communities to be very limited. This situation seems to be able to eliminate hospitality among the community. This paper aims to emphasize the importance of maintaining the value of Christian hospitality in society amid the Covid-19 pandemic.

Old English Ecotheology

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Courtney Catherine Barajas
Keyword(s):  
Old English ◽  
Exeter Book ◽  
Early Medieval ◽  
The Earth ◽  
First Millennium ◽  
The Impact

Old English Ecotheology examines the impact of environmental crises on early medieval English theology and poetry. Like their modern counterparts, theologians at the turn of the first millennium understood the interconnectedness of the Earth community, and affirmed the independent subjectivity of other-than-humans. The author argues for the existence of a specific Old English ecotheology, and demonstrates the influence of that theology on contemporaneous poetry. Taking the Exeter Book as a microcosm of the poetic corpus, she explores the impact of early medieval apocalypticism and environmental anxiety on Old English wisdom poems, riddles, elegies, and saints' lives.

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