scholarly journals Transmission of climate risks across sectors and borders

2018 ◽  
Vol 376 (2121) ◽  
pp. 20170301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andy J. Challinor ◽  
W. Neil Adger ◽  
Tim G. Benton ◽  
Declan Conway ◽  
Manoj Joshi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
National Level ◽  
Systems Science ◽  
Climate Risks ◽  
Transmission Mechanisms ◽  
The Social ◽  
International Boundaries ◽  
Global Systems

Systemic climate risks, which result from the potential for cascading impacts through inter-related systems, pose particular challenges to risk assessment, especially when risks are transmitted across sectors and international boundaries. Most impacts of climate variability and change affect regions and jurisdictions in complex ways, and techniques for assessing this transmission of risk are still somewhat limited. Here, we begin to define new approaches to risk assessment that can account for transboundary and trans-sector risk transmission, by presenting: (i) a typology of risk transmission that distinguishes clearly the role of climate versus the role of the social and economic systems that distribute resources; (ii) a review of existing modelling, qualitative and systems-based methods of assessing risk and risk transmission; and (iii) case studies that examine risk transmission in human displacement, food, water and energy security. The case studies show that policies and institutions can attenuate risks significantly through cooperation that can be mutually beneficial to all parties. We conclude with some suggestions for assessment of complex risk transmission mechanisms: use of expert judgement; interactive scenario building; global systems science and big data; innovative use of climate and integrated assessment models; and methods to understand societal responses to climate risk. These approaches aim to inform both research and national-level risk assessment.

Social Networking, Cyber Bullying, and the Role of Community Education

2013 ◽  
pp. 117-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle Sofo ◽  
Francesco Sofo
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Social Networking ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Education Program ◽  
Social Networking Sites ◽  
Community Education ◽  
Cyber Bullying ◽  
Australian Government ◽  
The Social

This chapter explores the link between social capital, the bullying that can occur via social networking sites, and community education. It becomes evident that social networking sites are influential sources of informal learning despite the published literature being somewhat divided on the sociological, psychological, and emotional benefits of social networking. Through the presentation of Australian statistics and case studies, the chapter demonstrates how social capital can be eroded through the misuse of social networking sites particularly in the form of cyber bullying. The Australian government has responded to the social impacts of cyber bullying by funding an extensive community education program. Through examining this program, it is possible to see how important it is to have effective and accessible community education regarding safe and responsible social networking.

scholarly journals Evaluating and Planning Green Infrastructure: A Strategic Perspective for Sustainability and Resilience

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2726 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angioletta Voghera ◽  
Benedetta Giudice
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Green Infrastructure ◽  
Evaluation Process ◽  
Ecological Indicators ◽  
Social Ecological ◽  
The Social ◽  
The One ◽  
Strategic Perspective ◽  
Social Components

In the light of the current changing global scenarios, green infrastructure is obtaining increasing relevance in planning policies, especially due to its ecological, environmental and social components which contribute to pursuing sustainable and resilient planning and designing of cities and territories. The issue of green infrastructure is framed within the conceptual contexts of sustainability and resilience, which are described through the analysis of their common aspects and differences with a particular focus on planning elements. In particular, the paper uses two distinct case studies of green infrastructure as representative: the green infrastructure of the Region Languedoc-Roussillon in France and the one of the Province of Turin in Italy. The analysis of two case studies focuses on the evaluation process carried on about the social-ecological system and describes the methodologies and the social-ecological indicators used to define the green infrastructure network. We related these indicators to their possible contribution to the measurement of sustainability and resilience. The analysis of this relationship led us to outline some conclusive considerations on the complex role of the design of green infrastructure with reference to sustainability and resilience.

A World of Goods

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Talbot ◽  
Tahir Kamran
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Social Life ◽  
English Language ◽  
Student Population ◽  
Consumption Patterns ◽  
Medical Products ◽  
The Social ◽  
Suburban Developments ◽  
Shed Light

The chapter discusses Indian elites’ emulation of European consumption patterns. The new suburban developments furthered this process with the demand for imported fans, baths and cars. The student population of Lahore created a demand for bicycles, pens, sports goods and watches. They also were consumers of both imported and locally produced medical products. Even poorer Indians exhibited new consumption patterns with everyday use of tea and cigarettes. The chapter discusses the role of advertising in encouraging consumer needs as well as the extent to which these sources can shed light on the social life of the colonial city. There are case studies of the advertisements featured in two leading English language newspapers, which were published from Lahore, namely Tribune and Eastern Times.

Analysis of cumulative climate risks and associated impact cascades in Switzerland

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raphael Neukom ◽  
Nadine Salzmann ◽  
Christian Huggel ◽  
Veruska Muccione ◽  
Sabine Kleppek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
National Level ◽  
Swiss Alps ◽  
Urban Systems ◽  
Knowledge Gaps ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Protective Function ◽  
Climate Risks ◽  
First Case

<p>A recent study on ‘climate-related risks and opportunities’ of the Swiss Federal Office for the Environment (FOEN) identified knowledge gaps and related missing planning tools for risks with low probability of occurrence but potentially very severe impacts for society and/or the environment. Such risks refer in particular to risks triggered by cumulating meteorological/climatic extremes events, which (i) exacerbate through process cascades or (ii) return within shorter time intervals than expected.</p><p>To respond to these knowledge gaps and ‘blind spots’ in climate risks, a collaborative effort including academic and government institutions at different administrative levels is undertaken in order to explore and analyse the potential of such large cumulative, complex risks and to suggest actions needed to manage them in Switzerland. The project is based on two case studies, which are developed in consultation with stakeholders from science, policy and practice at the national and sub-national level.</p><p>The case studies analyse risks triggered by meteorological events based on projected and recently published Swiss Climate Scenarios CH2018, considering rare but plausible scenarios where such triggering events cumulate and/or occur in combinations.</p><p>The first case study focuses on mountain systems in the southern Swiss Alps, with a potential reduction of the protective capacity of forests caused by extreme drought and heat, and subsequent increase of risks due to multiple natural hazards (fires, snow avalanches, landslides). A semi-quantitative analysis based on expert surveys allows us to estimate the probability of different levels of loss of the protective function caused by the given meteorological trigger event. In a parallel bottom-up approach we perform the analysis with an impacts-perspective and estimate the ecological and climatological thresholds that lead to a partial or complete loss of protective function. Results from the two methods are qualitatively compatible, but the bottom-up approach tends to show a higher risk of damage compared to the more ‘classical’ top-down analysis for similar meteorological events.</p><p>The second case study focuses on cascading impacts in relation with recurrent large-scale drought and heat events on urban systems and their vulnerable elements. We draw potential process cascades across various socio-economic systems for the urban area of Basel based on a systematic analysis of potentially relevant precedent information from selected past cases worldwide.</p><p>Our study is expected to provide important information concerning highly vulnerable systems and elements, their protection, and tipping points towards severe risk amplification. Moreover, we point to feasible risk management approaches and suggest transformative adaptation measures.</p>

Contested Britain

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Lived Experience ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Race And Class ◽  
The Social ◽  
Fundamental Cause ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Cultural Constraints ◽  
The Relationship

This book offers a powerful and distinctive analysis of how the politics of the UK and the lived experience of its citizens have been reframed in the first decades of the 21st century. It does so by bringing together carefully articulated case studies with theoretically informed discussion of the relationship between austerity, Brexit and the rise of populist politics, as well as highlighting the emergence of a range of practices, institutions and politics that challenge the hegemony of austerity discourses. The book mobilises notions of agency to help understand the role of austerity (as politics and lived experience) as a fundamental cause of Brexit. Investigating the social, economic, political, and cultural constraints and opportunities arising from a person’s position in society allows us to explain the link between austerity politics and the vote for Brexit. In doing so, the book goes beyond traditional disciplinary approaches to develop more interdisciplinary engagements, based on broad understandings of cultural studies as well as drawing on insights from political science, sociology, economics, geography and law. It uses comparative material from the regions of England and from the devolved territories of the UK, and explores the profound differences of geography, generation, gender, ‘race’ and class.

scholarly journals Strategi Penguatan Modal Sosial Perempuan Tani dalam Pemanfaatan Lahan Pekarangan Terbatas di Kabupaten Bogor

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-253
Author(s):  
Ageng Hasanah Sulaiman ◽  
Ekawati Sri Wahyuni ◽  
Soeryo Adiwibowo
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Women Farmers ◽  
Home Garden ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Action Program ◽  
Administrative Management ◽  
The Social ◽  
Living Area

Home garden and people’s living area has a potential to be a source of family food. This paper aimed to describe and analyze the performance of the Kawasan Rumah Pangan Lestari (KRPL) Program. Based on the results, a strategy to strengthen the social capital of the women farmers in home garden utilization inBogor District was formulated. The survey method used to get an overview of the performance of the KRPL in the three KRPL groups. Case studies were used to explore social capital, the role of companion, and administration management in one KRPL group. KRPL’s performance showed that, nurseries and demonstration plots (demplot) were not managed properly, Rumah Pangan Lestari (RPL) were still managed independently by members, and administrative management is not yet orderly. Social capital, the role of companion, and administration management also determine the performance of the KRPL. An action program to avoid future KRPL failures has been prepared.

scholarly journals SEXUAL PREJUDICE AND THE RELEVANCE OF POLITICAL CULTURE: TRENDS AND CORRELATES IN EL SALVADOR

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-65
Author(s):  
Carlos Iván Orellana ◽  
Ligia Orellana
Keyword(s):  
Political Culture ◽  
El Salvador ◽  
National Level ◽  
Sexual Prejudice ◽  
Political Environment ◽  
Time Analysis ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Democratic Culture ◽  
The Social

The correlates of sexual prejudice –negative attitudes toward gay men, lesbians, and bisexuals– are well-known in the literature, but the relevance of the social-political environment in which these correlates insert has received less attention. This study examines trends and correlates of sexual prejudice in El Salvador, a country frequently ranked as one of the most homophobic in the Americas. Using a representative sample from national-level surveys conducted between 2008 and 2016, it was found that the Salvadorian population displayed high levels of sexual prejudice in this period, although these levels varied significantly over time. Analysis with 2016 data showed that socially precarious conditions, religion, and traditionally gendered worldviews, were positively associated with sexual prejudice. Sexual prejudice also correlated with political and social beliefs that encompass authoritarian and misogynistic tendencies. Three clusters of predictors of sexual prejudice were identified: Religious conventionalism, unsophisticated masculinity background, and deficient democratic socialization. This study supports previous findings about correlates of sexual prejudice while highlighting the lesser-studied role of the social-political environment, and oscillations in a democratic culture, in perpetuating sexual prejudice.

Down-to-Earth. What Can We Learn from Local Case Studies?

2021 ◽  
pp. 114-138
Author(s):  
Eliška Drápalová
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Political Competition ◽  
National Level ◽  
Case Study Research ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Business Associations ◽  
Local Case ◽  
New Research

This chapter explores how a subnational focus contributes to understanding the factors that determine the quality of government and corruption. It points to the limitation of national-level and cross-country studies and highlights the advantages of adopting a city-level approach and case study research. It emphasizes where a subnational focus adds to the current literature and debates on the quality of government, mainly generating new research questions and theories, as well as describing processes and testing mechanisms. It deals in more detail with explanations regarding economic resources, the role of voters enforcing electoral accountability, civil society, and the political competition. Finally, the chapter proposes a framework that integrates the most relevant factors, combining business associations’ pressure and multilevel political competition. This chapter combines the existing research with examples from quantitative and comparative case studies of Southern and Eastern European cities.

Analysis and management of unexpected and cumulative climate risks in Switzerland

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raphael Neukom ◽  
Nadine Salzmann ◽  
Christian Huggel ◽  
Veruska Mucchione ◽  
Sabine Kleppek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
National Level ◽  
Swiss Alps ◽  
Protective Capacity ◽  
Subsequent Increase ◽  
Climate Risks ◽  
First Case ◽  
Study Results

<div> <p>The study on ‘climate-related risks and opportunities’ of the Swiss Federal Office for the Environment (FOEN) provides a comprehensive analysis of climate-related risks and opportunities for Switzerland until 2060. The synthesis of the study results has been the basis for the development of adaptation strategies and measures in Switzerland. The study also identifies knowledge gaps and related missing planning tools for risks, which are difficult to assess as they typically have a low probability of occurrence but have potentially very high impacts for society and/or the environment. Such risks refer in particular to risks, which cumulate through process cascades or are triggered by meteorological/climatic extremes events, which return within shorter time intervals than expected.</p> <p>To respond to these gaps, a collaborative effort including academic and government institutions at different administrative levels is undertaken in order to explore and analyse the potential of such cumulative risks and actions needed to manage them in Switzerland. The project focuses on two case studies, which are developed in consultation with stakeholders from science, policy and practice at the national and sub-national level.</p> <p>The case studies analyse risks triggered by meteorological events based on projected and recently published Swiss Climate Scenarios CH2018, considering rare but plausible scenarios where such triggering events cumulate and/or occur in combinations.</p> <p>We discuss international terminologies and experience with unexpected and cumulative extreme events and put them in relation to the Swiss context. Specifically, we present the cascading processes of the first case study, which focuses on the protective forests in the eastern Swiss Alps. Potential reduction of the protective capacity caused by extreme drought and heat and subsequent increase of risks caused by multiple natural hazards, such as fires and mass movements (snow avalanche, landslide), are assessed in this case study using semi-quantitative methods of risk analysis.</p> </div>

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document