Lung function and the response to exercise in New Guineans: role of genetic and environmental factors

1974 ◽  
Vol 268 (893) ◽  
pp. 349-361 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Lung Function ◽  
Transfer Factor ◽  
Respiratory Symptoms ◽  
Total Lung Capacity ◽  
Partial Regression ◽  
Lung Capacity ◽  
Ventilatory Capacity ◽  
Women And Children ◽  
Ethnic Factor

1. Information on respiratory symptoms and, in most instances, the ventilatory capacity (forced expiratory volume and forced vital capacity) were obtained on 2026 men, women and children comprising the total population of 12 villages situated at 2000 m in the Eastern Highlands and 1736 coastal people on Karkar Island. On selected healthy adults measurements were made of the total lung capacity and its subdivisions, the transfer factor for the lungs for carbon monoxide (151 subjects aged 20-63 years) and the ventilation and the cardiac frequency during submaximal exercise (132 subjects aged 17-34 years). The transfer factor was standardized to a haemoglobin concentration of 14.6 g/100 ml and alveolar capillary oxygen tension of 14.7 kPa (110 Torr). 2. The ventilatory capacity was reduced by the presence of respiratory symptoms or a loose cough but not by smoking local tobacco (Brus). For subjects with apparently healthy lungs and after allowing for the effects of age and of stature, the ventilatory capacity of the highland men, women and children was similar to that of representative Europeans. The coastal people had lower values including lower partial regression coefficients on age. The total lung capacity, its subdivisions and the transfer factor for the adult highlanders were larger than for the coastal people; the values were similar to or larger than for Europeans. The values for the coastal people resembled those for people of Indian, African and Chinese descent living in the tropics. The partial regression coefficient of transfer factor on age in the New Guineans was more negative than in the Europeans. 3. For the healthy young adults, analysis of the lung function data in relation to those for exercise point to the differences between the groups being due to the combined effects of an ethnic factor plus differences in the level of physical activity. The lung volumes, ventilatory capacity and ventilation during exercise are the resultant of both effects. The exercise tidal volume is a function of the ethnic factor but not the level of activity, while the reverse is true of the lung transfer factor for carbon monoxide.

Thoracoabdominal restriction in supine men: CT and lung function measurements

1988 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 599-604 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Tokics ◽  
G. Hedenstierna ◽  
B. Brismar ◽  
A. Strandberg ◽  
H. Lundquist
Keyword(s):  
Lung Function ◽  
Lung Tissue ◽  
Total Lung Capacity ◽  
Blood Gas Analysis ◽  
Gas Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Arterial Blood Gas ◽  
Lung Capacity ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Volume Curve

Thoracoabdominal restriction was brought on by means of a corset, and the subsequent effects on thoracic dimensions and lung tissue were studied by computerized tomography (CT) and by various lung function tests in supine healthy volunteers (mean age 30 yr). Restriction caused reductions in total lung capacity (helium equilibration) from mean 6.84 to 4.80 liters, in functional residual capacity (FRC) from 2.65 to 2.08 liters, and in vital capacity from 5.16 to 3.45 liters. Closing capacity (single-breath N2 washout) fell from 2.42 to 1.88 liters, thus matching the reduction in FRC. The static pressure-lung volume curve was shifted to the right by 1.5 cmH2O at 50% of total lung capacity. However, no change in the slope of the curve was observed. The diaphragm was moved cranially by 1.2 cm, and the thoracic cross-sectional area was reduced by a mean 32 cm2 at a level just above the diaphragm. No changes in the lung tissue were seen on CT scanning. Gas exchange, as assessed by multiple inert gas elimination technique and arterial blood gas analysis, was unaffected by restriction. It is concluded that in supine subjects, thoracoabdominal restriction that reduces FRC by 0.6 liter is not accompanied by atelectasis (normal CT scan). In this respect the result differs from that found in anesthetized supine subjects who show the same fall in FRC and atelectasis in dependent lung regions.

Carbon Monoxide Diffusing Capacity, Other Indices of Lung Function, and Respiratory Symptoms in a General Population Sample

1990 ◽  
Vol 141 (4_pt_1) ◽  
pp. 1033-1039 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Viegi ◽  
Paolo Paoletti ◽  
Renato Prediletto ◽  
Francesco di Pede ◽  
Laura Carrozzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Lung Function ◽  
General Population ◽  
Respiratory Symptoms ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
General Population Sample ◽  
Diffusing Capacity

Global lung function initiative: Reference equations for the transfer factor for carbon monoxide (TLCO)

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanja Stanojevic ◽  
Brian Grham ◽  
Brendan Cooper ◽  
Bruce Thompson ◽  
Kim Carter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Lung Function ◽  
Transfer Factor ◽  
Reference Equations

Childhood pneumonia, pleurisy and lung function: a cohort study from the first to sixth decade of life

Thorax ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer L Perret ◽  
Caroline J Lodge ◽  
Adrian J Lowe ◽  
David P Johns ◽  
Bruce R Thompson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Lung Function ◽  
Lower Limit ◽  
Transfer Factor ◽  
Study Cohort ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Lung Volumes ◽  
Current Asthma ◽  
Childhood Pneumonia ◽  
Lower Limit Of Normal

IntroductionAdult spirometry following community-acquired childhood pneumonia has variably been reported as showing obstructive or non-obstructive deficits. We analysed associations between doctor-diagnosed childhood pneumonia/pleurisy and more comprehensive lung function in a middle-aged general population cohort born in 1961.MethodsData were from the prospective population-based Tasmanian Longitudinal Health Study cohort. Analysed lung function was from ages 7 years (prebronchodilator spirometry only, n=7097), 45 years (postbronchodilator spirometry, carbon monoxide transfer factor and static lung volumes, n=1220) and 53 years (postbronchodilator spirometry and transfer factor, n=2485). Parent-recalled histories of doctor-diagnosed childhood pneumonia and/or pleurisy were recorded at age 7. Multivariable linear and logistic regression were used.ResultsAt age 7, compared with no episodes, childhood pneumonia/pleurisy-ever was associated with reduced FEV1:FVC for only those with current asthma (beta-coefficient or change in z-score=−0.20 SD, 95% CI −0.38 to –0.02, p=0.028, p interaction=0.036). At age 45, for all participants, childhood pneumonia/pleurisy-ever was associated with a restrictive pattern: OR 3.02 (1.5 to 6.0), p=0.002 for spirometric restriction (FVC less than the lower limit of normal plus FEV1:FVC greater than the lower limit of normal); total lung capacity z-score −0.26 SD (95% CI −0.38 to –0.13), p<0.001; functional residual capacity −0.16 SD (−0.34 to –0.08), p=0.001; and residual volume −0.18 SD (−0.31 to –0.05), p=0.008. Reduced lung volumes were accompanied by increased carbon monoxide transfer coefficient at both time points (z-score +0.29 SD (0.11 to 0.49), p=0.001 and +0.17 SD (0.04 to 0.29), p=0.008, respectively).DiscussionFor this community-based population, doctor-diagnosed childhood pneumonia and/or pleurisy were associated with obstructed lung function at age 7 for children who had current asthma symptoms, but with evidence of ‘smaller lungs’ when in middle age.

scholarly journals Effects of adopting the Global Lung Function Initiative 2017 reference equations on the interpretation of carbon monoxide transfer factor

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (5) ◽  
pp. 1901905
Author(s):  
Danny J. Brazzale ◽  
Leigh M. Seccombe ◽  
Liam Welsh ◽  
Celia J. Lanteri ◽  
Claude S. Farah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Lung Function ◽  
Transfer Factor ◽  
Teaching Hospitals ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Reference Set ◽  
Reference Equations ◽  
Lower Limit Of Normal ◽  
A Current

The recently published Global Lung Function Initiative (GLI) carbon monoxide transfer factor (TLCO) reference equations provide an opportunity to adopt a current, all-age, widely applicable reference set. The aim of this study was to document the effect of changing to GLI from commonly utilised reference equations on the interpretation of TLCO results.33 863 TLCO results (48% female, 88% Caucasian, n=930 aged <18 years) from clinical pulmonary function laboratories within three Australian teaching hospitals were analysed. The lower limit of normal (LLN) and proportion of patients with a TLCO below this value were calculated using GLI and other commonly used reference equations.The average TLCO LLN for GLI was similar or lower than the other equations, with the largest difference seen for Crapo equations (median: −1.25, IQR: −1.64, −0.86 mmol·min−1·kPa−1). These differences resulted in altered rates of reduced TLCO for GLI particularly for adults (+1.9% versus Miller to −27.6% versus Crapo), more so than for children (−0.8% versus Kim to −14.2% versus Cotes). For adults, the highest raw agreement for GLI was with Miller equations (94.7%), while for children it was with Kim equations (98.1%). Results were reclassified from abnormal to normal more frequently for younger adults, and for adult females, particularly when moving from Roca to GLI equations (30% of females versus 16% of males).The adoption of GLI TLCO reference equations in adults will result in altered interpretation depending on the equations previously used and to a greater extent in adult females. The effect on interpretation in children is less significant.

Lung volumes and expiratory flow limitation during exercise in interstitial lung disease

1994 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 963-973 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. D. Marciniuk ◽  
G. Sridhar ◽  
R. E. Clemens ◽  
T. A. Zintel ◽  
C. G. Gallagher
Keyword(s):  
Interstitial Lung Disease ◽  
Lung Disease ◽  
Lung Volume ◽  
Total Lung Capacity ◽  
Flow Limitation ◽  
Expiratory Flow Limitation ◽  
Lung Volumes ◽  
Lung Capacity ◽  
Ventilatory Capacity ◽  
Expiratory Flow

Lung volumes were measured at rest and during exercise by an open-circuit N2-washout technique in patients with interstitial lung disease (ILD). Exercise tidal flow-volume (F-V) curves were also compared with maximal F-V curves to investigate whether these patients demonstrated flow limitation. Seven patients underwent 4 min of constant work rate bicycle ergometer exercise at 40, 70, and 90% of their previously determined maximal work rates. End-expiratory lung volume and total lung capacity were measured at rest and near the end of each period of exercise. There was no significant change in end-expiratory lung volume or total lung capacity when resting measurements were compared with measurements at 40, 70, and 90% work rates. During exercise, expiratory flow limitation was evident in four patients who reported stopping exercise because of dyspnea. In the remaining patients who discontinued exercise because of leg fatigue, no flow limitation was evident. In all patients, the mean ratio of maximal minute ventilation to maximal ventilatory capacity (calculated from maximal F-V curves) was 67%. We conclude that lung volumes during exercise do not significantly differ from those at rest in this population and that patients with ILD may demonstrate expiratory flow limitation during exercise. Furthermore, because most patients with ILD are not breathing near their maximal ventilatory capacity at the end of exercise, we suggest that respiratory mechanics are not the primary cause of their exercise limitation.

Pulmonary Function Abnormalities in Thalassemia Patients on a Hypertransfusion Program

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 65 (5) ◽  
pp. 1013-1017
Author(s):  
Thomas G. Keens ◽  
Margaret H. O'Neal ◽  
Jorge A. Ortega ◽  
Carol B. Hyman ◽  
Arnold C.G. Platzker
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
Total Lung Capacity ◽  
Small Airway ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Diffusing Capacity ◽  
Lung Capacity ◽  
Nitrogen Washout ◽  
Single Breath ◽  
Expiratory Flow

Pulmonary function tests were performed in 12 thalassemia patients on a hypertransfusion program (age 18.4 ± 2.6 SEM years) to determine the presence of any abnormalities of lung function. These included spirometry, expiratory flow rates, body plethysmography, single-breath nitrogen washout, single breath carbon monoxide diffusing capacity, and arterial blood gases. Only one patient had normal pulmonary function. Arterial hypoxemia was present in ten of 12 patients at rest. The total lung capacity (TLC) was normal. The residual volume was abnormally increased in five of 12 patients. The slope of phase III of single breath nitrogen washout curve was abnormal in five of 12 patients, but the closing volume was normal. The maximal expiratory flow rate at 60% total lung capacity was decreased in four of 12 patients, suggesting the presence of small airway disease. The single breath carbon monoxide diffusing capacity was normal in all patients. These pulmonary function abnormalities did not correlate with age or the cumulative amount of iron via blood transfused. The small airway obstruction, hyperinflation; and hypoxemia observed in thalassemia patients on a hypertransfusion program may result from the basic disease, iron deposition in the lungs, or other factors.

Pulmonary function alterations after 3 wk of exposure to hypobaria and/or hypoxia in growing rats

1995 ◽  
Vol 78 (5) ◽  
pp. 1787-1792 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. S. Sekhon ◽  
J. L. Wright ◽  
W. M. Thurlbeck
Keyword(s):  
Lung Function ◽  
Forced Vital Capacity ◽  
Hypobaric Hypoxia ◽  
Vital Capacity ◽  
Total Lung Capacity ◽  
Ambient Pressure ◽  
Normobaric Hypoxia ◽  
Lung Growth ◽  
Lung Capacity ◽  
Expiratory Flow

We studied lung growth in rats between 4 and 7 wk of age under different conditions. There were five groups, seven animals in each: 1) general controls (ambient pressure and room air, food ad libitum); 2) hypobaric normoxic [barometric pressure (PB) 410 mmHg, PO2 153 Torr]; 3) normobaric hypoxic (ambient pressure, PO2 80 Torr); 4) hypobaric hypoxic (PB 410 mmHg, PO2 80 Torr); and 5) weight-matched controls to hypobaric hypoxic. Residual volume, functional residual capacity, vital capacity, and total lung capacity grew 10–20% more in both hypoxic groups than in weight-matched and general controls. Expiratory flow rates corrected for forced vital capacity decreased, and specific airway resistance increased significantly. In addition, the ratio of forced expiratory volume in 0.1 s to %forced vital capacity, peak expiratory flow rate, and forced maximal midexpiratory flow were also lower in normobaric hypoxic animals compared with weight-matched controls. Above a transpulmonary pressure of 6 cmH2O, flows were reduced in both hypoxic groups. No differences were observed between hypobaric normoxic and general control groups for lung volume and lung function. In weight-matched animals, total lung capacity decreased but lung function remained unchanged. We conclude that accelerated lung growth in hypobaric hypoxia and normobaric hypoxia is dysanaptic. Lung growth in hypobaric hypoxia is primarily induced by low oxygen, but differences between hypobaric hypoxia and normobaric hypoxia suggest a beneficial effect of low pressure.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document