Watershed responses to Amazon soya bean cropland expansion and intensification

The expansion and intensification of soya bean agriculture in southeastern Amazonia can alter watershed hydrology and biogeochemistry by changing the land cover, water balance and nutrient inputs. Several new insights on the responses of watershed hydrology and biogeochemistry to deforestation in Mato Grosso have emerged from recent intensive field campaigns in this region. Because of reduced evapotranspiration, total water export increases threefold to fourfold in soya bean watersheds compared with forest. However, the deep and highly permeable soils on the broad plateaus on which much of the soya bean cultivation has expanded buffer small soya bean watersheds against increased stormflows. Concentrations of nitrate and phosphate do not differ between forest or soya bean watersheds because fixation of phosphorus fertilizer by iron and aluminium oxides and anion exchange of nitrate in deep soils restrict nutrient movement. Despite resistance to biogeochemical change, streams in soya bean watersheds have higher temperatures caused by impoundments and reduction of bordering riparian forest. In larger rivers, increased water flow, current velocities and sediment flux following deforestation can reshape stream morphology, suggesting that cumulative impacts of deforestation in small watersheds will occur at larger scales.

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Land-use-driven stream warming in southeastern Amazonia

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences ◽

10.1098/rstb.2012.0153 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 368 (1619) ◽

pp. 20120153 ◽

Cited By ~ 80

Author(s):

Marcia N. Macedo ◽

Michael T. Coe ◽

Ruth DeFries ◽

Maria Uriarte ◽

Paulo M. Brando ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Land Use ◽

Crop Production ◽

Large Scale ◽

Management Practices ◽

Forest Cover ◽

Riparian Forest ◽

Soya Bean ◽

Nutrient Inputs ◽

Mato Grosso ◽

Small Streams

Large-scale cattle and crop production are the primary drivers of deforestation in the Amazon today. Such land-use changes can degrade stream ecosystems by reducing connectivity, changing light and nutrient inputs, and altering the quantity and quality of streamwater. This study integrates field data from 12 catchments with satellite-derived information for the 176 000 km 2 upper Xingu watershed (Mato Grosso, Brazil). We quantify recent land-use transitions and evaluate the influence of land management on streamwater temperature, an important determinant of habitat quality in small streams. By 2010, over 40 per cent of catchments outside protected areas were dominated (greater than 60% of area) by agriculture, with an estimated 10 000 impoundments in the upper Xingu. Streams in pasture and soya bean watersheds were significantly warmer than those in forested watersheds, with average daily maxima over 4°C higher in pasture and 3°C higher in soya bean. The upstream density of impoundments and riparian forest cover accounted for 43 per cent of the variation in temperature. Scaling up, our model suggests that management practices associated with recent agricultural expansion may have already increased headwater stream temperatures across the Xingu. Although increased temperatures could negatively impact stream biota, conserving or restoring riparian buffers could reduce predicted warming by as much as fivefold.

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Tidal Asymmetry in Ocean-Boundary Flux and In-Estuary Trapping of Suspended Sediment Following Watershed Storms: San Francisco Estuary, California, USA

Estuaries and Coasts ◽

10.1007/s12237-021-00929-y ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Maureen A. Downing-Kunz ◽

Paul A. Work ◽

David H. Schoellhamer

Keyword(s):

Suspended Sediment ◽

San Francisco ◽

Sediment Resuspension ◽

San Francisco Estuary ◽

Sediment Flux ◽

Golden Gate ◽

Storm Events ◽

Suspended Sediment Flux ◽

Field Campaigns ◽

Ocean Boundary

AbstractSuspended-sediment flux at the ocean boundary of the San Francisco Estuary—the Golden Gate—was measured over a tidal cycle following peak watershed runoff from storms to the estuary in two successive years to investigate sediment transport through the estuary. Observations were repeated during low-runoff conditions, for a total of three field campaigns. Boat-based measurements of velocity and acoustic backscatter were used to calculate water and suspended-sediment flux at a location 1 km landward of the Golden Gate. Suspended-sediment concentration (SSC) and salinity data from up-estuary sensors were used to track watershed-sourced sediment plumes through the estuary. Estimates of suspended-sediment load from the watershed and net suspended-sediment flux for one up-estuary subembayment were used to infer in-estuary trapping of sediment. For both post-storm field campaigns, observations at the ocean boundary were conducted on the receding limb of the watershed hydrograph. At the ocean boundary, peak instantaneous suspended-sediment flux was tidally asymmetric and was greater on flood tides than on ebb tides for all three field campaigns, due to higher average SSC in the cross-section on flood tides. Shear-induced sediment resuspension was greater on flood tides and suggests the presence of an erodible pool outside the estuary. The storms in 2016 led to less export of discharge and sediment from the watershed and greater sediment trapping within one up-estuary subembayment compared to that observed in 2017. Results suggest that substantial trapping of watershed sediments occurred during both storm events, likely due to the formation of estuarine turbidity maxima (ETM) at different locations in the estuary. ETM locations were forced nearer the ocean boundary in 2017. Additional measurements and modeling are required to quantify the long-term sediment flux at the Golden Gate.

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Plant inhabiting mites (Acari) from the Cerrado biome of Mato Grosso State, Brazil

Zootaxa ◽

10.11646/zootaxa.2061.1.3 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 2061 (1) ◽

pp. 45-60 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

PETERSON R. DEMITE ◽

REINALDO J. F. FERES ◽

ANTONIO C. LOFEGO ◽

ANIBAL R. OLIVEIRA

Keyword(s):

Species Richness ◽

Plant Species ◽

Riparian Forest ◽

Mite Species ◽

Southern Region ◽

Undescribed Species ◽

Mato Grosso ◽

Specific Identification ◽

Cerrado Biome ◽

Frequent Species

This study reports on the mites associated with plants in two Cerrado formations: Cerradão and Riparian Forest, located in Itiquira, in the southern region of Mato Grosso State, Brazil. A total of 67 mite species was collected, belonging to 20 families in the suborders Gamasida, Actinedida, Acaridida and Oribatida. Phytoseiidae (13 species) and Tarsonemidae (11 species) were the families with the greatest richness. Iphiseiodes zuluagai (Denmark & Muma) (Phytoseiidae), Lamellobates (Lamellobates) sp. (Oribatida, Austrachipteriidae) and Agistemus sp. (Prostigmata, Stigmaeidae) were the most frequent species, collected on eleven, ten and nine plant species, respectively. Among the plants found during the fieldwork, the plant species Bauhinia longifolia (Bong.) Steud. (Caesalpinaceae), collected in the Riparian Forest formation, contained the highest species richness (28 species). The specific identification of approximately 70% of the taxa collected was not possible. For these reasons, surveys of mites in natural areas that include estimates of the ratio of undescribed species are important, because they provide a panorama of the great diversity of unknown mite fauna in these environments.

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Ichthyofauna from three streams of the lower Iguatemi River in the upper Paraná river basin, Brazil

Check List ◽

10.15560/14.2.363 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 363-378 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Valéria Flávia Batista-Silva ◽

Augusto Frota ◽

Elaine Antoniassi Luiz Kashiwaqui ◽

Milza Celi Fedatto Abelha ◽

Dayani Bailly ◽

...

Keyword(s):

River Basin ◽

Soil Conservation ◽

Forest Restoration ◽

Riparian Forest ◽

Abundant Species ◽

Conservation Practices ◽

Mato Grosso ◽

Santa Maria ◽

Mato Grosso Do Sul

The ichthyofauna from 3 streams (Água Boa, Perobão, and Santa Maria) to the lower Iguatemi River were inventoried, which is located in the upper Paraná river basin, in Mato Grosso do Sul state, Brazil. Sites in the upper, intermediate, and lower portions of each stream were quarterly electrofished from March to December 2008. All sampled fish (n = 6,816 individuals) represented 43 species of 5 orders, and 16 families. The most abundant species was Phalloceros harpagos (63.5%), followed by Astyanax aff. paranae (10.6%), Hypostomus ancistroides (5.9%), Gymnotus inaequilabiatus (3.4%), and Knodus moenkhausii (2.7%). Despite the high ichthyofauna richness in the lower portion of Iguatemi River, the need to implement and/or expand soil conservation practices and riparian forest restoration is of utmost importance to maintain these populations in the long term.

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Phytoseiidae (Parasitiformes: Mesostigmata) from the Pantanal, Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil

Systematic and Applied Acarology ◽

10.11158/saa.24.4.6 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 24 (4) ◽

pp. 587

Author(s):

Adriano Luis Mendonça ◽

Antonio Carlos Lofego ◽

Anildo Pott ◽

Rodrigo Damasco Daud ◽

Peterson Rodrigo Demite

Keyword(s):

Plant Species ◽

Host Plants ◽

Riparian Forest ◽

Common Species ◽

Native Vegetation ◽

Biological Control Agents ◽

Phytoseiid Mites ◽

Mato Grosso ◽

Mato Grosso Do Sul ◽

High Diversity

Phytoseiidae is the most extensively studied family of predatory mites, some of which are effectively used as biological control agents. Nevertheless, studies of these mites in some Brazilian biomes such as the Pantanal are still scarce. The objective this publication was to assess the diversity of this family in Pantanal vegetation from Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil, verifying the importance of the native plants as reservoirs for these mites. Samplings were carried out in five phytophysiognomies of the Pantanal: Cambarazal, Capão (forest islet), Carandazal, Riparian Forest and Paratudal. Thirty-five phytoseiid species were recorded on 40 plant species of 28 families. The most common species were Amblyseius chiapensis De Leon and Euseius concordis De Leon, recorded on 21 and 18 plant species, respectively. Inga vera Willd. (Fabaceae) and Paullinia pinnata L. (Sapindaceae) were the host plants harboring the greatest richness of phytoseiids, 15 and 14 species, respectively. Our results suggest a high diversity of phytoseiid mites in the Pantanal biome. However, as only a small proportion of the total biome area was considered, only a fraction of the mite diversity was probably recovered. Thus, new studies on this biome are needed, especially in other well-preserved native vegetation remnants.

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Flora of inland Atlantic riparian forests in southwestern Brazil

Biota Neotropica ◽

10.1590/1676-06032015008313 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 15 (3) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Claudenice Faxina ◽

Erich Fischer ◽

Arnildo Pott

Keyword(s):

Atlantic Forest ◽

Riparian Forest ◽

Wide Distribution ◽

Mato Grosso ◽

Riparian Species ◽

Conyza Bonariensis ◽

Distribution Ranges ◽

Seasonally Flooded ◽

Reproductive Individual ◽

Mato Grosso Do Sul

The flora of the Atlantic Rainforest of Mato Grosso do Sul, southwestern Brazil, has not been inventoried in spite of being the westernmost inland region of this domain. We present an inventory of the riparian flora of inland Atlantic Forest in Mato Grosso do Sul. We describe the species distribution along three habitats with contrasting flood conditions: non-flooded, seasonally flooded, and swampy forests. The inventory consisted of sampling every reproductive individual, during 12 months on 1.12 ha of plots inside a 24 ha study area. We recorded 1967 individuals of 253 species and 72 families. The most representative families in number of species were Asteraceae (27), Fabaceae (19), Myrtaceae (17), Cyperaceae (12), Rubiaceae, Solanaceae and Orchidaceae (10 each). The most abundant reproductive species were Guarea macrophylla (169 individuals), Miconia chamissois (85) and Conyza bonariensis (80). Eleven species of six families were recorded for the first time in Mato Grosso do Sul, two of them endemic to the Atlantic Forest - Passiflora jilekii and Capanema micromera. We found 119 species exclusively in non-flooded habitat, 19 in seasonally flooded habitat, and 31 in swampy forest. Guarea macrophylla was the most frequent species in swampy forest, and Gochnatia polymorpha in non-flooded. The riparian forest flora at the study site resembles the Atlantic Forest and includes wide distribution riparian species; the variation of flood conditions among habitats favors its richness. Our records add new occurrences for Mato Grosso do Sul and new distribution ranges for some plant species, what arises concern upon the local biodiversity conservation.

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Stream fish from recently deforested basins in the Meridional Amazon, Mato Grosso, Brazil

Biota Neotropica ◽

10.1590/1676-0611-bn-2019-0744 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Lilian Casatti ◽

Gabriel Lourenço Brejão ◽

Fernando Rogério Carvalho ◽

Hugmar Pains da Silva ◽

María Angélica Pérez-Mayorga ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Native Species ◽

Fish Assemblages ◽

Production Systems ◽

Riparian Forest ◽

Stream Fish ◽

Generic Level ◽

Mato Grosso ◽

Physical And Chemical Variables ◽

Forest Streams ◽

Physical And Chemical

Abstract: The replacement of tropical forests to production systems is one of the leading causes of riverine ecosystem alterations. However, current assemblages’ composition may also result from the time since these transformations have begun. Therefore, the knowledge of diversified historical scenarios can facilitate the accomplishment of actions that involve the aquatic environments recovery. In this study, an inventory of stream fish was carried out in basins whose deforestation was intensified in the last 20 years, to compose a baseline for ecological and taxonomic studies. The habitat, physical and chemical variables, and the fish assemblages from 60 streams in the northwest region of the state of Mato Grosso, in the Aripuanã and Juruena river basins, were sampled with standardized procedures. For a total of 130 species, a numerical predominance of small-sized Characidae and great rarity were registered, with 50 species represented by less than ten individuals and 19 singletons. Approximately 15% of the sampled taxa were identified only at the generic level, and for several taxa, more detailed taxonomic and molecular studies are required in order to achieve satisfactory identifications. None threatened species were so far reported. On the other hand, two specimens of non-native species were sampled. Although habitat quality is higher in forested streams, no differences in the species richness were registered when compared to the pasture with riparian forest streams or to more deforested streams. However, abundance was greater in these last two streams groups as a result of small-sized characins dominance.

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The fate of phosphorus fertilizer in Amazon soya bean fields

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences ◽

10.1098/rstb.2012.0154 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 368 (1619) ◽

pp. 20120154 ◽

Cited By ~ 35

Author(s):

Shelby H. Riskin ◽

Stephen Porder ◽

Christopher Neill ◽

Adelaine Michela e Silva Figueira ◽

Carmen Tubbesing ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sorption Capacity ◽

Agricultural Soils ◽

Freshwater Ecosystems ◽

Soya Bean ◽

Agricultural System ◽

Mato Grosso ◽

Soil P ◽

Hedley Fractionation ◽

Long Time ◽

High Yields

Fertilizer-intensive soya bean agriculture has recently expanded in southeastern Amazonia, and whereas intensive fertilizer use in the temperate zone has led to widespread eutrophication of freshwater ecosystems, the effects in tropical systems are less well understood. We examined the fate of fertilizer phosphorus (P) by comparing P forms and budgets across a chronosequence of soya bean fields (converted to soya beans between 2003 and 2008) and forests on an 800 km 2 soya bean farm in Mato Grosso, Brazil. Soya bean fields were fertilized with 50 kg P ha −1 yr −1 (30 kg P ha −1 yr −1 above what is removed in crops). We used modified Hedley fractionation to quantify soil P pools and found increases in less-plant-available inorganic pools and decreases in organic pools in agricultural soils compared with forest. Fertilizer P did not move below 20 cm. Measurements of P sorption capacity suggest that while fertilizer inputs quench close to half of the sorption capacity of fast-reacting pools, most added P is bound in more slowly reacting pools. Our data suggest that this agricultural system currently has a low risk of P losses to waterways and that long time-scales are required to reach critical soil thresholds that would allow continued high yields with reduced fertilizer inputs.

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Assemblage of immature Odonata (Insecta, Anisoptera) in streams of the Mato Grosso do Sul State: spatial implications

Iheringia Série Zoologia ◽

10.1590/1678-476620151053325332 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 105 (3) ◽

pp. 325-332 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Juliane A. C. Soares ◽

Valéria F. Batista-Silva ◽

Daiane D. Boneto ◽

Dayani Bailly ◽

Milza C. F. Abelha ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Spatial Autocorrelation ◽

Riparian Forest ◽

Mantel Test ◽

Spatial Variations ◽

Principal Coordinates Analysis ◽

Mato Grosso ◽

First Order ◽

Principal Coordinates ◽

Spatial Differences ◽

Mato Grosso Do Sul

ABSTRACT This study investigated the assemblages attributes (composition, abundance, richness, diversity and evenness) and the most representative genera of Odonata, Anisoptera at Água Boa and Perobão Streams, Iguatemi River basin, Brazil. Both are first order streams with similar length that are impacted by riparian forest removal and silting. Quarterly samplings were conducted from March to December 2008 in the upper, intermediate and lower stretch of each stream. The Mantel test was used to check the influence of spatial autocorrelation on the Odonata composition. Spatial variations in the composition were summarized by the Principal Coordinates Analysis (PCoA) using Mantel test residuals. The effects of spatial correlation on richness and abundance were investigated by the spatial correlogram of Moranʼs I coefficients. The most representative genera in each stream were identified by the Indicator Value Method. The spatial variations in the attributes of the assemblages were assessed using analysis of variance of null models. We collected 500 immature individuals of 23 genera and three families. Among the attributes analyzed only the composition and abundance showed significant spatial differences, with the highest mean abundance found in the Perobão Stream. Miathyria and Zenithoptera were the indicator genera of the Água Boa Stream and Erythrodiplax, Libellula, Macrothemis, Progomphus and Tramea were the indicator genera of the Perobão Stream.

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Microbial biomass in a haplic gleysol in the Mato Grosso State Pantanal

Comunicata Scientiae ◽

10.14295/cs.v8i2.543 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 209-213

Author(s):

Daniela Tiago da Silva Campos ◽

Maíra De Emílio Martins ◽

Indira Ashant Martins Messias ◽

Patrícia Teles MEdeiros

Keyword(s):

Microbial Biomass ◽

Organic Carbon ◽

Riparian Forest ◽

Organic Carbon Content ◽

Mato Grosso ◽

Cerrado Vegetation ◽

Water Conditions ◽

Microbial Quotient ◽

Flood Period ◽

Bacteria And Fungi

The Pantanal is a biome that lives under water conditions and resists to two very distinct periods: flooded and drained. The objective of this study was to evaluate the behavior and quantify the microbial biomass during the flood period, in soils under riparian forest and cerrado vegetation in Mato Grosso State pantanal, at two depths. At depths of 0.00-0.05 m, the highest levels of C-BM and RB were found in cerrado soils; for the metabolic quotient no differences were observed in the two vegetations; the total organic carbon content was higher in riparian forest soils and the microbial quotient was higher in cerrado soils. Bacteria and fungi were found to be more abundant in the cerrado soil at the two evaluated depths and the actinomycetes in the forest. It is concluded that in the flood period there are the presence of active microorganisms which produce a differentiated biomass due to the phytophysiognomy of the location.

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