scholarly journals Metabolism of azo dyes by human skin microbiota

2010 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 108-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin L. Stingley ◽  
Wen Zou ◽  
Thomas M. Heinze ◽  
Huizhong Chen ◽  
Carl E. Cerniglia
Keyword(s):  
Human Skin ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Assessment Process ◽  
Ionization Mass ◽  
Stationary Growth ◽  
Staph Aureus ◽  
Proteomic Data ◽  
Skin Bacteria ◽  
Staphylococcus Capitis ◽  
Ponceau S

Reduction of Methyl Red (MR) and Orange II (Or II) by 26 human skin bacterial species was monitored by a rapid spectrophotometric assay. The analysis indicated that skin bacteria, representing the genera Staphylococcus, Corynebacterium, Micrococcus, Dermacoccus and Kocuria, were able to reduce MR by 74–100 % in 24 h, with only three species unable to reduce completely the dye in that time. Among the species tested, only Corynebacterium xerosis was unable to reduce Or II to any degree by 24 h, and only Staphylococcus delphini, Staphylococcus sciuri subsp. sciuri and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were able to reduce completely this dye within 24 h. MR reduction started with early-exponential growth in Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis, and around late-exponential/early-stationary growth in P. aeruginosa. Reduction of Or II, Ponceau S and Ponceau BS started during late-exponential/early-stationary growth for all three species. Using liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization mass spectrometry analyses, MR metabolites produced by Staph. aureus, Staph. epidermidis and P. aeruginosa were identified as N,N-dimethyl-p-phenylenediamine and 2-aminobenzoic acid. Searches of available genomic and proteomic data revealed that at least four of the staphylococci in this study, Staphylococcus haemolyticus, Staph. epidermidis, Staphylococcus cohnii and Staphylococcus saprophyticus, have hypothetical genes with 77, 76, 75 and 74 % sequence identity to azo1 encoding an azoreductase from Staph. aureus and hypothetical proteins with 82, 80, 72 and 74 % identity to Azo1, respectively. In addition, Staphylococcus capitis has a protein with 79 % identity to Azo1. Western analysis detected proteins similar to Azo1 in all the staphylococci tested, except Staph. delphini, Staph. sciuri subsp. sciuri and Staphylococcus auricularis. The data presented in this report will be useful in the risk assessment process for evaluation of public exposure to products containing these dyes.

scholarly journals Deleterious Effects of an Air Pollutant (NO2) on a Selection of Commensal Skin Bacterial Strains, Potential Contributor to Dysbiosis?

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xavier Janvier ◽  
Stéphane Alexandre ◽  
Amine M. Boukerb ◽  
Djouhar Souak ◽  
Olivier Maillot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Human Skin ◽  
Nitrosative Stress ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Skin Microbiota ◽  
Staphylococcus Capitis ◽  
Short Period ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Gas Exposure

The skin constitutes with its microbiota the first line of body defense against exogenous stress including air pollution. Especially in urban or sub-urban areas, it is continuously exposed to many environmental pollutants including gaseous nitrogen dioxide (gNO2). Nowadays, it is well established that air pollution has major effects on the human skin, inducing various diseases often associated with microbial dysbiosis. However, very few is known about the impact of pollutants on skin microbiota. In this study, a new approach was adopted, by considering the alteration of the cutaneous microbiota by air pollutants as an indirect action of the harmful molecules on the skin. The effects of gNO2 on this bacterial skin microbiota was investigated using a device developed to mimic the real-life contact of the gNO2 with bacteria on the surface of the skin. Five strains of human skin commensal bacteria were considered, namely Staphylococcus aureus MFP03, Staphylococcus epidermidis MFP04, Staphylococcus capitis MFP08, Pseudomonas fluorescens MFP05, and Corynebacterium tuberculostearicum CIP102622. Bacteria were exposed to high concentration of gNO2 (10 or 80 ppm) over a short period of 2 h inside the gas exposure device. The physiological, morphological, and molecular responses of the bacteria after the gas exposure were assessed and compared between the different strains and the two gNO2 concentrations. A highly significant deleterious effect of gNO2 was highlighted, particularly for S. capitis MFP08 and C. tuberculostearicum CIP102622, while S. aureus MFP03 seems to be the less sensitive strain. It appeared that the impact of this nitrosative stress differs according to the bacterial species and the gNO2 concentration. Thus the exposition to gNO2 as an air pollutant could contribute to dysbiosis, which would affect skin homeostasis. The response of the microbiota to the nitrosative stress could be involved in some pathologies such as atopic dermatitis.

Air and hygiene quality in crowded housing environments – a case study of subdivided units in Hong Kong

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ka Man Lai ◽  
Ka Man Lee ◽  
William Yu
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Urban Poor ◽  
Micrococcus Luteus ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Bacterial Counts ◽  
Building Conditions ◽  
Skin Bacteria ◽  
Allergen Analysis ◽  
Staphylococcus Spp

The purpose of this study is to explore the environmental quality and hygiene in crowded living environments, subdivided units in Hong Kong. Subdivided units are an emerging form of housing environment for the urban poor. It is hypothesised that subdivided unit residents have a higher risk of exposure to poor hygiene conditions but no measurement has ever been taken to test this hypothesis. Twenty questionnaires and environmental assessments were conducted. Dominant bacterial species were identified as Micrococcus luteus and Staphylococcus spp., and the microbial counts were correlated with building, occupants and environmental parameters. Driven by the high bacterial counts and poor hygiene observation, eight subdivided units were selected for endotoxin, glucan and allergen analysis in bed and floor dust. Total airborne bacterial counts and endotoxin and glucan in dust were found at very high levels in some subdivided units, while unexpectedly, the allergen and mould levels were low. In crowded environments the skin bacteria may mislead the environmental and atmospheric bacterial contamination. Outdoor microbial pollution and deteriorated building conditions can be the main source of indoor contamination. ‘Good’ or ‘Excellent’ class of bacterial counts satisfying the Indoor Air Quality Objective does not guarantee a low endotoxin and glucan level.

Differentiation of Staphylococcus spp. by high-resolution melting analysis

2010 ◽  
Vol 56 (12) ◽  
pp. 1040-1049 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michal Slany ◽  
Martina Vanerkova ◽  
Eva Nemcova ◽  
Barbora Zaloudikova ◽  
Filip Ruzicka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
16S Rrna ◽  
16S Rrna Gene ◽  
High Resolution Melting ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
High Resolution Melting Analysis ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Staphylococcus Capitis ◽  
Melting Analysis ◽  
The 16S Rrna Gene

High-resolution melting analysis (HRMA) is a fast (post-PCR) high-throughput method to scan for sequence variations in a target gene. The aim of this study was to test the potential of HRMA to distinguish particular bacterial species of the Staphylococcus genus even when using a broad-range PCR within the 16S rRNA gene where sequence differences are minimal. Genomic DNA samples isolated from 12 reference staphylococcal strains ( Staphylococcus aureus , Staphylococcus capitis , Staphylococcus caprae , Staphylococcus epidermidis , Staphylococcus haemolyticus , Staphylococcus hominis , Staphylococcus intermedius , Staphylococcus saprophyticus , Staphylococcus sciuri , Staphylococcus simulans , Staphylococcus warneri , and Staphylococcus xylosus ) were subjected to a real-time PCR amplification of the 16S rRNA gene in the presence of fluorescent dye EvaGreen™, followed by HRMA. Melting profiles were used as molecular fingerprints for bacterial species differentiation. HRMA of S. saprophyticus and S. xylosus resulted in undistinguishable profiles because of their identical sequences in the analyzed 16S rRNA region. The remaining reference strains were fully differentiated either directly or via high-resolution plots obtained by heteroduplex formation between coamplified PCR products of the tested staphylococcal strain and phylogenetically unrelated strain.

scholarly journals Draft Genome Sequence of Streptomyces mexicanus Strain Q0842, Isolated from Human Skin

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (44) ◽  
Author(s):  
Manon Boxberger ◽  
Mariem Ben Khedher ◽  
Anthony Levasseur ◽  
Bernard La Scola
Keyword(s):  
Human Skin ◽  
Genome Sequencing ◽  
Genome Sequence ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Draft Genome ◽  
Gc Content ◽  
Draft Genome Sequence ◽  
Swab Sample ◽  
Partial Genome Sequence ◽  
Partial Genome

ABSTRACT In 2003, Streptomyces mexicanus was reported as a novel xylanolytic bacterial species isolated from soil; a partial genome sequence was determined. In 2019, a strain from the same species was isolated from a hand skin swab sample from a healthy French woman. Genome sequencing revealed an 8,011,832-bp sequence with a GC content of 72.5%.

scholarly journals Antifungal Bacteria on Woodland Salamander Skin Exhibit High Taxonomic Diversity and Geographic Variability

2017 ◽  
Vol 83 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carly R. Muletz-Wolz ◽  
Graziella V. DiRenzo ◽  
Stephanie A. Yarwood ◽  
Evan H. Campbell Grant ◽  
Robert C. Fleischer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Batrachochytrium Dendrobatidis ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Amphibian Skin ◽  
Amphibian Species ◽  
Protective Function ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Skin Bacteria ◽  
Salamander Species

ABSTRACT Diverse bacteria inhabit amphibian skin; some of those bacteria inhibit growth of the fungal pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis. Yet there has been no systematic survey of anti-B. dendrobatidis bacteria across localities, species, and elevations. This is important given geographic and taxonomic variations in amphibian susceptibility to B. dendrobatidis. Our collection sites were at locations within the Appalachian Mountains where previous sampling had indicated low B. dendrobatidis prevalence. We determined the numbers and identities of anti-B. dendrobatidis bacteria on 61 Plethodon salamanders (37 P. cinereus, 15 P. glutinosus, 9 P. cylindraceus) via culturing methods and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. We sampled co-occurring species at three localities and sampled P. cinereus along an elevational gradient (700 to 1,000 meters above sea level [masl]) at one locality. We identified 50 anti-B. dendrobatidis bacterial operational taxonomic units (OTUs) and found that the degree of B. dendrobatidis inhibition was not correlated with relatedness. Five anti-B. dendrobatidis bacterial strains occurred on multiple amphibian species at multiple localities, but none were shared among all species and localities. The prevalence of anti-B. dendrobatidis bacteria was higher at Shenandoah National Park (NP), VA, with 96% (25/26) of salamanders hosting at least one anti-B. dendrobatidis bacterial species compared to 50% (7/14) at Catoctin Mountain Park (MP), MD, and 38% (8/21) at Mt. Rogers National Recreation Area (NRA), VA. At the individual level, salamanders at Shenandoah NP had more anti-B. dendrobatidis bacteria per individual (μ = 3.3) than those at Catoctin MP (μ = 0.8) and at Mt. Rogers NRA (μ = 0.4). All salamanders tested negative for B. dendrobatidis. Anti-B. dendrobatidis bacterial species are diverse in central Appalachian Plethodon salamanders, and their distribution varied geographically. The antifungal bacterial species that we identified may play a protective role for these salamanders. IMPORTANCE Amphibians harbor skin bacteria that can kill an amphibian fungal pathogen, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis. Some amphibians die from B. dendrobatidis infection, whereas others do not. The bacteria that can kill B. dendrobatidis, called anti-B. dendrobatidis bacteria, are thought to influence the B. dendrobatidis infection outcome for the amphibian. Yet how anti-B. dendrobatidis bacterial species vary among amphibian species and populations is unknown. We determined the distribution of anti-B. dendrobatidis bacterial species among three salamander species (n = 61) sampled at three localities. We identified 50 unique anti-B. dendrobatidis bacterial species and found that all of the tested salamanders were negative for B. dendrobatidis. Five anti-B. dendrobatidis bacterial species were commonly detected, suggesting a stable, functional association with these salamanders. The number of anti-B. dendrobatidis bacteria per individual varied among localities but not among co-occurring salamander species, demonstrating that environment is more influential than host factors in structuring the anti-B. dendrobatidis bacterial community. These anti-B. dendrobatidis bacteria may serve a protective function for their salamander hosts.

scholarly journals Differential Attraction of Malaria Mosquitoes to Volatile Blends Produced by Human Skin Bacteria

PLoS ONE ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (12) ◽  
pp. e15829 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niels O. Verhulst ◽  
Rob Andriessen ◽  
Ulrike Groenhagen ◽  
Gabriella Bukovinszkiné Kiss ◽  
Stefan Schulz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Skin ◽  
Skin Bacteria ◽  
Malaria Mosquitoes ◽  
Differential Attraction

Identification of human skin bacteria attractive to the Asian Tiger mosquito

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (12) ◽  
pp. 4662-4674
Author(s):  
Serge Michalet ◽  
Guillaume Minard ◽  
Wilfried Chevalier ◽  
Guillaume Meiffren ◽  
Yoann Saucereau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Skin ◽  
Asian Tiger Mosquito ◽  
Skin Bacteria ◽  
Asian Tiger ◽  
Tiger Mosquito

scholarly journals The Landscape of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Membrane-Associated Proteins

Cells ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 2421
Author(s):  
Sara Motta ◽  
Davide Vecchietti ◽  
Alessandra M. Martorana ◽  
Pietro Brunetti ◽  
Giovanni Bertoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Outer Membrane ◽  
Protein Identification ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Outer Membrane Proteins ◽  
Protein Domains ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Inner Membrane ◽  
Proteomic Data ◽  
Associated Proteins

Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa cell envelope-associated proteins play a relevant role in infection mechanisms. They can contribute to the antibiotic resistance of the bacterial cells and be involved in the interaction with host cells. Thus, studies contributing to elucidating these key molecular elements are of great importance to find alternative therapeutics. Methods: Proteins and peptides were extracted by different methods and analyzed by Multidimensional Protein Identification Technology (MudPIT) approach. Proteomic data were processed by Discoverer2.1 software and multivariate statistics, i.e., Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA), while the Immune Epitope Database (IEDB) resources were used to predict antigenicity and immunogenicity of experimental identified peptides and proteins. Results: The combination of 29 MudPIT runs allowed the identification of 10,611 peptides and 2539 distinct proteins. Following application of extraction methods enriching specific protein domains, about 15% of total identified peptides were classified in trans inner-membrane, inner-membrane exposed, trans outer-membrane and outer-membrane exposed. In this scenario, nine outer membrane proteins (OprE, OprI, OprF, OprD, PagL, OprG, PA1053, PAL and PA0833) were predicted to be highly antigenic. Thus, they were further processed and epitopes target of T cells (MHC Class I and Class II) and B cells were predicted. Conclusion: The present study represents one of the widest characterizations of the P. aeruginosa membrane-associated proteome. The feasibility of our method may facilitates the investigation of other bacterial species whose envelope exposed protein domains are still unknown. Besides, the stepwise prioritization of proteome, by combining experimental proteomic data and reverse vaccinology, may be useful for reducing the number of proteins to be tested in vaccine development.

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