Unusual pathogenic B1 genotype (yjaA/TspE4.C2) detected among Escherichia coli from pig, chicken broiler meat and human extraintestinal infection

ABSTRACT Extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) and plasmid-mediated AmpC β-lactamases (pAmpC) are enzymes able to hydrolyze a large variety of β-lactam antibiotics, including third-generation cephalosporins and monobactams. Broilers and broiler meat products can be highly contaminated with ESBL- and pAmpC-producing Escherichia coli strains, also known as extended-spectrum cephalosporin (ESC)-resistant E. coli strains, and can be a source for human infections. As few data on interventions to reduce the presence of ESC-resistant E. coli in broilers are available, we used transmission experiments to examine the role of competitive exclusion (CE) on reducing transmission and excretion in broilers. A broiler model to study the transmission of ESC-resistant E. coli was set up. Day-old chickens were challenged with an ESBL-producing E. coli strain isolated from healthy broilers in the Netherlands. Challenged and not challenged chicks were housed together in pairs or in groups, and ESBL-producing E. coli transmission was monitored via selective culturing of cloacal swab specimens. We observed a statistically significant reduction in both the transmission and excretion of ESBL-producing E. coli in chicks treated with the probiotic flora before E. coli challenge compared to the transmission and excretion in untreated controls. In conclusion, our results support the use of competitive exclusion as an intervention strategy to control ESC-resistant E. coli in the field. IMPORTANCE Extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) and plasmid-mediated AmpC β-lactamases are a primary cause of resistance to β-lactam antibiotics among members of the family Enterobacteriaceae in humans, animals, and the environment. Food-producing animals are not exempt from this, with a high prevalence being seen in broilers, and there is evidence pointing to a possible foodborne source for human contamination. We investigated the effect of administration of a commercial probiotic product as an intervention to reduce the amount of ESBL-producing Escherichia coli in broilers. Our results showed a substantial reduction in the level of colonization of broiler intestines by ESBL-producing E. coli after administration of commercial probiotic product. The protective effect provided by these probiotics could be implemented on a larger scale in poultry production. Reductions in the levels of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae in the food chain would considerably benefit public health.

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Plasmid-Borne and Chromosomal ESBL/AmpC Genes in Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae in Global Food Products

Frontiers in Microbiology ◽

10.3389/fmicb.2021.592291 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Paula Kurittu ◽

Banafsheh Khakipoor ◽

Maria Aarnio ◽

Suvi Nykäsenoja ◽

Michael Brouwer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Multidrug Resistance ◽

Virulence Genes ◽

Food Products ◽

Whole Genome ◽

Beta Lactamase ◽

Broiler Meat ◽

E Coli ◽

Meat Samples ◽

Global Food

Plasmid-mediated extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL), AmpC, and carbapenemase producing Enterobacteriaceae, in particular Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae, with potential zoonotic transmission routes, are one of the greatest threats to global health. The aim of this study was to investigate global food products as potential vehicles for ESBL/AmpC-producing bacteria and identify plasmids harboring resistance genes. We sampled 200 food products purchased from Finland capital region during fall 2018. Products originated from 35 countries from six continents and represented four food categories: vegetables (n = 60), fruits and berries (n = 50), meat (n = 60), and seafood (n = 30). Additionally, subsamples (n = 40) were taken from broiler meat. Samples were screened for ESBL/AmpC-producing Enterobacteriaceae and whole genome sequenced to identify resistance and virulence genes and sequence types (STs). To accurately identify plasmids harboring resistance and virulence genes, a hybrid sequence analysis combining long- and short-read sequencing was employed. Sequences were compared to previously published plasmids to identify potential epidemic plasmid types. Altogether, 14 out of 200 samples were positive for ESBL/AmpC-producing E. coli and/or K. pneumoniae. Positive samples were recovered from meat (18%; 11/60) and vegetables (5%; 3/60) but were not found from seafood or fruit. ESBL/AmpC-producing E. coli and/or K. pneumoniae was found in 90% (36/40) of broiler meat subsamples. Whole genome sequencing of selected isolates (n = 21) revealed a wide collection of STs, plasmid replicons, and genes conferring multidrug resistance. blaCTX–M–15-producing K. pneumoniae ST307 was identified in vegetable (n = 1) and meat (n = 1) samples. Successful IncFII plasmid type was recovered from vegetable and both IncFII and IncI1-Iγ types from meat samples. Hybrid sequence analysis also revealed chromosomally located beta-lactamase genes in two of the isolates and indicated similarity of food-derived plasmids to other livestock-associated sources and also to plasmids obtained from human clinical samples from various countries, such as IncI type plasmid harboring blaTEM–52C from a human urine sample obtained in the Netherlands which was highly similar to a plasmid obtained from broiler meat in this study. Results indicate certain foods contain bacteria with multidrug resistance and pose a possible risk to public health, emphasizing the importance of surveillance and the need for further studies on epidemiology of epidemic plasmids.

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Frequency of Antimicrobial Resistant Bacteria in Broiler Meat

Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca Food Science and Technology ◽

10.15835/buasvmcn-fst:2021.0006 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 78 (2) ◽

pp. 44

Author(s):

Alina L. NISTOR ◽

Mihaela MIHAI ◽

Ancuța M. ROTAR ◽

Carmen R. POP

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Resistant Bacteria ◽

Salmonella Spp ◽

Broiler Meat ◽

Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽

E Coli ◽

Level Data ◽

Shigella Spp ◽

Resistant Strains ◽

Antimicrobial Treatments

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) represents the ability of microorganisms to resist antimicrobial treatments. AMR occurs when microorganisms change in order to reduce or eliminate the effect of antimicrobials, which they were previously susceptible. There were reported animal food products contaminated with antimicrobial resistant strains, like methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Camylobacter spp., extended spectrum-beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing-Enterobacteriaceae (Salmonella spp., Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp., Shigella spp. etc.). The aim of this paper is to analyze the frequency of antimicrobial resistant bacteria in broiler meat, at European level. Data were obtained based on the latest EFSA and ECDC Reports, comparing the year 2016 with the year 2018 of the incidence of Salmonella spp., different serovars of Salmonella enterica subs. enterica and Escherichia coli producing ESBL and AmpC, in broiler meat. The incidence of resistant Salmonella spp. showed a decrease between 2016 and 2018. However, the incidence increased for different resistant serovars. Salmonella Infantis showed a decrease in the two years taken into consideration. Regarding the incidence of ESBL E. coli in broiler meat, the results showed an increase for resistance to ceftazidime, ciprofloxacin and ampicillin.

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Emergence and spread of two distinct clonal groups of multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli in a veterinary teaching hospital in Australia

Journal of Medical Microbiology ◽

10.1099/jmm.0.46598-0 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 55 (8) ◽

pp. 1125-1134 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

Hanna E. Sidjabat ◽

Kirsty M. Townsend ◽

Michael Lorentzen ◽

Kari S. Gobius ◽

Narelle Fegan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Multiplex Pcr ◽

Teaching Hospital ◽

Opportunistic Infections ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Hospital Environment ◽

Class 1 Integron ◽

E Coli ◽

Extraintestinal Infection ◽

Rectal Swabs

Multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli (MDREC) expressing AmpC β-lactamases have emerged as a cause of opportunistic infections in dogs. Following a cluster of extraintestinal infections caused by two distinct clonal groups (CGs) of bla CMY-producing MDREC, a 12-month infection control study was undertaken at a veterinary teaching hospital in Brisbane, Australia. Swabs from the rectum of hospitalized dogs (n=780), hospital staff (n=16) and the hospital environment (n=220) were plated onto selective agar to obtain multidrug-resistant (MDR) coliforms. These were then tested by multiplex PCR for E. coli uspA, bla CMY and the class 1 integron-associated dfrA17-aadA5 gene cassette for rapid identification of MDREC CG 1 (positive for all three genes) and CG 2 (positive for uspA and bla CMY only). A total of 16.5 % of the dog rectal swabs and 4.1 % of the hospital environmental swabs yielded MDREC, and on the basis of multiplex PCR, PFGE and plasmid profiling, these were confirmed to belong to either CG 1 or CG 2. Both CG 1 and CG 2 isolates were obtained from clinical cases of extraintestinal infection and rectal swabs from hospitalized dogs over the same period of time, whereas only CG 1 isolates were obtained from the hospital environment. Both CGs were prevalent during the first 6 months, but only CG 2 was isolated during the second 6 months of the study. Two isolates obtained from rectal swabs of staff working in the hospital belonged to CG 2, with one of the isolates possessing the same REDP as nine isolates from dogs, including six isolates associated with cases of extraintestinal infection. CG 1 isolates belonged to E. coli serotypes O162 : H−, OR : H− or Ont : H−, whereas CG 2 isolates belonged to O153 : HR, OR : HR or OR : H34. These results confirm that in this particular outbreak, canine MDREC were highly clonal and CG 2 MDREC may colonize both humans and dogs.

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Antibiotic Resistance of Escherichia coli Strains Isolated from Broiler Meat in Morocco

International Journal of Veterinary Science ◽

10.37422/ijvs/20.015 ◽

2020 ◽

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Test Method ◽

Poultry Meat ◽

Epidemiological Surveillance ◽

Human Consumption ◽

First Line ◽

Broiler Meat ◽

E Coli

The spread of multidrug-resistant (MDR) enterobacteria worldwide is a major public health threat. Resistant to at least three classes of antibiotics, MDR enterobacteria cause infections that escape first-line treatment. Escherichia coli is the most frequently isolated bacterium in poultry industry. We followed the pattern and trend of antibiotic resistance of strains of E. coli isolated from poultry meat destined for human consumption sold in Morocco during the period 2016-2018, and thus detected strains that would be multidrug-resistant (MDR). In this study we investigated the resistance of 240 strains of E. coli isolated from poultry meat to 13 antibiotics by using the agar diffusion susceptibility test method. Results showed high resistance to ciprofloxacins (87.5%), tetracycline (75%), trimethomprime-sulfametoxazole (3rd generation) (70.8%), nalidixic acid (62.5%) and cefotaxime (50%), ampicillin (45.8%); and we detected low resistance to gentamicin (29.1%). In total, 50 isolated strains of E. coli (20.8%) have shown MDR. These results are useful to practicing veterinarians trying to avoid therapeutic failures and constitute an important database for pharmacovigilance and epidemiological surveillance of antimicrobial resistance in the country.

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Antibacterial Activity of Eight Medicinal Plants against Multidrug Resistant Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. isolated from Broiler Meat

Grassroots Journal of Natural Resources ◽

10.33002/nr2581.6853.03043 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 3 (4) ◽

pp. 28-48

Author(s):

Md. Rayhan Ali ◽

Md. Omar Faruque ◽

Md. Tarek Molla ◽

Roksana Khanam ◽

Shahin Mahmud ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Disc Diffusion ◽

Zone Of Inhibition ◽

Disc Diffusion Method ◽

Salmonella Spp ◽

Broiler Meat ◽

Standard Disc

The excess use of antimicrobial agents in the poultry industry is a significant reason for the gradual spread and increasing level of multidrug resistance bacteria. This article is based on a study in which the antibacterial activity of aqueous, methanolic, ethanolic and acetonic extracts of eight medicinal plants were evaluated by standard disc diffusion method against multidrug resistant Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. isolated from broiler meat. The multidrug resistance was checked by commercially available antibiotics using standard disc diffusion method. The results have indicated that the ethanolic extract of Boerhaavia diffusa showed maximum zone of inhibition against Escherichia coli, while Asparagus racemosus showed maximum zone of inhibition against Salmonella spp. Other experimental plant extracts had showed moderate activity against these multidrug-resistant bacteria, which can also be considered as potential source of active beneficial phytochemicals. Proper management and application of these plant extracts may be a wonderful alternative of commercially available antibiotic to minimize the risk.

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Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli and Clostridium perfringens: Challenges in ‘No Antibiotics Ever’ Broiler Production and Potential Solutions

10.20944/preprints202009.0709.v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Courtney Fancher ◽

Li Zhang ◽

Aaron Kiess ◽

Pratima Adhikari ◽

Thu Dinh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Clostridium Perfringens ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Management Strategies ◽

Necrotic Enteritis ◽

Broiler Meat ◽

Broiler Industry ◽

Broiler Production ◽

Pathogenic Escherichia Coli ◽

Production Losses

United States is the largest producer and the second largest exporter of broiler meat in the world. In the U.S, broiler production is largely converting to antibiotic-free programs which has caused an increase in morbidity and mortality within broiler farms. Escherichia coli and Clostridium perfringens are two important pathogenic bacteria readily found in the broiler environment and result in annual billion-dollar losses from colibacillosis, gangrenous dermatitis, and necrotic enteritis. Broiler industry is in search of non-antibiotic alternatives including novel vaccines, prebiotics, probiotics, and housing management strategies to mitigate production losses due to these diseases. This review provides an overview of the broiler industry and antibiotic free production, current challenges, and emerging research on antibiotic alternatives to reduce pathogenic microbial presence and improve bird health.

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