scholarly journals Big Behavioral Data: Psychology, Ethology and the Foundations of Neuroscience

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Gomez-Marin ◽  
Joseph J Paton ◽  
Adam R Kampff ◽  
Rui M Costa ◽  
Zachary M Mainen
Keyword(s):  
Technological Progress ◽  
Behavioral Science ◽  
Experimental Designs ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Behavioral Data ◽  
Neural Function ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Current State ◽  
Behavioral Studies ◽  
Experimental Constraint

Behavior is a unifying organismal process where genes, neural function, anatomy and environment converge and interrelate. Here we review the current state and discuss the future impact of accelerating advances in technology for behavioral studies, focusing on rodents as an exemplar. We frame our perspective in three dimensions: degree of experimental constraint, dimensionality of data, and level of description. We argue that "big behavioral data" presents challenges proportionate to its promise and describe how these challenges might be met through opportunities afforded by the two rival conceptual legacies of 20th century behavioral science, ethology and psychology. We conclude that although "more is not necessarily better", copious, quantitative and open behavioral data has the potential to transform and unify these two disciplines and to solidify the foundations of others, including neuroscience, but only if the development of novel theoretical frameworks and improved experimental designs matches the technological progress.

scholarly journals Emergent Robotic Personality Traits via Agent-Based Simulation of Abstract Social Environments

Information ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 103
Author(s):  
Casey C. Bennett
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Human Robot Interaction ◽  
Social Environments ◽  
Agent Based Simulation ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Behavioral Learning ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Markovian Approach

This paper discusses the creation of an agent-based simulation model for interactive robotic faces, built based on data from physical human–robot interaction experiments, to explore hypotheses around how we might create emergent robotic personality traits, rather than pre-scripted ones based on programmatic rules. If an agent/robot can visually attend and behaviorally respond to social cues in its environment, and that environment varies, then idiosyncratic behavior that forms the basis of what we call a “personality” should theoretically be emergent. Here, we evaluate the stability of behavioral learning convergence in such social environments to test this idea. We conduct over 2000 separate simulations of an agent-based model in scaled-down, abstracted forms of the environment, each one representing an “experiment”, to see how different parameters interact to affect this process. Our findings suggest that there may be systematic dynamics in the learning patterns of an agent/robot in social environments, as well as significant interaction effects between the environmental setup and agent perceptual model. Furthermore, learning from deltas (Markovian approach) was more effective than only considering the current state space. We discuss the implications for HRI research, the design of interactive robotic faces, and the development of more robust theoretical frameworks of social interaction.

scholarly journals Declassifying Myrmecophily in the Coleoptera to Promote the Study of Ant-Beetle Symbioses

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glené Mynhardt
Keyword(s):  
Classification Scheme ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Behavioral Data ◽  
Target Species ◽  
Classification Schemes ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Symbiotic Associations ◽  
Behavioral Studies ◽  
Morphological Adaptations ◽  
Evolutionary Studies

The symbiotic associations between beetles and ants have been observed in at least 35 beetle families. Among myrmecophiles, beetles exhibit the most diverse behavioral and morphological adaptations to a life with ants. These various associations have historically been grouped into discrete but overlapping behavioral categories, many of which are still used in the modern literature. While these behavioral classifications provide a rich foundation for the study of ant-beetle symbioses, the application of these systems in future studies may be less than effective. Since morphological characteristics often provide the only information of myrmecophilous beetles, they should be studied in a species-by-species fashion, as behavioral data are often limited or unavailable. Similarly, behavioral studies should focus on the target species at hand, avoiding discrete classification schemes. I formally propose the rejection of any classification scheme, in order to promote future studies of myrmecophily in both taxonomic and evolutionary studies.

CAN'T BUY ME WHITENESS

2008 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jay A. Pearson
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Health Disparities ◽  
Race And Ethnicity ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Missed Opportunities ◽  
Demographic Groups ◽  
Racial Ethnic ◽  
Socioeconomic Status And Health

AbstractA basic tenet of public health is that there is a robust relationship between socioeconomic status and health. Researchers widely accept that persons at average or median levels of socioeconomic status have better health compared to those at lower levels—with a detectable, if diminishing, gradient at even higher levels of socioeconomic status. The research on which this tenet is based, however, focuses largely on Whites, especially on White men. Yet according to the full range of extant findings, the magnitude and in some cases the direction of this relationship vary considerably for other demographic groups.I argue that the failure to clearly qualify study conclusions when they are restricted to the study of Whites impedes our understanding of the varying relationship between socioeconomic status and health for different demographic groups. Such an impediment is particularly harmful when considering health inequalities among populations defined by race and ethnicity. Frameworks and models based on traditional socioeconomic measures may mask heterogeneity, overestimate the benefits of material resources, underestimate psychosocial and physical health costs of resource acquisition for some groups, and overlook the value of alternative sociocultural orientations. These missed opportunities have grave consequences: large racial/ethnic health disparities persist while the health disadvantages of Black Americans continue to grow in key aspects. A new knowledge base is needed if racial/ethnic health disparities are to be eliminated, including new guiding theoretical frameworks, reinterpretations of existing research, and new empirical research. This article aims to initiate discussion on all three dimensions.

Iterative Part Design With a Virtual Reality Interface

1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. N. Trika ◽  
P. Banerjee ◽  
R. L. Kashyap
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Mechanical Parts ◽  
Cad System ◽  
Current State ◽  
Feature Based ◽  
New Feature ◽  
Feature Based Design ◽  
Aided Design

Abstract A virtual reality (VR) interface to a feature-based computer-aided design (CAD) system promises to provide a simple interface to a designer of mechanical parts, because it allows intuitive specification of design features such as holes, slots, and protrusions in three-dimensions. Given the current state of a part design, the designer is free to navigate around the part and in part cavities to specify the next feature. This method of feature specification also provides directives to the process-planner regarding the order in which the features may be manufactured. In iterative feature-based design, the existing part cavities represent constraints as to where the designer is allowed to navigate and place the new feature. The CAD system must be able to recognize the part cavities and enforce these constraints. Furthermore, the CAD system must be able to update its knowledge of part cavities when the new feature is added. In this paper, (i) we show how the CAD system can enforce the aforementioned constraints by exploiting the knowledge of part cavities and their adjacencies, and (ii) present efficient methods for updates of the set of part cavities when the designer adds a new feature.

Occupational Fatigue Risk Assessment and Management System: A Systematic Review and Bibliometric Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 482-483
Author(s):  
Mundhir Nasser Al Alawi ◽  
Suman Kanti Chowdhury
Keyword(s):  
Management System ◽  
Human Error ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
System A ◽  
Current State ◽  
Emerging Trends ◽  
Activity Types ◽  
Occupational Fatigue

An occupational fatigue risk management system (FRMS) framework can aid practitioners to reduce the fatigue-induced human error, poor performance, and the risk of injury in the industrial settings. However, the current state-of-knowledge on different theoretical frameworks of FRMS adopted in various occupational settings has not been systematically mapped in terms of risk factors, industrial sector types, activity types, and interventions. Therefore, this study aimed to review and characterize the previous literature on FRMS available in the ISI Web of Science (WoS) database and applied various bibliometric approaches to explore current state-of-knowledge, emerging trends and future directions. The data for the analyses were collected from the 68 articles published in 24 various journals between 2001 and 2021. The trend showed a rapid increase in FRMS research in the last seven years, especially in healthcare and aviation industries. Future studies should consider environmental stressors while designing a holistic framework of FRMS.

The Long Way From α-Error Control to Validity Proper

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 661-669 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaus Fiedler ◽  
Florian Kutzner ◽  
Joachim I. Krueger
Keyword(s):  
Error Control ◽  
Behavioral Science ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Inductive Reasoning ◽  
Empirical Science ◽  
Scientific Culture ◽  
Current State ◽  
Alternative Hypotheses ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
State Of Affairs

Several influential publications have sensitized the community of behavioral scientists to the dangers of inflated effects and false-positive errors leading to the unwarranted publication of nonreplicable findings. This issue has been related to prominent cases of data fabrication and survey results pointing to bad practices in empirical science. Although we concur with the motives behind these critical arguments, we note that an isolated debate of false positives may itself be misleading and counter-productive. Instead, we argue that, given the current state of affairs in behavioral science, false negatives often constitute a more serious problem. Referring to Wason’s (1960) seminal work on inductive reasoning, we show that the failure to assertively generate and test alternative hypotheses can lead to dramatic theoretical mistakes, which cannot be corrected by any kind of rigor applied to statistical tests of the focal hypotheses. We conclude that a scientific culture rewarding strong inference (Platt, 1964) is more likely to see progress than a culture preoccupied with tightening its standards for the mere publication of original findings.

The continuing search for the Holy Grail

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-106
Author(s):  
Robert M. Wiseman ◽  
Hadi Faqihi
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Multiple Stakeholders ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Current State ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Ceo Pay ◽  
And Performance

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to enrich the finding by Aguinis et al. (2018) that there is little overlap between the extremes of firm performance and the extremes of CEO pay using a novel approach to characterize the distribution of pay and performance. The authors aim to shift the focus of compensation researchers from fruitlessly trying to link pay to performance to theory-rich accounts of pay that take into consideration the idiosyncratically motivated and socially embedded nature of CEO compensation. Design/methodology/approach The authors’ approach in this commentary is conceptual. They synthesize compensation literature from different fields such as economics, finance, sociology, strategic management and corporate law, as well as the empirical findings from the focal paper to support their characterization of the current state of the literature and future directions it should take. Findings The authors synthesize discussion of CEO pay down to three dimensions of CEO responsibilities and motivations. They argue that a realistic pay design should take into account that CEOs have limited control over performance, they are accountable to multiple stakeholders and they are motivated by financial as well as nonfinancial incentives. Originality/value The commentary presents researchers with high-order framing of CEO pay that goes beyond debating over methodology or narrowly focusing on limited behavioral drivers of pay setting. Instead, the authors encourage researchers to take advantage of their three-legged framework to theorize about CEO pay.

scholarly journals COMMERCIALIZATION OF PRODUCTS OF SCIENCE PRODUCTS OF UKRAINE IN INTERNATIONAL MARKETS

2020 ◽  
pp. 101-108
Author(s):  
Laura Chekh ◽  
Serhii Voitko
Keyword(s):  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
Technological Progress ◽  
International Markets ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Economic Problems ◽  
Current State ◽  
State Economy ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Commercialization Of Science

The problems of commercialization of science-intensive products in international markets are identified. The aim is to study the current state of the high-tech sector of Ukraine's economy and to analyze innovative technologies and scientific and technological progress in the period of globalization. The expediency of taking into account and ensuring the competitiveness of the state economy in the conditions of Industry 4.0 is revealed. It is noted about the expediency of effectively realizing the export potential for high-tech products. A critical analysis of a number of agreements at the intergovernmental level on cooperation in science and technology is presented. Innovative activity in the period of globalization is analyzed. The problems that have become a threat to the further development of Ukraine's economy are outlined. The need to attract foreign direct investment in order to overcome economic problems is substantiated.

scholarly journals Current State and Challenges in the Implementation of Smart Robotic Process Automation in Accounting and Auditing

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-102
Author(s):  
Max Gotthardt ◽  
Dan Koivulaakso ◽  
Okyanus Paksoy ◽  
Cornelius Saramo ◽  
Minna Martikainen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Technology Development ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Human Intervention ◽  
Process Automation ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
High Expectations ◽  
Robotic Process Automation ◽  
Current State ◽  
Research Gap

Technology development has grown rapidly in the last decades and gained importance for accounting and auditing through its identified potentials. Particularly the automation of judgment systems and systems that require human intervention, are deemed to be more relevant to confront a transformation through Robotic Process Automation (RPA). During the continuous development, the augmentation of such systems through Artificial Intelligence (AI) presents a greenfield project with high expectations. However theoretical frameworks have not yet been elaborative and sufficient to capture how such deployments can be conducted. Addressing this research gap, this study presents a summarized overview of the transforming RPA ecosystem and indicates what challenges are critical to being confronted for a successful implementation of such systems in accounting and auditing.

scholarly journals The Unknown Potential of Blockchain for Sustainable Supply Chains

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (22) ◽  
pp. 9400
Author(s):  
Vincenzo Varriale ◽  
Antonello Cammarano ◽  
Francesca Michelino ◽  
Mauro Caputo
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chains ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Sustainable Supply Chains ◽  
Current State ◽  
Development Agenda ◽  
Managerial Implications ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact

The growing attention to emerging technologies has raised several doubts regarding the sustainability aspects. Among the new technologies, blockchain has laid the foundations for a revolution in the financial field but also in the energy, tourism, medical, industrial and supply chains sectors. Through a systematic literature review, 37 documents were analyzed to describe the sustainable aspects generated using blockchain in supply chains. Therefore, the results achieved provide two levels of analysis. The former highlights the impact of the adoption of blockchain in supply chains based on the three dimensions of sustainability: environmental, economic and social. The latter shows the positive and negative impacts of each form of sustainability. The purpose of the work is to summarize the current state of the art in order to propose a future development agenda based on the need to simulate and define a measurability for each dimension of sustainability. Finally, the study provides a broad overview of practical and managerial implications for entrepreneurs and researchers. On the one hand, the work shows how the use of blockchain improves the profits and reputation of companies. On the other hand, it highlights several research gaps to be investigated and considered by researchers.

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