scholarly journals Autistic traits and suicidal thoughts, plans and self-harm in late adolescence: population based cohort study

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iryna Culpin ◽  
Becky Mars ◽  
Rebecca M. Pearson ◽  
Jean Golding ◽  
Jon Heron ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Early Adolescence ◽  
Social Communication ◽  
Autistic Traits ◽  
Suicidal Thoughts ◽  
Suicidal Intent ◽  
Self Harm ◽  
Suicidal Plans ◽  
Autism Trait

AbstractImportanceThere have been recent concerns about a higher incidence of mortality by suicide in people with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). To our knowledge, no large cohort studies have examined which features of autism may lead to suicidal ideation and behaviour, and whether there are any potential modifiable mechanisms.ObjectiveTo examine the hypothesis that ASD diagnosis and traits in childhood are associated with suicidal thoughts, plans and self-harm at 16 years, and that any of the observed associations are explained by depression in adolescence at 12 years.Design, setting and participantsProspective investigation of associations between ASD diagnosis and autistic traits with suicidal ideation and behaviour and a potential risk pathway via depression in early adolescence in 5,031 members of the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children.Main outcomes and measuresHistory of self-harm with and without suicidal intent, suicidal thoughts and plans at 16 years assessed using a detailed self-report questionnaire. Exposures were ASD diagnosis and four measures (the coherence subscale of the Children’s Communication Checklist, the Social and Communication Disorders Checklist, a repetitive behaviour measure, and the sociability temperament subscale of the Emotionality, Activity and Sociability scale) dichotomised to represent the autism trait groups. Depressive symptoms in early adolescence were measured by the Short Moods and Feelings Questionnaire at 12 years.ResultsChildren with impaired social communication had a higher risk of self-harm with suicidal intent (RR 2.10, 95% CI 1.28, 3.34), suicidal thoughts (1.42 times (95% CI 1.06, 1.91) and suicidal plans (RR 1.95, 95% CI 1.09, 3.47) by the age of 16 years as compared to those without. There was no evidence for an association between ASD diagnosis and the outcomes although these analyses were imprecise due to small numbers. There was also no evidence of an association between other autism trait measures and the outcomes. Approximately 32% of the total estimated association between social communication impairment and self-harm was explained by depressive symptoms at age 12 years.ConclusionsImpairments in social communication are important in relation to suicidality. Early identification and management of depression may be a preventative mechanism and future research identifying other modifiable mechanisms may lead to preventative action or interventions against suicidal behaviour in this high-risk group.

Prevalence and Associated Factors for Suicidal Ideation and Behaviors in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 771-778 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albina Rodrigues Torres ◽  
Ana Teresa de Abreu Ramos-Cerqueira ◽  
Ricardo Cezar Torresan ◽  
Mariana de Souza Domingues ◽  
Ana Carolina R. Hercos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Beck Depression Inventory ◽  
Alcohol Problems ◽  
Worth Living ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Suicidal Thoughts ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Suicidal Plans

ABSTRACTIntroductionPatients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) have historically been considered at low risk for suicide, but recent studies are controversial.ObjectiveTo study the prevalence of suicidal thoughts and attempts in OCD patients and to compare those with and without suicidality according to demographic and clinical variables.MethodsFifty outpatients with primary OCD (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition) from a Brazilian public university were evaluated. The Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS) was used to assess OCD severity, the Beck Depression Inventory to evaluate depressive symptoms and the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test to assess alcohol problems.ResultsAll patients had obsessions and compulsions, 64% a chronic fluctuating course and 62% a minimum Y-BOCS score of 16. Half of the patients presented relevant depressive symptoms, but only three had a history of alcohol problems. Seventy percent reported having already thought that life was not worth living, 56% had wished to be dead, 46% had suicidal ideation, 20% had made suicidal plans, and 10% had already attempted suicide. Current suicidal ideation occurred in 14% of the sample and was significantly associated with a Y-BOCS score ≥16. Previous suicidal thoughts were associated with a Beck Depression Inventory score ≥19.ConclusionSuicidality has been underestimated in OCD and should be investigated in every patient, so that appropriate preventive measures can be taken.

scholarly journals S135. EXPOSURE TO COMMON INFECTIONS AND RISK OF SUICIDE AND SELF-HARM – A LONGITUDINAL GENERAL POPULATION STUDY

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S86-S87
Author(s):  
Maija Lindgren ◽  
Minna Holm ◽  
Niina Markkula ◽  
Tommi Härkänen ◽  
Faith Dickerson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Herpes Viruses ◽  
Suicidal Thoughts ◽  
Self Harm ◽  
Antibody Levels ◽  
Common Infections ◽  
Hsv 1

Abstract Background Common infectious agents, such as Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) and several human herpes viruses, have been linked to increased risk of self-harm. As the infections may be prevented and treated, information on the possible association on common infections and suicidal outcomes may help prevent self-harm. We aimed to investigate the associations between self-harm and seropositivity to T. gondii, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), Herpes Simplex virus Type 1 (HSV-1), and Cytomegalovirus (CMV). As depression is a major risk factor for suicidality, we also investigated whether being seropositive to the studied herpes viruses was associated with depressive symptoms. Methods IgM and IgG antibodies to T. gondii, EBV, HSV-1, and CMV were measured in a large Finnish population survey, the Health 2000 project, in year 2000. The 6250 participants were followed for 15 years via health care register and causes of death register. In addition, lifetime suicidal ideation and suicide attempts were assessed in a smaller subsample of 694 participants, based on systematically-evaluated self-report, medical records, and register data. The participants in the subsample were screened for possible psychotic symptoms or were controls; we controlled for this screen status in the regression models. Results We found no significant cross-sectional associations between baseline depressive symptom and the herpes infections, when controlling for background variables related to infection seropositivity. During the follow-up, 18 of the 6250 participants (0.3%) had either died by suicide or had a self-harm diagnosis. In Cox regression models, serological evidence of lifetime or acute infections was not found to be associated with these suicidal outcomes. In the subsample, 31% had had suicidal thoughts and 13% had attempted suicide. There were no significant associations between suicidal thoughts and infection seropositivity / antibody levels. However, those seropositive for IgG class antibodies for CMV, measuring latent infection, had fewer suicide attempts compared to those seronegative in multinomial logistic regression models adjusting for gender, age, education, childhood family size, regional residence, and screen status (OR for multiple attempts compared to no attempts =0.45, 95% confidence interval 0.22‒0.91, p=.026). Genders were investigated separately in post-hoc analyses and there were significant associations only in males: suicide attempts were associated negatively with CMV and positively with EBV. Looking separately at diagnosis groups, the CMV association was significant among those with a mood disorder and not among those with a psychotic disorder. C-reactive protein (CRP) measuring inflammation seemed to explain some but not all of the associations. Discussion In a large sample nationally representative of the whole Finnish adult population, antibodies to CMV, EBV, or HSV-1 were not associated with depressive symptoms. Seropositivity or antibody levels of T. gondii or herpes viruses were not associated with risk of subsequent death by suicide or intentional self-harm diagnoses at a 15 year follow-up. In the subsample consisting mostly of participants with severe mental disorders, in males, EBV antibody level was associated with a history of a suicide attempt and none of the other infection variables were associated with a heightened risk for suicidal thoughts or acts. We found a heightened risk for multiple suicide attempts in persons belonging to the CMV seronegative minority. This “protective effect” of being infected with CMV calls for further research.

scholarly journals Autistic Traits and Suicidal Thoughts, Plans, and Self-Harm in Late Adolescence: Population-Based Cohort Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 57 (5) ◽  
pp. 313-320.e6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iryna Culpin ◽  
Becky Mars ◽  
Rebecca M. Pearson ◽  
Jean Golding ◽  
Jon Heron ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Autistic Traits ◽  
Late Adolescence ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Suicidal Thoughts ◽  
Self Harm

scholarly journals Mediators of increased self-harm and suicidal ideation in sexual minority youth: a longitudinal study

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (15) ◽  
pp. 2524-2532 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. A. Oginni ◽  
E. J. Robinson ◽  
A. Jones ◽  
Q. Rahman ◽  
K. A. Rimes
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Sexual Minority ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Gender Nonconformity ◽  
Minority Youth ◽  
Sexual Minority Youth ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Self Harm

AbstractBackgroundSexual minority youth have elevated suicidal ideation and self-harm compared with heterosexual young people; however, evidence for mediating mechanisms is predominantly cross-sectional. Using a longitudinal design, we investigated self-esteem and depressive symptoms as mediators of increased rates of suicidal ideation or self-harm (SISH) among sexual minority youth, and the roles of childhood gender nonconformity (CGN) and sex as moderators of these relationships.MethodIn total, 4274 youth from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) cohort reported sexual orientation at age 15 years, and past-year SISH at age 20 years. Self-esteem and depressive symptoms were assessed at ages 17 and 18 years, respectively. CGN was measured at 30–57 months. Covariates included sociodemographic variables and earlier measures of mediator and outcome variables. Mediation pathways were assessed using structural equation modelling.ResultsSexual minority youth (almost 12% of the sample) were three times more likely than heterosexual youth to report past-year SISH (95% confidence interval 2.43–3.64) at 20 years. Two mediation pathways were identified: a single mediator pathway involving self-esteem and a multiple-mediated pathway involving self-esteem and depressive symptoms. Although CGN was associated with past-year SISH, it did not moderate any mediation pathways and there was no evidence for moderation by sex.ConclusionsLower self-esteem and increased depressive symptoms partly explain the increased risk for later suicidal ideation and self-harm in sexual minority youth. Preventive strategies could include self-esteem-enhancing or protecting interventions, especially in female sexual minority youth, and treatment of depression.

Discrimination experienced by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander males in Australia: Associations with suicidal thoughts and depressive symptoms

2021 ◽  
pp. 000486742110311
Author(s):  
Tilahun Haregu ◽  
Anthony F Jorm ◽  
Yin Paradies ◽  
Bernard Leckning ◽  
Jesse T Young ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Torres Strait Islander ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Indigenous Populations ◽  
Suicidal Thoughts ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Torres Strait

Introduction: Globally, Indigenous populations have higher rates of suicidal behavior and psychological distress compared to non-Indigenous populations. Indigenous populations also report high rates of exposure to discrimination, which could potentially contribute to poor mental health outcomes. The objectives of this paper were to estimate the prevalence of discrimination among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander males in Australia and to examine the role of discrimination in the association between Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander status and suicidal thoughts and depressive symptoms. Methods: We used cross-sectional data on 13,697 males aged 18–55 years from the Australian Longitudinal Study on Male Health. We undertook a Poisson regression with robust standard error analyses to examine Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander status and self-perceived exposure to discrimination in the past 2 years as correlates of recent suicidal ideation. We used zero-inflated negative binomial regression to assess Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander status and self-perceived exposure to discrimination as correlates of recent depressive symptoms. Results: Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander males have a twofold higher prevalence of self-perceived discrimination (39.2% vs 19.3%, p < 0.001), suicidal ideation (21.8% vs 9.4%, p < 0.001) and moderate or worse depressive symptoms (24.0% vs 12.2%, p < 0.001) as compared to their non-Indigenous counterparts. After adjusting for sociodemographics and substance use, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander status was significantly associated with suicidal thoughts (odds ratio = 1.49, p = 0.019) and depressive symptoms (prevalence rate ratio = 1.19, p = 0.018). About 15.3% and 28.7% of the association between Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander status and suicidal thoughts and depressive symptoms, respectively, was explained by discrimination. Conclusion: Our analyses add to evidence that discrimination is a contributor to mental health disparities between Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander and non-Indigenous populations in Australia. Reducing discrimination ought to be considered as part of strategies to improve the social and emotional well-being of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people.

Cognitive Biases and Suicidal Ideation in Elderly Psychiatric Inpatients

2001 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather Uncapher
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Partial Correlation ◽  
Cognitive Biases ◽  
Cognitive Model ◽  
Psychiatric Inpatients ◽  
Cognitive Factors ◽  
Medical Illness ◽  
Suicidal Thoughts ◽  
The Relationship

Cognitive factors such as perceptions of poor health and negative expectancies toward the future may mediate relationships between health variables, depressive symptoms, and suicidal ideation. In this study of risk factors associated with late life suicidal ideation, thirty older psychiatric inpatients were interviewed using standardized instruments. Self-reported symptoms of hopelessness, perceived health, and depression, as well as number of impaired medical illness systems were examined in relation to presence of suicidal thoughts. Several aspects of a cognitive model of suicide were supported using partial correlation and regression analyses. First, patients who were more depressed and suicidal had more negative cognitions than those who were less depressed and not suicidal. Second, depressive symptoms were strongly related to suicidal thoughts even after controlling for the patients' number of impaired illness systems. Third, cognitive factors versus health factors were shown to influence the relationship between depression and suicidal ideation. These findings emphasize the importance of cognitive biases in geriatric suicidal ideation.

scholarly journals Prognostic evaluation of suicidality and development of risk factors in victims of physical and emotional child abuse and emotional/psychological neglect

BJPsych Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (S1) ◽  
pp. S273-S273
Author(s):  
Latif Miah
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Mental Health ◽  
Child Abuse ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Child Maltreatment ◽  
Health Issue ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Self Harm ◽  
The Impact

AimsTo evaluate the effects of childhood maltreatment, specifically physical and emotional abuse and emotional/psychological neglect on the development of suicidal ideation, depressive symptoms and self-harm. It is hypothesised that there will be a strong causal link between the aforementioned types of maltreatment with suicidality, depression and self-harm.BackgroundChild abuse is a major public health issue with profound developmental and mental health consequences towards victims and their contributions to society as a whole. The impact of sexual abuse is well-established, however non-sexual child maltreatment and its sequelae are not as well understood or studied.MethodA literature search was carried out using the Pubmed, Cochrane, Scopus and Google Scholar databases. Articles were appraised according to set criteria and manually screened for relevance to the review.ResultThe results of this review demonstrate that there are statistically significant, potentially causal links between emotional and physical abuse, and emotional/psychological neglect with suicidal ideation, depressive symptoms and self-harm. More research is still required to elucidate the role of polyvictimisation in mental health outcomes and to further confirm these links between abuse and development.ConclusionChild maltreatment remains a large public health issue with major impact on the economy of the world. It has profound, potentially lifelong consequences on victims and is something that needs to lose its stigma so that it can be identified earlier and potential damage prevented as far as possible. The future may lie in working to remove the stigma surrounding it, standardise how it is studied and thus learn to recognise the signs earlier – ideally leading to implementation of policy to get victims to safety, preventing unncecessary harm.

scholarly journals Social Media Use and Mood, Suicidal Ideation and Self-Harm in Adolescents

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3sup1) ◽  
pp. 31-40
Author(s):  
Grazia Maria Giovanna Pastorino ◽  
◽  
Francesca Felicia Operto ◽  
Roberto Buonaiuto ◽  
Giuseppe Diaspro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Self Report ◽  
School Students ◽  
Campania Region ◽  
Self Harm ◽  
Males And Females

Objective: The aim of our observational study was to evaluate depressive symptoms in adolescent population, focusing on suicidal ideation and intentionality, and to establish the relationship between depressive symptoms/self-harm and the average time spent in social media. Methods: Our study was an observational cross-sectional study that involved three Middle Schools and three High Schools in the Campania region of Italy. One thousand three hundred sixty-five students 11-19 years of age were recruited (mean age=15 years; female=51%, male=49%). Percentage of adhesion was 95%. All the subjects were administered three self-report questionnaires, filled out anonymously and in the presence of the teachers after illustrating their validity and purpose. Results: In 23% females and 18% males, depressive symptoms were above the norm, with a slight increase in the prevalence of depressive symptoms in high school students compared to middle school ones. Suicidal intentionality was expressed in 4% of the total sample, with no differences between males and females. Suicidal ideation was present in 14% of the total sample, with a higher prevalence in females than in males (17% vs 10%). We found a significant positive relationship between the depressive symptoms and the hours spent on Social Media, in both males and females. A significant relationship was also found between hours on Social Media and suicidal ideation/intentionality. Conclusions: Our study showed a high prevalence of depressive symptoms in adolescents, in keeping with previous studies. Our study also showed a significant association between the use of social networks and the development of depressive symptoms, as well as suicidal ideation and intentionality. Further studies are needed to investigate the nature of this relationship.

scholarly journals Characteristics of Youth With Combined Histories of Violent Behavior, Suicidal Ideation or Behavior, and Gun-Carrying

Crisis ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 402-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph E. Logan ◽  
Kevin J. Vagi ◽  
Deborah Gorman-Smith
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Interpersonal Violence ◽  
School Connectedness ◽  
Violent Behavior ◽  
Suicidal Thoughts ◽  
Illicit Substance ◽  
Illicit Substance Use ◽  
Gun Carrying

Abstract. Background: Youth reporting combined histories of nonfatal violence, suicidal ideation/behavior, and gun-carrying (VSG) are at risk for perpetrating fatal interpersonal violence and self-harm. Aims: We characterized these youth to inform prevention efforts. Method: We analyzed 2004 data from 3,931 seventh-, ninth-, and 11–12th-grade youth and compared VSG youth (n = 66) with non-gun carrying youth who either had no histories of violence or suicidal thoughts/behavior (n = 1,839), histories of violence (n = 884), histories of suicidal thoughts/behaviors (n = 552), or both (n = 590). We compared groups based on demographic factors, risk factors (i.e., friends who engage in delinquency, peer-violence victimization, depressive symptoms, illicit substance use), and protective factors (i.e., school connectedness, parental care and supervision). Regression models identified factors associated with VSG youth. Results: Illicit substance use and having friends who engage in delinquency were more common among VSG youth in all comparisons; almost all VSG youth had high levels of these factors. Depressive symptoms were positively associated with VSG youth versus youth without either violent or suicide-related histories and youth with violent histories alone. School connectedness and parental supervision were negatively associated with VSG youth in most comparisons. Conclusion: Family-focused and school-based interventions that increase connectedness while reducing delinquency and substance use might prevent these violent tendencies.

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