scholarly journals Denitrifying metabolism of the methylotrophic marine bacteriumMethylophaga nitratireducenticrescensstrain JAM1

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian Mauffrey ◽  
Alexandra Cucaita ◽  
Philippe Constant ◽  
Richard Villemur
Keyword(s):  
Gene Clusters ◽  
No Production ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Anoxic Conditions ◽  
Production And Consumption ◽  
Reductase Gene ◽  
Denitrification Reactor ◽  
Cytochrome Cd1 ◽  
Denitrification Genes

AbstractMethylophaga nitratireducenticrescensstrain JAM1 is a methylotrophic, marine bacterium that was isolated from a denitrification reactor treating a closed-circuit seawater aquarium. It can sustain growth under anoxic conditions by reducing nitrate (NO3−) to nitrite (NO2−), which accumulates in the medium. These physiological traits are attributed to gene clusters that encode two dissimilatory nitrate reductases (NarGHJI). M.nitratireducenticrescensstrain JAM1 also contains gene clusters encoding two putative nitric oxide reductase (NO) reductases and one putative nitrous oxide (N2O) reductase, suggesting that NO and N2O can be reduced by strain JAM1. In this study, we show that strain JAM1 can reduce NO to N2O and N2O to N2 and can sustain growth under anoxic conditions by reducing N2O as the sole electron acceptor. Although strain JAM1 lacks a gene encoding a dissimilatory copper-(NirK) or cytochrome cd1-type (NirS) NO2−reductase, NO3−-amended strain JAM1 cultures produce N2O, representing up to 6% of the N-input. NO2−was shown to be the key intermediate of this production process. In NO3−amended cultures, we analyzed denitrification genes in succession of net N2O-production and -consumption phases at the gene expression level. These phases were found to correlate with changes in the expression levels of the NO reductase genecnorB1andnnrS, which indicated NO production in the cultures.ImportanceBy showing that all the three denitrification reductases are active, this demonstrates thatMethylophaga nitratireducenticrescensJAM1 is one of many bacteria species that maintain genes associated primarily with denitrification, but not necessarily related to the maintenance of the entire pathway. The reason to maintain such incomplete pathway could be related to the specific role of strain JAM1 in the denitrifying biofilm of a denitrification reactor from which it originates. The small production of N2O via NO in strain JAM1 did not involve Nar contrary to what was demonstrated inEscherichia coli. M. nitratireducenticrescensJAM1 is the only reportedMethylophagaspecies that has the capacity to grow under anoxic conditions by using NO3−and N2O as sole electron acceptors for its growth. It is also one of a few marine methylotrophs that is studied at the physiological and genetic levels in relation to its capacity to perform denitrifying activities.

scholarly journals Denitrifying metabolism of the methylotrophic marine bacteriumMethylophaga nitratireducenticrescensstrain JAM1

PeerJ ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. e4098 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian Mauffrey ◽  
Alexandra Cucaita ◽  
Philippe Constant ◽  
Richard Villemur
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Isotopic Labeling ◽  
Gene Clusters ◽  
No Production ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Anoxic Conditions ◽  
Denitrification Reactor ◽  
Denitrification Genes

BackgroundMethylophaga nitratireducenticrescensstrain JAM1 is a methylotrophic, marine bacterium that was isolated from a denitrification reactor treating a closed-circuit seawater aquarium. It can sustain growth under anoxic conditions by reducing nitrate (${\mathrm{NO}}_{3}^{-}$) to nitrite (${\mathrm{NO}}_{2}^{-}$). These physiological traits are attributed to gene clusters that encode two dissimilatory nitrate reductases (Nar). Strain JAM1 also contains gene clusters encoding two nitric oxide (NO) reductases and one nitrous oxide (N2O) reductase, suggesting that NO and N2O can be reduced by strain JAM1. Here we characterized further the denitrifying activities ofM. nitratireducenticrescensJAM1.MethodsSeries of oxic and anoxic cultures of strain JAM1 were performed with N2O, ${\mathrm{NO}}_{3}^{-}$ or sodium nitroprusside, and growth and N2O, ${\mathrm{NO}}_{3}^{-}$, ${\mathrm{NO}}_{2}^{-}$ and N2concentrations were measured. Ammonium (${\mathrm{NH}}_{4}^{+}$)-free cultures were also tested to assess the dynamics of N2O, ${\mathrm{NO}}_{3}^{-}$ and ${\mathrm{NO}}_{2}^{-}$. Isotopic labeling of N2O was performed in15NH4+-amended cultures. Cultures with the JAM1ΔnarG1narG2double mutant were performed to assess the involvement of the Nar systems on N2O production. Finally, RT-qPCR was used to measure the gene expression levels of the denitrification genes cytochromebc-type nitric oxide reductase (cnorB1andcnorB2) and nitrous oxide reductase (nosZ), and alsonnrSandnorRthat encode NO-sensitive regulators.ResultsStrain JAM1 can reduce NO to N2O and N2O to N2and can sustain growth under anoxic conditions by reducing N2O as the sole electron acceptor. Although strain JAM1 lacks a gene encoding a dissimilatory ${\mathrm{NO}}_{2}^{-}$ reductase, ${\mathrm{NO}}_{3}^{-}$-amended cultures produce N2O, representing up to 6% of the N-input. ${\mathrm{NO}}_{2}^{-}$ was shown to be the key intermediate of this production process. Upregulation in the expression of cnorB1,cnorB2, nnrSandnorRduring the growth and the N2O accumulation phases suggests NO production in strain JAM1 cultures.DiscussionBy showing that all the three denitrification reductases are active, this demonstrates thatM. nitratireducenticrescensJAM1 is one of many bacteria species that maintain genes associated primarily with denitrification, but not necessarily related to the maintenance of the entire pathway. The reason to maintain such an incomplete pathway could be related to the specific role of strain JAM1 in the denitrifying biofilm of the denitrification reactor from which it originates. The production of N2O in strain JAM1 did not involve Nar, contrary to what was demonstrated inEscherichia coli.M. nitratireducenticrescensJAM1 is the only reportedMethylophagaspecies that has the capacity to grow under anoxic conditions by using ${\mathrm{NO}}_{3}^{-}$ and N2O as sole electron acceptors for its growth. It is also one of a few marine methylotrophs that is studied at the physiological and genetic levels in relation to its capacity to perform denitrifying activities.

The Estimation of prostate specific antigen (PSA) concentrations in patients with prostatitis by fully automated ELISA technique.

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (11) ◽  
pp. 1100-1104
Author(s):  
Hussein Naeem Aldhaheri ◽  
Ihsan Edan AlSaimary ◽  
Murtadha Mohammed ALMusafer
Keyword(s):  
Personal Information ◽  
Receptor Gene ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Gene Clusters ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Group Data ◽  
Elisa Technique ◽  
And Control

      The Aim of this study was to determine Immunogenetic expression of  Toll-like receptor gene clusters related to prostatitis, to give acknowledge about Role of TLR in prostatitis immunity in men from Basrah and Maysan provinces. A case–control study included 135 confirmed prostatitis patients And 50 persons as a control group. Data about age, marital status, working, infertility, family history and personal information like (Infection, Allergy, Steroid therapy, Residency, Smoking, Alcohol Drinking, Blood group, Body max index (BMI) and the clinical finding for all patients of Prostatitis were collected. This study shows the effect of PSA level in patients with prostatitis and control group, with P-value <0.0001 therefore the study shows a positive significant between elevated PSA levels and Prostatitis.

The Signaling Pathways in Nitric Oxide Production by Neutrophils Exposed to N-nitrosodimethylamine

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 194-199
Author(s):  
Wioletta Ratajczak-Wrona ◽  
Ewa Jablonska
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Polymorphonuclear Neutrophils ◽  
Microbial Pathogens ◽  
Human Neutrophils ◽  
No Production ◽  
Oxide Synthase ◽  
Inducible Nitric Oxide

Background: Polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) play a crucial role in the innate immune system’s response to microbial pathogens through the release of reactive nitrogen species, including Nitric Oxide (NO). </P><P> Methods: In neutrophils, NO is produced by the inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase (iNOS), which is regulated by various signaling pathways and transcription factors. N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA), a potential human carcinogen, affects immune cells. NDMA plays a major part in the growing incidence of cancers. Thanks to the increasing knowledge on the toxicological role of NDMA, the environmental factors that condition the exposure to this compound, especially its precursors- nitrates arouse wide concern. Results: In this article, we present a detailed summary of the molecular mechanisms of NDMA’s effect on the iNOS-dependent NO production in human neutrophils. Conclusion: This research contributes to a more complete understanding of the mechanisms that explain the changes that occur during nonspecific cellular responses to NDMA toxicity.

The Energy Politics of the United States

2020 ◽  
pp. 371-405
Author(s):  
Juliann Emmons Allison ◽  
Srinivas Parinandi
Keyword(s):  
Energy Policy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Political Polarization ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Future Research Agenda ◽  
Production And Consumption ◽  
Energy Politics ◽  
Climate Action ◽  
Subnational Governance

This chapter examines the development and politics of US energy policy, with an emphasis on three themes: the distribution of authority to regulate energy between national (or federal) and subnational governments, the relationship between energy and environmental policy and regulation, and the role of climate action in energy politics. It reviews patterns of energy production and consumption; provides an overview of national energy politics; and reviews literatures on federalism and energy politics and policy, the increasing integration of energy and environmental policies, and the politics of energy and climate action. The chapter concludes with a discussion of a future research agenda that underscores the significance of political polarization, subnational governance, and technological innovation for understanding US energy policy.

THE ROLE OF TAXATION IN THE REGULATION OF ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONSUMPTION (1978 ENERGY ACT—A CASE IN POINT)

1978 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 221-228
Author(s):  
CHARLES DAVENPORT
Keyword(s):  
Energy Production ◽  
Production And Consumption

scholarly journals The Role of Mitochondria in Carcinogenesis

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (10) ◽  
pp. 5100
Author(s):  
Paulina Kozakiewicz ◽  
Ludmiła Grzybowska-Szatkowska ◽  
Marzanna Ciesielka ◽  
Jolanta Rzymowska
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Dna Polymorphisms ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Dna Mutations ◽  
Nadh Ubiquinone Oxidoreductase ◽  
Gene Coi ◽  
The Impact

The mitochondria are essential for normal cell functioning. Changes in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) may affect the occurrence of some chronic diseases and cancer. This process is complex and not entirely understood. The assignment to a particular mitochondrial haplogroup may be a factor that either contributes to cancer development or reduces its likelihood. Mutations in mtDNA occurring via an increase in reactive oxygen species may favour the occurrence of further changes both in mitochondrial and nuclear DNA. Mitochondrial DNA mutations in postmitotic cells are not inherited, but may play a role both in initiation and progression of cancer. One of the first discovered polymorphisms associated with cancer was in the gene NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase chain 3 (mt-ND3) and it was typical of haplogroup N. In prostate cancer, these mutations and polymorphisms involve a gene encoding subunit I of respiratory complex IV cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 gene (COI). At present, a growing number of studies also address the impact of mtDNA polymorphisms on prognosis in cancer patients. Some of the mitochondrial DNA polymorphisms occur in both chronic disease and cancer, for instance polymorphism G5913A characteristic of prostate cancer and hypertension.

scholarly journals Absence of Bim sensitizes mice to experimental Trypanosoma cruzi infection

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcela Hernández-Torres ◽  
Rogério Silva do Nascimento ◽  
Monica Cardozo Rebouças ◽  
Alexandra Cassado ◽  
Kely Catarine Matteucci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽  
Chagas Disease ◽  
Parasite Load ◽  
Peritoneal Macrophages ◽  
T Cell Response ◽  
No Production ◽  
Similar Reduction ◽  
Ifn Γ

AbstractChagas disease is a life-threatening disorder caused by the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi. Parasite-specific antibodies, CD8+ T cells, as well as IFN-γ and nitric oxide (NO) are key elements of the adaptive and innate immunity against the extracellular and intracellular forms of the parasite. Bim is a potent pro-apoptotic member of the Bcl-2 family implicated in different aspects of the immune regulation, such as negative selection of self-reactive thymocytes and elimination of antigen-specific T cells at the end of an immune response. Interestingly, the role of Bim during infections remains largely unidentified. To explore the role of Bim in Chagas disease, we infected WT, Bim+/−, Bim−/− mice with trypomastigotes forms of the Y strain of T. cruzi. Strikingly, our data revealed that Bim−/− mice exhibit a delay in the development of parasitemia followed by a deficiency in the control of parasite load in the bloodstream and a decreased survival compared to WT and Bim+/− mice. At the peak of parasitemia, peritoneal macrophages of Bim−/− mice exhibit decreased NO production, which correlated with a decrease in the pro-inflammatory Small Peritoneal Macrophage (SPM) subset. A similar reduction in NO secretion, as well as in the pro-inflammatory cytokines IFN-γ and IL-6, was also observed in Bim−/− splenocytes. Moreover, an impaired anti-T. cruzi CD8+ T-cell response was found in Bim−/− mice at this time point. Taken together, our results suggest that these alterations may contribute to the establishment of a delayed yet enlarged parasitic load observed at day 9 after infection of Bim−/− mice and place Bim as an important protein in the control of T. cruzi infections.

scholarly journals Controlled Transcription of Regulator Gene carS by Tet-on or by a Strong Promoter Confirms Its Role as a Repressor of Carotenoid Biosynthesis in Fusarium fujikuroi

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 71
Author(s):  
Julia Marente ◽  
Javier Avalos ◽  
M. Carmen Limón
Keyword(s):  
Wild Strain ◽  
Ring Finger ◽  
Carotenoid Biosynthesis ◽  
Negative Regulator ◽  
Fusarium Fujikuroi ◽  
Structural Genes ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Set Up

Carotenoid biosynthesis is a frequent trait in fungi. In the ascomycete Fusarium fujikuroi, the synthesis of the carboxylic xanthophyll neurosporaxanthin (NX) is stimulated by light. However, the mutants of the carS gene, encoding a protein of the RING finger family, accumulate large NX amounts regardless of illumination, indicating the role of CarS as a negative regulator. To confirm CarS function, we used the Tet-on system to control carS expression in this fungus. The system was first set up with a reporter mluc gene, which showed a positive correlation between the inducer doxycycline and luminescence. Once the system was improved, the carS gene was expressed using Tet-on in the wild strain and in a carS mutant. In both cases, increased carS transcription provoked a downregulation of the structural genes of the pathway and albino phenotypes even under light. Similarly, when the carS gene was constitutively overexpressed under the control of a gpdA promoter, total downregulation of the NX pathway was observed. The results confirmed the role of CarS as a repressor of carotenogenesis in F. fujikuroi and revealed that its expression must be regulated in the wild strain to allow appropriate NX biosynthesis in response to illumination.

Role of CD23 in NO production by human monocytic cells

1995 ◽  
Vol 146 (9) ◽  
pp. 684-689 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.-P. Kolb ◽  
N. Paul-Eugène Dugas ◽  
K. Yamaoka ◽  
M.D. Mossalayi ◽  
B. Dugas
Keyword(s):  
No Production ◽  
Monocytic Cells
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