scholarly journals The Genetic Links to Anxiety and Depression (GLAD) Study: online recruitment into the largest recontactable study of depression and anxiety

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Molly R. Davies ◽  
Gursharan Kalsi ◽  
Anamaria Brailean ◽  
Anthony J. Cleare ◽  
Jonathan R.I. Coleman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Record Linkage ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Future Research ◽  
List Type ◽  
Recurrent Depression ◽  
Media Campaigns ◽  
Multiple Risk Factors ◽  
Department Of Health ◽  
Age Profile ◽  
Online Recruitment

AbstractBackgroundAnxiety and depression are common, debilitating and costly. These disorders are influenced by multiple risk factors, from genes to psychological vulnerabilities and environmental stressors but research is hampered by a lack of sufficiently large comprehensive studies. We are recruiting 40,000 individuals with lifetime depression or anxiety, with broad assessment of risks to facilitate future research.MethodsThe Genetic Links to Anxiety and Depression (GLAD) Study (www.gladstudy.org.uk) recruits individuals with depression or anxiety into the NIHR Mental Health BioResource. Participants invited to join the study (via media campaigns) provide demographic, environmental and genetic data, and consent for medical record linkage and recontact.ResultsOnline recruitment was effective; 41,892 consented and 26,877 participants completed the questionnaire by July 2019. Participants’ questionnaire data identified very high rates recurrent depression, severe anxiety and comorbidity. Participants reported high rates of treatment receipt. The age profile of sample is biased toward young adults, with higher recruitment of females and the better educated, especially at younger ages.DiscussionThis paper describes the study methodology and descriptive data for GLAD, which represents a large, recontactable resource that will enable future research into risks, outcomes and treatment for anxiety and depression.HighlightsOnline recruitment of 40,000 individuals with lifetime depression or anxiety (77 characters)Detailed online phenotyping combined with genetic and clinical data (66 characters)The study sample is severe, highly comorbid, with chronic psychopathology (62 characters)The study protocol enables recall of participants for future research and trials (82 characters)The views expressed are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the NHS, NIHR, Department of Health or King’s College London

Are Individuals in Rorschach Nonpatient Samples Truly Psychologically Healthy?

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 112-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Maria Rosso ◽  
Andrea Camoirano ◽  
Gabriele Schiaffino
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Treatment ◽  
Coping Styles ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Extensive Form ◽  
Community Needs ◽  
Rorschach Comprehensive System ◽  
Form Quality ◽  
And Coping ◽  
Rorschach Variables

Abstract. The aim of this study was to collect a Rorschach Comprehensive System (RCS) adult nonpatient sample from Italy using more stringent exclusion criteria and controlling for psychopathology, taking into account the methodological suggestions of Ritzler and Sciara (2008) . The authors hypothesized that: (a) adult nonpatient samples are not truly psychologically healthy, in that a high number of psychopathological symptoms are experienced by participants, particularly anxiety and depression, although they have never been in psychological treatment; (b) significant differences emerge between healthy and nonhealthy groups on Rorschach variables, particularly on CS psychopathological indexes; (c) RCS psychopathological indexes are significantly correlated in the expected direction with scores on psychopathological scales. The results confirmed the hypotheses, indicating the need to collect psychologically healthy samples in addition to normative and nonpatient samples. Because differences were found in the comparison between Exner’s sample (2007) and the healthy group in this study regarding form quality and coping styles, the authors suggest that future research should investigate the construct validity of ambitent style and culturally specific influences on form quality. Moreover, the Rorschach scientific community needs to have more extensive form quality tables, enriched with objects that are currently not included.

scholarly journals AB0862 CONSENSUS STATEMENT ON INTRA-ARTICULAR INJECTIONS OF PLATELET-RICH PLASMA FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF KNEE OSTEOARTHRITIS

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 1738.3-1738
Author(s):  
F. Eymard ◽  
P. Ornetti ◽  
J. Maillet ◽  
E. Noel ◽  
P. Adam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Knee Osteoarthritis ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
Symptomatic Treatment ◽  
Future Research ◽  
List Type ◽  
Clinical Practices ◽  
Efficient Treatment ◽  
Symptomatic Knee Osteoarthritis ◽  
Symptomatic Knee

Background:There has been much debate regarding the use of intra-articular injections of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) as symptomatic treatment for knee osteoarthritis. The heterogeneity of the preparation and injection protocols limits the extrapolation of data from randomized controlled trials and meta-analyses.Objectives:The objective of this expert consensus was to develop the first clinical practice recommendations for PRP injections in knee osteoarthritis.Methods:Fifteen physicians (10 rheumatologists, 4 specialists in rehabilitation and sport medicine and 1 interventional radiologist) from different countries were selected given to their expertise in the fields of PRP and osteoarthritis. Twenty-five recommendations were finally retained after several meetings using the modified Delphi method to establish clinical consensus. All experts voted their agreement or not for each recommendation using a score between 1 (totally inappropriate) and 9 (totally appropriate). Depending on the median value and extreme scores, recommendations were judged as appropriated or unappropriated with a strong or relative agreement but could also be judged as uncertain due to indecision or absence of consensus.Results:The main recommendations are listed below:- Intra-articular injections of PRP constitute an efficient treatment of early or moderate symptomatic knee osteoarthritis. Median = 8 [6-9] – Appropriate. Relative agreement.- Intra-articular injections of PRP may be useful in severe knee osteoarthritis (Kellgren-Lawrence grade IV). Median = 7 [6-7] – Appropriate. Relative agreement.- Intra-articular injections of PRP in knee osteoarthritis should be proposed as second-line therapy, after failure of non-pharmacological and pharmacological (oral and topic) symptomatic treatment. Median = 9 [5-9] – Appropriate. Relative agreement.- Intra-articular injections of PRP should not be performed in osteoarthritis flare-up with significant effusion. Median = 7 [5-9] – Appropriate. Relative agreement.- Intra-articular PRP treatment may include 1 to 3 consecutive injections. Median = 9 [7-9] – Appropriate. Strong agreement.- Leukocyte-poor PRP should be preferred for knee OA treatment. Median = 8 [5-9] – Appropriate. Relative agreement.- PRP injections should be performed under ultrasound or fluoroscopic guidance. Median = 8 [3-9] – Uncertain. No consensus.- PRP should not be mixed with injectable anesthetic or corticosteroid. Median = 9 [6-9] – Appropriate. Relative agreement.Conclusion:Twenty-five recommendations were discussed by an international multidisciplinary task force group in order to provide a basis for standardization of clinical practices and future research protocols.Disclosure of Interests:Florent Eymard Consultant of: Regenlab, Paul Ornetti: None declared, Jérémy Maillet Consultant of: Regenlab, Eric Noel Consultant of: Regenlab, Philippe Adam Consultant of: Regenlab, Virginie Legré Boyer Consultant of: Regenlab, Thierry Boyer Consultant of: Regenlab, Fadoua Allali: None declared, Vincent Grémeaux Bader: None declared, Jean-François Kaux: None declared, Karine Louati: None declared, Martin Lamontagne Consultant of: Pendopharm, Fabrice Michel: None declared, Pascal Richette: None declared, Hervé Bard Consultant of: Regenlab

scholarly journals Media consumption and mental health during COVID-19 lockdown: a UK cross-sectional study across England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth D Neill ◽  
Carolyn Blair ◽  
Paul Best ◽  
Emily McGlinchey ◽  
Cherie Armour
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Media Exposure ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Media Consumption ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Longitudinal Data Collection

Abstract Aim As individuals adjust to new ‘norms’ and ways of living during the COVID-19 lockdown, there is a continuing need for up-to-date information and guidance. Evidence suggests that frequent media exposure is related to a higher prevalence of mental health problems, especially anxiety and depression. The aim of this study was to determine whether COVID-19 related media consumption is associated with changes in mental health outcomes. Methods This paper presents baseline data from the COVID-19 Psychological Wellbeing Study. The cross-sectional study data was collected using an online survey following the Generalised Anxiety Disorder scale (GAD-7) and the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), with some other basic information collected. Logistic regression analysis was used to examine the influence of socio-demographic and media specific factors on anxiety and depression. Results The study suggested that media usage is statistically significantly associated with anxiety and depression on the GAD-7 and PHQ-9 scales with excessive media exposure related to higher anxiety and depression scores. Conclusion This study indicated that higher media consumption was associated with higher levels of anxiety and depression. Worldwide it should be acknowledged that excessive media consumption, particularly social media relating to COVID-19, can have an effect on mental health. However, as this was a cross-sectional study we cannot infer any directionality as we cannot infer cause and effect; therefore, future research involving longitudinal data collection and analyses of variables over time is warranted.

scholarly journals Stress and burnout in Improving Access to Psychological Therapies (IAPT) trainees: a systematic review

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel Owen ◽  
Louise Crouch-Read ◽  
Matthew Smith ◽  
Paul Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Mental Health Professionals ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Future Research ◽  
List Type ◽  
Dual Roles ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Psychological Therapies ◽  
Current State

Abstract For more than a decade, Improving Access to Psychological Therapies (IAPT) has been training a new workforce of psychological therapists. Despite evidence of stress and burnout both in trainee mental health professionals, and qualified IAPT clinicians, little is known about these topics in IAPT trainees. Consequently, this systematic review sought to establish the current state of the literature regarding stress and burnout in IAPT trainees. Electronic databases were searched to identify all published and available unpublished work relating to the topic. On the basis of pre-established eligibility criteria, eight studies (including six unpublished doctoral theses) were identified and assessed for quality. This review identifies that research into the experience of IAPT trainees is under-developed. Existing evidence tentatively suggests that IAPT trainees may experience levels of stress and burnout that are higher than their qualified peers and among the higher end of healthcare professionals more generally. The experience of fulfilling dual roles as mental health professionals and university students concurrently appears to be a significant source of stress for IAPT trainees. More research regarding the levels and sources of stress and burnout in IAPT trainees is urgently needed to confirm and extend these findings. Recommendations for future research in the area are given. Key learning aims (1) To establish the current state of the literature regarding stress and burnout in IAPT trainees. (2) To raise practitioner, service and education-provider awareness regarding the levels and perceived sources of stress and burnout in IAPT trainees. (3) To make recommendations regarding future research on the topic.

scholarly journals The Infinity Formulation: how transdiagnostic behaviours and endeavours for behavioural change serve to maintain co-morbid mental health presentations

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison Bennetts
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Cognitive Biases ◽  
Behavioural Change ◽  
Psychological Theory ◽  
Primary Treatment ◽  
Future Research ◽  
List Type ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural ◽  
Co Morbidity

Abstract Treatment recommendations for mental health are often founded on diagnosis-specific models; however, there are high rates of co-morbidity of mental health presentations and growing recognition of the presence of ‘transdiagnostic processes’ (cognitive, emotional or behavioural features) seen across a range of mental health presentations. This model proposes a novel conceptualisation of how transdiagnostic behaviours may maintain co-morbid mental health presentations by acting as a trigger event for the cognitive biases specific to each presentation. Drawing on existing evidence, psychological theory and the author’s clinical experience, the model organises complex presentations in a theory-driven yet accessible manner for use in clinical practice. The model offers both theoretical and clinical implications for the treatment of mental health presentations using cognitive behavioural approaches, positing that transdiagnostic behaviours be the primary treatment target in co-morbid presentations. Key learning aims (1) To understand the strengths and limitations of existing transdiagnostic CBT formulation models. (2) To learn about a novel, transdiagnostic and behaviourally focused formulation for use in clinical practice. (3) To understand how to use the tool in clinical practice and future research.

Co-dependency in mothers of addicted persons: Data from Bulgaria

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S623-S623
Author(s):  
D. Ivanova ◽  
V. Giannouli
Keyword(s):  
State Anxiety ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Poor Mental Health ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Future Research ◽  
High School Degree ◽  
Helping Relationship ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
High Level ◽  
University Degree

IntroductionCo-dependent relationships are characterized as a type of dysfunctional helping relationship in which there is an excessive reliance on other people for approval and identity. This is very common for female relatives who support/enable another person's addiction, poor mental health, immaturity, and/or irresponsibility.ObjectiveThe aim of the present study is to reveal the co-dependence profile of mothers of addicted persons in Bulgaria.MethodFour hundred Bulgarian women coming from Blagoevgrad, Sofia and Stara Zagora (Mage = 53.55, SDage = 5.58; level of education: 71% with high school degree, 29%with university degree; all mothers of addicted persons) were examined at the Municipal Council on Drug Addiction Blagoevgrad with the STAI-state questionnaire, the ZUNG Self Rating Depression Scale and the Questionnaire of Establishment of Codependency.ResultsResults indicated that in a scale of scores ranging from 2 = minimum to 4 = maximum of co-dependence, this group of women had high self-reported levels of co-dependence (M = 3.6375, SD = .52610), a high depressive profile (M = 49.07, SD = 3.23, and high state anxiety (M = 66.60, SD = 5.58).ConclusionsThe present research suggests that mothers of dependent individuals in Bulgaria show a high level of co-dependency, anxiety and depression. Future research should clarify the reasons of this overall negative emotional profile.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Experimental Study on Critical Shear Stress of Cohesive Soils and Soil Mixtures

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 587-600
Author(s):  
Xiaojing Gao ◽  
Qiusheng Wang ◽  
Chongbang Xu ◽  
Ruilin Su
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Shear Stress ◽  
Critical Shear Stress ◽  
Cohesive Soil ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cohesive Soils ◽  
List Type ◽  
Soil Mixture ◽  
Linear Relationships ◽  
Soil Mixtures

HighlightsErosion tests were performed to study the critical shear stress of cohesive soils and soil mixtures.Linear relationships were observed between critical shear stress and cohesion of cohesive soils.Mixture critical shear stress relates to noncohesive particle size and cohesive soil erodibility.A formula for calculating the critical shear stress of soil mixtures is proposed and verified.Abstract. The incipient motion of soil is an important engineering property that impacts reservoir sedimentation, stable channel design, river bed degradation, and dam breach. Due to numerous factors influencing the erodibility parameters, the study of critical shear stress (tc) of cohesive soils and soil mixtures is still far from mature. In this study, erosion experiments were conducted to investigate the influence of soil properties on the tc of remolded cohesive soils and cohesive and noncohesive soil mixtures with mud contents varying from 0% to 100% using an erosion function apparatus (EFA). For cohesive soils, direct linear relationships were observed between tc and cohesion (c). The critical shear stress for soil mixture (tcm) erosion increased monotonically with an increase in mud content (pm). The median diameter of noncohesive soil (Ds), the void ratio (e), and the organic content of cohesive soil also influenced tcm. A formula for calculating tcm considering the effect of pm and the tc of noncohesive soil and pure mud was developed. The proposed formula was validated using experimental data from the present and previous research, and it can reproduce the variation of tcm for reconstituted soil mixtures. To use the proposed formula to predict the tcm for artificial engineering problems, experimental erosion tests should be performed. Future research should further test the proposed formula based on additional experimental data. Keywords: Cohesive and noncohesive soil mixture, Critical shear stress, Erodibility, Mud content, Soil property.

scholarly journals Computer Simulation of the King's Cross Fire: Effect of Radiative Heat Transfer on Fire Spread

1991 ◽  
Vol 205 (3) ◽  
pp. 201-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
W M G Malalasekera ◽  
F Lockwood
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Radiative Heat ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Fire Spread ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Full Description ◽  
Department Of Health ◽  
Underground Fire ◽  
The Mathematical Model ◽  
Good Agreement

A mathematical model has been applied to simulate model experiments of the 1987 King's Cross underground fire by the Department of Health and Safety Executive. The predicted growth of the fire is compared with the experimental data and in particular the predicted and measured times to ‘flashover’ are compared. The comparisons show exceptional agreement which, in part, may be fortuitous due to the need to facilitate the prediction of the early stages of the growth with the aid of an experimentally estimated fire strength. The good agreement nonetheless is also due to the full description of the radiation transfer which is a feature of the mathematical model. It is concluded that the flashover phenomenon that occurred at King's Cross was thermal radiation driven and that future research should be devoted to modelling the details of fire spread across a combustible surface.

scholarly journals Multiple breath washout: measuring early manifestations of lung pathology

Breathe ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 210016
Author(s):  
Sanja Stanojevic ◽  
Cole Bowerman ◽  
Paul Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Early Intervention ◽  
Lung Function ◽  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Testing Time ◽  
List Type ◽  
Lung Pathology ◽  
Lung Function Decline ◽  
Airway Pathology ◽  
Multiple Breath Washout

The multiple breath washout (MBW) test measures the efficiency of gas mixing in the lungs and has gained significant interest over the past 20 years. MBW outcomes detect early lung function impairment and peripheral airway pathology, through its main outcome measure lung clearance index (LCI). LCI measures the number of lung turnovers required to washout an inert tracer gas. MBW is performed during normal (tidal) breathing, making it particularly suitable for young children or those who have trouble performing forced manoeuvres. Additionally, research in chronic respiratory disease populations has shown that MBW can detect acute clinically relevant changes before conventional lung function tests, such as spirometry, thus enabling early intervention. The development of technical standards for MBW and commercial devices have allowed MBW to be implemented in clinical research and potentially routine clinical practice. Although studies have summarised clinimetric properties of MBW indices, additional research is required to establish the clinical utility of MBW and, if possible, shorten testing time. Sensitive, feasible measures of early lung function decline will play an important role in early intervention for people living with respiratory diseases.Educational aimTo describe the multiple breath washout test, its applications to lung pathology and respiratory disease, as well as directions for future research.

scholarly journals A Diary Study on When and With Whom Recovery Experiences Modulate Daily Stress and Worry During a COVID-19 Lockdown

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie Ménard ◽  
Annie Foucreault ◽  
Hugues Leduc ◽  
Sophie Meunier ◽  
Sarah-Geneviève Trépanier
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Negative Mood ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Daily Stress ◽  
Multiple Risk Factors ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Lag Effect ◽  
Recovery Experiences ◽  
Measured Time

In April 2020, almost six out of 10 people around the world were in lockdown due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Being locked down usually has a deleterious effect on the confined individual's mental health. In this exceptionally challenging context, finding ways to minimize negative mood about the pandemic is essential. Pandemic-related negative states (“negative mood”) and recovery experiences were investigated in a sample of 264 individuals who completed daily surveys four times per day over 7 consecutive days. MSEMs analyses revealed that negative mood persisted from moment-to-moment through the day, thus showing a response lag effect. Further analyses revealed that when someone experienced pandemic-related psychological detachment, relaxation, mastery, control, pleasure, or relatedness at specific periods of the day, mood had improved at the next measured time period, suggesting a protective effect. However, the pattern displayed by singles with dependents suggests that some recovery experiences at specific periods during the day seem to have a backfiring effect and worsen subsequent mood. These findings bring new insight into the role of recovery experiences during lockdowns and suggest that many could benefit from such experiences throughout the day when self-isolating. However, for individuals with multiple risk factors such as being single with dependents, some recovery experiences, at specific periods during the day, might not bring the desired outcome and future research is needed to examine if guilt or domestic burden may explain this finding. Results contribute to our understanding of how to take care of one's mental health during the current pandemic, and concrete recommendations adapted to individual contexts are provided.

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