Competitive approach of invasive cocklebur (Xanthium strumarium) with native weed species diversity in Northeast China

AbstractXanthium strumarium is yearly weed local to North America and is presently an obtrusive species. The intrusive weed can contend with local decent variety may turn into a hazardous weed for the agrarian profitability and rangeland biological systems. The present examination researched the challenge of intrusive and local weed populaces inside two straight out variables in matched quadratic rings (treatment/invasive with control/non-invasive). The present investigation was led at four unique areas of northeast China to discover competition of Xanthium strumarium on 40 paired matched vegetations in same condition and living space conditions. The number of species (NOS) occurred in quadratic ring; abundance (A); Simpsons Diversity Index (SDI); Margalef’s Richness Index (MRI) compared between invasive and non-invasive quadrates by t-test was recorded significant (P<0.05) suggestion of competitions between plant communities. The abundance in communities decreased significantly in invasive compared to non-invasive quadrate gave an indication about low productivity of plant species due to Xanthium strumarium. Rarefaction bend with respect to coefficient of determination (R2) explored in the overviewed network (0.86) proposed that there is a solid positive polynomial connection between various weed families. Greatest difference list (87.06%) recorded in Huailai province followed by Yangyuan (44.43%), Zhangjiakou (40.13%) and at Fushun (29.02%). Significant (P<0.05) maximum global R demonstrated high species decent variety was found in Huailai area (0.943) trailed by Zhangjiakou. Significant (P<0.05) density of native weed was recorded in non-invasive quadrate which was comparable to the invasive quadrate. Finally invasive Xanthium strumarium compete with native weeds diversity created significant threat to the natural diversity. Most extreme thickness of weed species gave cautioning that the predominant edaphic and natural states of the uneven regions are profoundly favorable for the dispersion and development of the weed in future.

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Effects of the invasive plant Xanthium strumarium on diversity of native plant species: A competitive analysis approach in North and Northeast China

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0228476 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (11) ◽

pp. e0228476

Author(s):

Mazher Farid Iqbal ◽

Ming-Chao Liu ◽

Aafia Iram ◽

Yu-Long Feng

Keyword(s):

Species Richness ◽

Plant Species ◽

Plant Communities ◽

Northeast China ◽

Invasive Plant ◽

Diversity Index ◽

Diversity Indices ◽

Xanthium Strumarium ◽

Native Plant ◽

Native Plant Species

Xanthium strumarium is native to North America and now has become one of the invasive alien species (IAS) in China. In order to detect the effects of the invader on biodiversity and evaluate its suitable habitats and ecological distribution, we investigated the abundance, relative abundance, diversity indices, and the number of the invasive and native plants in paired invaded and non-invaded quadrats in four locations in North and Northeast China. We also analyzed the effects of monthly mean maximum and minimum temperatures, relative humidity (%), and precipitations (mm). Strong positive significant (P < 0.01) correlation and maximum interspecific competition (41%) were found in Huailai between invaded and non-invaded quadrats. Shannon’s Diversity Index showed that non-invaded plots had significantly (P < 0.05) more diversified species than invaded ones. The significant (P < 0.05) Margalef’s Richness Index was found in Huailai and Zhangjiakou in non-invaded recorded heterogeneous nature of plant communities. Similarly, significant (P < 0.05) species richness found in Huailai and Zhangjiakou in non-invaded quadrats compared to invaded ones. Maximum evenness of Setaria feberi (0.47, 0.37), Seteria viridis (0.43) found in Fushun and Zhangjiakou recorded more stable in a community compared to other localities. Evenness showed positive relationship of Shannon Entropy within different plant species. The higher dissimilarity in plant communities found in Huailai (87.06%) followed by Yangyuan (44.43%), Zhangjiakou (40.13%) and Fushun (29.02%). The significant (P < 0.01) value of global statistics R (0.943/94.3%) showed high species diversity recorded in Huailai followed by Zhangjiakou recorded by non-metric multidimensional scaling and analysis of similarity between invaded and non-invaded plots. At the end it was concluded that the diversity indices reduced significantly (P < 0.05) in invaded quadrats indicated that native plant species become less diverse due to X. strumarium invasion. The degrees of X. strumarium invasion affected on species richness resulted to reduce diversity indices significantly in invaded quadrats.

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Assemblage Patterns of Hymenoptera at Different Elevations of Gunung Datuk, Rembau

Scientific Research Journal ◽

10.24191/srj.v14i2.9358 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 1 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Noor Nasuha Abd Aziz ◽

Siti Khairiyah Mohd Hatta ◽

Idris Abd Ghani ◽

Saiyid Jalaluddin Saiyid Shaifuddin

Keyword(s):

Species Richness ◽

Diversity Index ◽

High Elevation ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Index Site ◽

Evenness Index ◽

Abundance And Diversity ◽

Richness Index ◽

Paired T Test ◽

Malaise Traps

A study on abundance and diversity of Hymenoptera was conducted in Gunung Datuk, Rembau. Samplings were conducted from November 2014 to February 2015 using six Malaise traps. Three traps were placed at Site 1 at 700m height for high elevation and the remaining traps were placed at Site 2 at 200m height for low elevation. A total number of 221 Hymenopteran were collected which consist of nine families namely Ichneumonidae, Formicidae, Braconidae, Bethylidae, Evaniidae, Tiphiidae, Vespidae, Pompilidae and Apidae. In this study, 93 individuals were obtained from Site 1, comprising nine families and 43 morphospecies while 127 individuals were obtained from Site 2 with nine families and 45 morphospecies. Formicidae was the most dominant family collected from both sites with a total of 104 individuals while the least family recorded was Apidae with only one individual. Shannon’s Weiner Diversity Index (H’) showed Site 1 had the higher diversity value with H’ = 3.17 compared to Site 2 with value H’ = 3.12. For Evenness Index, Site 1 had higher value compared to Site 2 with E’ = 0.84 and E’ = 0.82 respectively. Moreover, for Margalef Richness Index, Site 1 recorded R’ = 9.24 while site two recorded R’ = 9.08 which concluded that Site 1 had higher species richness compared to Site 2. Paired t-test showed that both sites had no significant difference with p>0.05. Overall study showed that the diversity and abundance of Hymenoptera in Gunung Datuk were low since the value of H’ is less than 3.50.

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The grades and freshness assessment of eggs based on density detection using machine vision and weighing sensor

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-96140-x ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Supakorn Harnsoongnoen ◽

Nuananong Jaroensuk

Keyword(s):

Machine Vision ◽

Vision System ◽

Low Cost ◽

Measuring System ◽

Coefficient Of Determination ◽

Water Displacement ◽

Non Invasive ◽

Future Potential ◽

Non Destructive ◽

Egg Freshness

AbstractThe water displacement and flotation are two of the most accurate and rapid methods for grading and assessing freshness of agricultural products based on density determination. However, these techniques are still not suitable for use in agricultural inspections of products such as eggs that absorb water which can be considered intrusive or destructive and can affect the result of measurements. Here we present a novel proposal for a method of non-destructive, non-invasive, low cost, simple and real—time monitoring of the grading and freshness assessment of eggs based on density detection using machine vision and a weighing sensor. This is the first proposal that divides egg freshness into intervals through density measurements. The machine vision system was developed for the measurement of external physical characteristics (length and breadth) of eggs for evaluating their volume. The weighing system was developed for the measurement of the weight of the egg. Egg weight and volume were used to calculate density for grading and egg freshness assessment. The proposed system could measure the weight, volume and density with an accuracy of 99.88%, 98.26% and 99.02%, respectively. The results showed that the weight and freshness of eggs stored at room temperature decreased with storage time. The relationship between density and percentage of freshness was linear for the all sizes of eggs, the coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.9982, 0.9999, 0.9996, 0.9996 and 0.9994 for classified egg size classified 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively. This study shows that egg freshness can be determined through density without using water to test for water displacement or egg flotation which has future potential as a measuring system important for the poultry industry.

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EXAMINATION OF THE WEED FLORA OF RUDER HABITATS AND THE POSSIBILITY OF SUPPRESSION WITH HERBICIDES

Applied Researches in Technics Technologies and Education ◽

10.15547/artte.2018.04.007 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (4) ◽

pp. 329-332

Author(s):

Milić Vojinović ◽

Jelica Živić ◽

Sanja Perić ◽

Miroljub Aksić

Keyword(s):

Chenopodium Album ◽

Working Environment ◽

Xanthium Strumarium ◽

Weed Species ◽

Construction Sites ◽

Convolvulus Arvensis ◽

Human Settlements ◽

Time Of Application ◽

Vegetation Complex ◽

Selection Of

Ruderal flora, as well as the vegetation that flora forms, represent an extremely dynamic floristic-vegetation complex and arean integral part of the most immediate living and working environment of human. It is formed and developed mainly in human settlements, as well as in the other anthropogenic environments that are occasionally or permanently under direct or indirect influence of various forms of human activity. Ruderal vegetation is found not only directly around the settlements, but also around all urban and accompanying facilities: along roads, paths and fences around houses, yards, walls and roofs, in avenues, on ruins, construction sites, landfills, along railway tracks, road and defense embankments, on wet and nitrified banks of rivers, near human settlements, in abandoned lawns, on the street walks with sandy areas, cemeteries, in degraded pastures, forests, etc. This essay presents the distribution and representation of economically harmful, invasive and quarantine weed species (Abutilon theophrasti, Agropyrumrepens, Amaranthusretroflexus, Calystegiasepium, Cirsiumarvense, Chenopodium album, Chenopodiumhybridum, Convolvulus arvensis, Cynodondactylon, Daturastramonium, Sonchusarvensis, Sorghum halepense, Xanthium strumarium…) at ten sites in the Nisava district. The assessment of species representation was done in two shootings (May and August) according to scale 1-4. The proper selection of herbicides depends, in a large extent, on the presence of dominant weed species and on the time of application.

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A checklist of gilled mushrooms (Basidiomycota: Agaricomycetes) with diversity analysis in Hollongapar Gibbon Wildlife Sanctuary, Assam, India

Journal of Threatened Taxa ◽

10.11609/jott.1770.7.15.8272-8287 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 7 (15) ◽

pp. 8272 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Girish Gogoi ◽

Vipin Parkash

Keyword(s):

Species Richness ◽

Diversity Index ◽

Abundant Species ◽

Shannon Diversity Index ◽

Diversity Analysis ◽

Wildlife Sanctuary ◽

Shannon Diversity ◽

Number Of Species ◽

Simpson Diversity Index ◽

Richness Index

Hollongapar Gibbon Wildlife Sanctuary is comprised of five distinct compartments. A total of 138 species of gilled mushrooms belonging to 48 genera, 23 families, five orders of the class Agaricomycetes, division Basidiomycota, have been collected and analyzed. The order Agaricales was was found with the highest number of species (113), followed by Russulales (14), Polyporales (5), Cantharellales (4) and Boletales (2). The species Coprinellus disseminatus and Megacollybia rodmani have shown the highest (8.26) and the lowest density (0.05), respectively. A total of 24 species, e.g., Termitomyces albuminosus, Marasmius curreyi, Marasmiellus candidus, Leucocoprinus medioflavus, Mycena leaiana, Hygrocybe miniata, Collybia chrysoropha, Gymnopus confluens were common with frequency percentage of 11.9, whereas Megacollybia rodmani with less frequency percentage (2.4) was found only in few quadrates of the sanctuary. The highly abundant species were Termitomyces medius (91.7) and Coprinellus disseminatus (86.8), and less abundant species were Psilocybe wayanadensis (1.0) and Lepiota sp. (1.0) in the study site. The order of the species richness index (R) compartment wise was 2>3>4>5>1. Both the Shannon diversity index and Simpson diversity index of agarics was maximum (1.88, 0.98) in compartment 2, whereas minimum (1.72, 0.95) in compartment 1 and 5, respectively. Moreover, the compartment 2 was found very much similar with compartment 3 and very less similar with compartment 1.<div> </div>

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Characteristics of Benthos communities in Laoting area of Hebei Province

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/202020602024 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 206 ◽

pp. 02024

Author(s):

Li Guanglou ◽

Cao Hongmei ◽

Ye wei

Keyword(s):

Community Structure ◽

Benthic Community ◽

Dominant Species ◽

Diversity Index ◽

Hebei Province ◽

Benthic Community Structure ◽

Number Of Species ◽

Evenness Index ◽

Sea Area ◽

Richness Index

According to a survey of benthos in the Laoting sea area of Hebei Province on May 24th 2019, a total of 40 benthos species were obtained, of which mollusks have the largest number, followed by annelids and arthropods. The dominant species are Sternaspis sculata and Ringicula doliaris. The number of species obtained in this survey is much lower than the historical average. The diversity index is significantly lower than that in the April 2008 survey, and the evenness index and richness index have declined slightly, indicating that the benthic community structure in this sea area tends to be simplistic, stability tends to deteriorate.

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COMMUNITY STRUCTURE ECHINODERMS (ASTEROIDEA, OPHIUROIDEA, ECHINOIDEA AND HOLOTHUROIDEA) IN THE MARINE NATIONAL PARK EAST SULAWESI WAKATOBI

Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kelautan Tropis ◽

10.29244/jitkt.v8i1.13898 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 357-366 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Eddy Yusron

Keyword(s):

Species Richness ◽

Community Structure ◽

National Parks ◽

National Park ◽

Diversity Index ◽

Dead Coral ◽

Evenness Index ◽

Different Types ◽

High Level ◽

Richness Index

A study on Echinoderms community structure in marine national parks of Wakatobi, Southeast Sulawesi was conducted in six locations, i.e., Waha Beach, Coastal Sombo, Beach Houses, Beach Kapota, Banakawa beach, and Umala beach in October 2013. All of the six parks were located the Wakatobi territorial waters with coordinates of 5°06'25" S and 123°124'10 E. The results showed of 18 species of echinoderms representing six different types of Asteroidea, two types of Ophiuroidea, six types of Echinoidea, and four types of Holothuroidea. Group of starfish or Asteroidea was the most prominent on seagrass area. Based on the six transects sites, it turned out that the group of starfish (Asteridea) occupied a relatively high level of species richness. From the quantitative analysis values, we obtained diversity index (H) of 1.105 in Sombu, the highest evenness index (J) of 0.989 was found in Umala, and the highest species richness index values (D) of 0.132 was obtained in kapota. It seemed that all echinoderm groups were generally like seagrass microhabitat (12 types). While, sand and dead coral habitats were only occupied by 8 (eight) echinoderm groups. Keywords: echinoderms, diversity, Wakatobi, Southeast Sulawesi

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Study on Urban Landscape Green Space -- A Case Study of Longquanshan Park

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/202127201002 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 272 ◽

pp. 01002

Author(s):

Huan Dai ◽

Wei Li ◽

Yan Zeng ◽

Xinyang Zhang

Keyword(s):

Species Richness ◽

Urban Landscape ◽

Diversity Index ◽

Evergreen Species ◽

Forest Park ◽

Shrub Layer ◽

Tree Layer ◽

Deciduous Shrubs ◽

Forest Parks ◽

Richness Index

Studying on Qinglongshan Forest Park in Wuhan by typical plot method, 15 typical plots in the park were investigated, and the species richness index, diversity index, evenness index, frequency and important value index were calculated. The results showed that there were 139 species of woody plants belonging to 46 families and 97 genera, including 41 species of evergreen trees, 32 species of deciduous trees, 62 species of evergreen shrubs, 25 species of deciduous shrubs, and 4 species of bamboo belonging to 1 family, 3 genera. Species richness index and Simpson diversity index were all expressed as tree layer > shrub layer, evergreen species > deciduous species. Pielou evenness was tree layer > shrub layer. This study can provide some reference for understanding the existing plant status of forest parks, carrying out science popularization, scientific research, protection and improvement of forest landscape quality.

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Diversity Measurement Indices of Diatom Communities in the Tigris River within Wasit Province, Iraq

Baghdad Science Journal ◽

10.21123/bsj.15.2.117-122 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 15 (2) ◽

pp. 117-122

Author(s):

Baghdad Science Journal

Keyword(s):

Diversity Index ◽

Diatom Species ◽

Aquatic Life ◽

Tigris River ◽

Lotic Ecosystem ◽

Evenness Index ◽

River Quality ◽

Diatom Communities ◽

Richness Index ◽

Diversity Measurement

The study was conducted to measure diatom species diversity in the lotic ecosystem across the Wasit Province for 12 months. The quantitative study of diatoms (phytoplankton) was investigated in the Tigris river. The density of algae was ranged from 60989 cell×103/l to 112780.82 cell×103/l in the five sites. These algae were belonging to 39 genera. The richness index values ranged from 1.53 at site 5 in January 2016 to 6.34 at site 1 and June2015. Shannon-Weiner diversity index (H´) was 2.33 in February 2016 and 3.72 in June 2015 both values at site 3, whereas Evenness index was 0.54 at site 5 in March2016 and 0.98 at site 1 in both August2015 and May2016. The lack of homogeneity of the appearance of species indicates the dominance of a few species with high densities, which is an indicator of the existence of environmental pressure. All studied indices showed that the Tigris River quality is suitable for the living aquatic life or may be slightly affected by the pollutants.

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Kepelbagaian Artropod dalam Tanaman Padi Tradisional di Batang Lupar, Sarawak

Jurnal Teknologi ◽

10.11113/jt.v70.3535 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 70 (6) ◽

Author(s):

Mohd Fitri Masarudin ◽

Maisarah Mohamad Saad

Keyword(s):

Insect Pests ◽

Diversity Index ◽

Analysis Data ◽

Shannon Index ◽

Rice Fields ◽

Rice Varieties ◽

Stages Of Growth ◽

Wiener Diversity Index ◽

Insect Predators ◽

Richness Index

The diversity of arthropod consists of pests and predators in rice fields were contribute to the biological control of crop pests at different stages of growth. The rice fields in Batang Lupar, Sarawak has diverse ecological conditions as well as presence of arthropod too. The study in MARDI research plot Batang Lupar in Sri Aman, Sarawak had been done on traditional rice varieties, Bubuk, Bali and Mamut by using sweeping net. The entire specimens were sorted out and classified into the smallest possible taxa. Statistical analysis were analysed by using Shanon-wiener Diversity Index, Evenness Shannon Index and Margalef Richness Index. A total of 272 individual arthropods had been collected and it consists of 7 order, 18 families and 23 species. Among of that 3 species are spiders, 9 species are insect pests and 11 species are insect predators. Analysis data for the diversity of arthropod has shown that there were no significantly different between three varieties, Bubuk, Bali and Mamut (P > 0.05). Besides that, diversity of the arthropod in Bali is higher than Bubuk and Mamut.

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