scholarly journals The dynamics of the improvising brain: a study of musical creativity using jazz improvisation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Alves Da Mota ◽  
Henrique M Fernandes ◽  
Eloise Stark ◽  
Joana Cabral ◽  
Ole Adrian Heggli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resting State ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Neural Substrates ◽  
Jazz Improvisation ◽  
Cognitive Mechanisms ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
Creativity Research ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
Musical Creativity ◽  
First Time

AbstractThe neuroscience of jazz improvisation has shown promising results for understanding domain-specific and domain-general processes of creativity. Here, we used fMRI to measure for the first time the dynamic neural substrates of musical creativity in 16 skilled jazz pianists while they played by memory, improvised freely (iFreely) and by melody (iMelody), and during resting-state. We used the Leading Eigenvector Dynamics Analysis (LEiDA) to examine how different modes of improvisation (musical creativity) evolve over time, and which cognitive mechanisms are responsible for different stages of musical creation. Our results reveal that a substate comprising auditory, sensorimotor and posterior salience networks had a significantly higher probability of occurrence (POc) in both modes of improvisation than in resting-state and play by memory. Another substate comprising the default mode (DMN), executive control (ECN) and language networks had significantly lower POc in iFreely than in resting-state, with iMelody having a higher POc than iFreely. Such indicates that iMelody, a more constrained form of creativity involves a higher recurrence of subsystems responsible for goal-directed cognition and cognitive control processes. On the other hand, iFreely recruits brain networks responsible for generation of spontaneous musical creativity. Overall, this study brings new insights into the large-scale brain mechanisms supporting and promoting the complex process of creativity, specifically in the context of jazz improvisation, as well as the relevance of different improvisation modes in creativity research.

scholarly journals Resting state cerebral networks in mouse lemur primates: from multilevel validation to comparison with humans

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clément M. Garin ◽  
Nachiket A. Nadkarni ◽  
Brigitte Landeau ◽  
Gaël Chételat ◽  
Jean-Luc Picq ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resting State ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Brain Network ◽  
Mouse Lemur ◽  
Mr Images ◽  
Resting State Functional Connectivity ◽  
Functional Regions ◽  
Mouse Lemurs ◽  
Large Scale Networks ◽  
First Time

AbstractMeasures of resting-state functional connectivity allow the description of neuronal networks in humans and provide a window on brain function in normal and pathological conditions. Animal models are critical to further address experimentally the function of brain networks and their roles in pathologies. Here we describe for the first time brain network organization in the mouse lemur (Microcebus murinus), a small primate attracting increased attention as a model for neuroscience. Resting-state functional MR images were recorded at 11.7 Tesla. Forty-eight functional regions were identified and used to identify networks using graph theory, dictionary learning and seed-based analyses. Comparison of results issued from these three complementary methods allowed the description of the most robust networks from mouse lemurs. Large scale networks were then identified from resting-state functional MR images of humans using the same method as for lemurs. Strong homologies were outlined between cerebral networks in mouse lemurs and humans.

Methods of Network Planning and Management when Implementing Territory Planning Projects

2019 ◽  
pp. 49-54
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Housing Stock ◽  
Network Planning ◽  
Network Models ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Planning And Management ◽  
Planning Project ◽  
Complex Process

The success of the Program of housing stock renovation in Moscow depends on the efficiency of resource management. One of the main urban planning documents that determine the nature of the reorganization of residential areas included in the Program of renovation is the territory planning project. The implementation of the planning project is a complex process that has a time point of its beginning and end, and also includes a set of interdependent parallel-sequential activities. From an organizational point of view, it is convenient to use network planning and management methods for project implementation. These methods are based on the construction of network models, including its varieties – a Gantt chart. A special application has been developed to simulate the implementation of planning projects. The article describes the basic principles and elements of modeling. The list of the main implementation parameters of the Program of renovation obtained with the help of the developed software for modeling is presented. The variants of using the results obtained for a comprehensive analysis of the implementation of large-scale urban projects are proposed.

Scheming

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seán Damer
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Housing Policy ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Class Structure ◽  
Local Council ◽  
Housing Scheme ◽  
Post War ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Voice ◽  
House Building

This book seeks to explain how the Corporation of Glasgow, in its large-scale council house-building programme in the inter- and post-war years, came to reproduce a hierarchical Victorian class structure. The three tiers of housing scheme which it constructed – Ordinary, Intermediate, and Slum-Clearance – effectively signified First, Second and Third Class. This came about because the Corporation uncritically reproduced the offensive and patriarchal attitudes of the Victorian bourgeoisie towards the working-class. The book shows how this worked out on the ground in Glasgow, and describes the attitudes of both authoritarian housing officials, and council tenants. This is the first time the voice of Glasgow’s council tenants has been heard. The conclusion is that local council housing policy was driven by unapologetic considerations of social class.

The labour that dare not speak its name

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason Toynbee
Keyword(s):  
Social Structure ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Division Of Labour ◽  
Concrete Material ◽  
Material World ◽  
Music Making ◽  
Causal Impact ◽  
Musical Creativity ◽  
Material Conditions

The is chapter argues that to understand the distributed nature of musical creativity we need to examine its connection to large-scale social structure and to capitalist relations of labour. These relations have a ‘downward’ causal impact on creative acts. Firstly, this is through the division of labour, which plays out in different ways across genres from classical to pop. Secondly, creative musical labour involves engagement with the concrete, material world. The distributed nature of creativity is determined not only by the drive to divide or consolidate music-making tasks but also depends on the nature of the musical materials to hand, and methods of dealing with them. Two methods are described in this chapter: translation and intensification. Each (sometimes they are combined) entails the making of relatively autonomous creative choices which are emergent from the structural and material conditions of musical labour.

scholarly journals Shell-crossing in a ΛCDM Universe

2020 ◽  
Vol 501 (1) ◽  
pp. L71-L75
Author(s):  
Cornelius Rampf ◽  
Oliver Hahn
Keyword(s):  
Dark Matter ◽  
Perturbation Theory ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Cold Dark Matter ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Random Initial Data ◽  
Recursion Relations ◽  
Indispensable Tool ◽  
First Time ◽  
Very High

ABSTRACT Perturbation theory is an indispensable tool for studying the cosmic large-scale structure, and establishing its limits is therefore of utmost importance. One crucial limitation of perturbation theory is shell-crossing, which is the instance when cold-dark-matter trajectories intersect for the first time. We investigate Lagrangian perturbation theory (LPT) at very high orders in the vicinity of the first shell-crossing for random initial data in a realistic three-dimensional Universe. For this, we have numerically implemented the all-order recursion relations for the matter trajectories, from which the convergence of the LPT series at shell-crossing is established. Convergence studies performed at large orders reveal the nature of the convergence-limiting singularities. These singularities are not the well-known density singularities at shell-crossing but occur at later times when LPT already ceased to provide physically meaningful results.

3.17% efficient Cu2ZnSnS4–BiVO4 integrated tandem cell for standalone overall solar water splitting

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dingwang Huang ◽  
Kang Wang ◽  
Lintao Li ◽  
Kuang Feng ◽  
Na An ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Splitting ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Tandem Cell ◽  
Solar Water ◽  
Solar Water Splitting ◽  
First Time

3.17% efficient Cu2ZnSnS4–BiVO4 integrated tandem cell and a large scale 5 × 5 cm integrated CZTS–BiVO4 tandem device for standalone overall solar water splitting was assembled for the first time.

scholarly journals The SAMI Galaxy Survey: the third and final data release

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott M Croom ◽  
Matt S Owers ◽  
Nicholas Scott ◽  
Henry Poetrodjojo ◽  
Brent Groves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Resolving Power ◽  
Stellar Kinematics ◽  
New Era ◽  
Optical Wavelength ◽  
Astronomical Optics ◽  
Data Release ◽  
Gas Ionization ◽  
Release Data ◽  
First Time

Abstract We have entered a new era where integral-field spectroscopic surveys of galaxies are sufficiently large to adequately sample large-scale structure over a cosmologically significant volume. This was the primary design goal of the SAMI Galaxy Survey. Here, in Data Release 3 (DR3), we release data for the full sample of 3068 unique galaxies observed. This includes the SAMI cluster sample of 888 unique galaxies for the first time. For each galaxy, there are two primary spectral cubes covering the blue (370–570 nm) and red (630–740 nm) optical wavelength ranges at spectral resolving power of R = 1808 and 4304 respectively. For each primary cube, we also provide three spatially binned spectral cubes and a set of standardized aperture spectra. For each galaxy, we include complete 2D maps from parameterized fitting to the emission-line and absorption-line spectral data. These maps provide information on the gas ionization and kinematics, stellar kinematics and populations, and more. All data are available online through Australian Astronomical Optics (AAO) Data Central.

scholarly journals A Novel and Efficient High-Yield Method for Preparing Bacterial Ghosts

Toxins ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 420
Author(s):  
Yi Ma ◽  
Liu Cui ◽  
Meng Wang ◽  
Qiuli Sun ◽  
Kaisheng Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Expression System ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Efficient Protection ◽  
Bacterial Ghosts ◽  
Cell Envelopes ◽  
Extracellular Structures ◽  
First Time

Bacterial ghosts (BGs) are empty cell envelopes possessing native extracellular structures without a cytoplasm and genetic materials. BGs are proposed to have significant prospects in biomedical research as vaccines or delivery carriers. The applications of BGs are often limited by inefficient bacterial lysis and a low yield. To solve these problems, we compared the lysis efficiency of the wild-type protein E (EW) from phage ΦX174 and the screened mutant protein E (EM) in the Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) strain. The results show that the lysis efficiency mediated by protein EM was improved. The implementation of the pLysS plasmid allowed nearly 100% lysis efficiency, with a high initial cell density as high as OD600 = 2.0, which was higher compared to the commonly used BG preparation method. The results of Western blot analysis and immunofluorescence indicate that the expression level of protein EM was significantly higher than that of the non-pLysS plasmid. High-quality BGs were observed by SEM and TEM. To verify the applicability of this method in other bacteria, the T7 RNA polymerase expression system was successfully constructed in Salmonella enterica (S. Enterica, SE). A pET vector containing EM and pLysS were introduced to obtain high-quality SE ghosts which could provide efficient protection for humans and animals. This paper describes a novel and commonly used method to produce high-quality BGs on a large scale for the first time.

Offshore Claims and Problems in the North Sea

1965 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 505-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Young
Keyword(s):  
North Sea ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Geneva Convention ◽  
Legal Principles ◽  
The North ◽  
Legal Problems ◽  
The North Sea ◽  
The Subject ◽  
First Time ◽  
Economic Considerations

The possible presence of very large petroleum and natural gas reserves in the area beneath the North Sea is currently the subject of intense investigation. If confirmed, as seems likely in at least some localities, this occurrence will raise legal problems of considerable interest and complexity. For the North Sea is not merely an oilfield covered by water: for centuries it has been one of the world's major fishery regions and the avenue to and from the world's busiest seaports. Thus all three of the present principal uses of the sea—fishing, navigation, and the exploitation of submarine resources—promise to meet for the first time on a large scale in an area where all are of major importance. The process of reconciling the various interests at stake will provide the first thoroughgoing test of the adequacy and acceptability of the general principles laid down in the 1958 Geneva Convention on the Continental Shelf and should add greatly to the practice and precedents available in this developing branch of the law. In the present article an attempt is made to review some of the geographical and economic considerations involved in the North Sea situation, to note some of the technical and legal developments that have already taken place, and to consider these elements in the light of the various interests and legal principles concerned.

scholarly journals Revealing the constituents of Egypt’s oldest beer using infrared and mass spectrometry

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed A. Farag ◽  
Moamen M. Elmassry ◽  
Masahiro Baba ◽  
Renée Friedman
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Beer Brewing ◽  
Chemical Signatures ◽  
Chemical Determination ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
High Level ◽  
Beer Production ◽  
First Time ◽  
Detailed Chemical

Abstract Previous studies have shown that the Ancient Egyptians used malted wheat and barley as the main ingredients in beer brewing, but the chemical determination of the exact recipe is still lacking. To investigate the constituents of ancient beer, we conducted a detailed IR and GC-MS based metabolite analyses targeting volatile and non-volatile metabolites on the residues recovered from the interior of vats in what is currently the world’s oldest (c. 3600 BCE) installation for large-scale beer production located at the major pre-pharaonic political center at Hierakonpolis, Egypt. In addition to distinguishing the chemical signatures of various flavoring agents, such as dates, a significant result of our analysis is the finding, for the first time, of phosphoric acid in high level probably used as a preservative much like in modern beverages. This suggests that the early brewers had acquired the knowledge needed to efficiently produce and preserve large quantities of beer. This study provides the most detailed chemical profile of an ancient beer using modern spectrometric techniques and providing evidence for the likely starting materials used in beer brewing.

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