scholarly journals A Novel and Efficient High-Yield Method for Preparing Bacterial Ghosts

Toxins ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 420
Author(s):  
Yi Ma ◽  
Liu Cui ◽  
Meng Wang ◽  
Qiuli Sun ◽  
Kaisheng Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Expression System ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Efficient Protection ◽  
Bacterial Ghosts ◽  
Cell Envelopes ◽  
Extracellular Structures ◽  
First Time

Bacterial ghosts (BGs) are empty cell envelopes possessing native extracellular structures without a cytoplasm and genetic materials. BGs are proposed to have significant prospects in biomedical research as vaccines or delivery carriers. The applications of BGs are often limited by inefficient bacterial lysis and a low yield. To solve these problems, we compared the lysis efficiency of the wild-type protein E (EW) from phage ΦX174 and the screened mutant protein E (EM) in the Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) strain. The results show that the lysis efficiency mediated by protein EM was improved. The implementation of the pLysS plasmid allowed nearly 100% lysis efficiency, with a high initial cell density as high as OD600 = 2.0, which was higher compared to the commonly used BG preparation method. The results of Western blot analysis and immunofluorescence indicate that the expression level of protein EM was significantly higher than that of the non-pLysS plasmid. High-quality BGs were observed by SEM and TEM. To verify the applicability of this method in other bacteria, the T7 RNA polymerase expression system was successfully constructed in Salmonella enterica (S. Enterica, SE). A pET vector containing EM and pLysS were introduced to obtain high-quality SE ghosts which could provide efficient protection for humans and animals. This paper describes a novel and commonly used method to produce high-quality BGs on a large scale for the first time.

Towards scalable synthesis of high-quality PbS colloidal quantum dots for photovoltaic applications

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 1575-1583 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sijie Zhou ◽  
Zeke Liu ◽  
Yongjie Wang ◽  
Kunyuan Lu ◽  
Fan Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Dots ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Colloidal Quantum Dots ◽  
High Yield ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Excellent Quality ◽  
Photovoltaic Applications ◽  
Photovoltaic Technology ◽  
Scalable Synthesis ◽  
Large Scale Manufacture

Accelerating inorganic nanocrystal-based photovoltaic technology needs more efficient synthetic protocols for large scale manufacture, high yield and excellent quality nanocrystal materials.

scholarly journals High-yield production of 2D crystals by wet-jet milling

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 890-904 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. E. Del Rio Castillo ◽  
V. Pellegrini ◽  
A. Ansaldo ◽  
F. Ricciardella ◽  
H. Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
High Yield ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Yield Production ◽  
Layered Crystals ◽  
Liquid Phase Exfoliation ◽  
Jet Milling ◽  
2D Crystals ◽  
High Yield Production

A novel liquid-phase exfoliation of layered crystals enables the production of defect-free and high quality 2D-crystal dispersions on a large scale.

Large Scale Synthesis of Dendritic CdS Nanostrucutres

2013 ◽  
Vol 643 ◽  
pp. 186-190
Author(s):  
Meng Le Sun ◽  
Yan Xin Yang
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Facile Hydrothermal Method ◽  
Single Crystalline ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Selected Area Electron Diffraction ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Cds Nanostructures ◽  
First Time

Single crystalline CdS dendrites were successfully synthesized in high yield by a simple and facile hydrothermal method. The allyl thiourea and CdCl2•5H2O were used as raw materials for the synthesis of dendritic CdS nanostructures for the first time. The as-prepared products were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscope and selected area electron diffraction. The results demonstrate that the petal in an individual dendritic CdS nanoarchitecture is single crystalline and prefers growth along the [101] direction. The reaction parameters affected the CdS morphology were investigated systematically. It is found that the morphology of the samples are strongly dependent on the cadmium source, sulfide source, the reaction time and the solvent, the temperature has no effect on the morphology of the products. The possible mechanism was proposed for the formation of dendritic CdS nanostructures

scholarly journals Aggregated Gradient Langevin Dynamics

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (04) ◽  
pp. 6746-6753
Author(s):  
Chao Zhang ◽  
Jiahao Xie ◽  
Zebang Shen ◽  
Peilin Zhao ◽  
Tengfei Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Markov Chain ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Random Access ◽  
Langevin Dynamics ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Mcmc Sampling ◽  
Learning Tasks ◽  
First Time

In this paper, we explore a general Aggregated Gradient Langevin Dynamics framework (AGLD) for the Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) sampling. We investigate the nonasymptotic convergence of AGLD with a unified analysis for different data accessing (e.g. random access, cyclic access and random reshuffle) and snapshot updating strategies, under convex and nonconvex settings respectively. It is the first time that bounds for I/O friendly strategies such as cyclic access and random reshuffle have been established in the MCMC literature. The theoretic results also indicate that methods in AGLD possess the merits of both the low per-iteration computational complexity and the short mixture time. Empirical studies demonstrate that our framework allows to derive novel schemes to generate high-quality samples for large-scale Bayesian posterior learning tasks.

scholarly journals Graphene Quantum Dots with High Yield and High Quality Synthesized from Low Cost Precursor of Aphanitic Graphite

Nanomaterials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuling Shen ◽  
Junjie Wang ◽  
Zhujun Wu ◽  
Zheng Du ◽  
Zhihong Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Dots ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Graphene Quantum Dots ◽  
High Strength ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Average Thickness ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Graphene Oxide Quantum Dots ◽  
2D Nanosheets ◽  
First Time

It is difficult to keep the balance of high quality and high yield for graphene quantum dots (GQDs). Because the quality is uncontrollable during cutting large 2D nanosheets to small 0D nanodots by top-down methods and the yield is low for GQDs with high quality obtained from bottom-up strategy. Here, aphanitic graphite (AG), a low-cost graphite contains a large amount of small graphite nanocrystals with size of about 10 nm is used as the precursor of graphene oxide quantum dots (GO-QDs) for the first time. GO-QDs with high yield and high quality were successfully obtained directly by liquid phase exfoliating AG without high strength cutting. The yield of these GO-QDs can reach up to 40 wt. %, much higher than that obtained from flake graphite (FG) precursor (less than 10 wt. %). The size of GO-QDs can be controlled in 2–10 nm. The average thickness of GO-QDs is about 3 nm, less than 3 layer of graphene sheet. Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) with different surface properties can be easily obtained by simple hydrothermal treatment of GO-QDs, which can be used as highly efficient fluorescent probe. Developing AG as precursor for GQDs offers a way to produce GQDs in a low-cost, highly effective and scalable manner.

scholarly journals Structural and Functional Characterization of Recombinant Interleukin-10 from Indian Major CarpLabeo rohita

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sweta Karan ◽  
Pujarini Dash ◽  
Himani Kaushik ◽  
Pramoda K. Sahoo ◽  
Lalit C. Garg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Tertiary Structure ◽  
Interleukin 1 ◽  
Expression System ◽  
Functional Characterization ◽  
Interleukin 10 ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Interleukin-10, an important regulator of both the innate and adaptive immune systems, is a multifunctional major cytokine. Though it is one of the major cytokines, IL-10 from the Indian major carp,Labeo rohita,has not yet been characterized. In the present study, we report large scale production and purification of biologically active recombinant IL-10 ofL. rohita(rLrIL-10) using a heterologous expression system and its biophysical and functional characterization. High yield (~70 mg/L) of soluble rLrIL-10 was obtained at shake flask level. The rLrIL-10 was found to exist as a dimer. Far-UV CD spectroscopy showed presence of predominantly alpha helices. The tertiary structure of the purified rLrIL-10 was verified by fluorescence spectroscopy. Two-dimensional gel analysis revealed the presence of six isoforms of the rLrIL-10. The rLrIL-10 was biologically active and its administration significantly reduced serum proinflammatory cytokines, namely, interleukin 1β, TNFα, and IL-8, and augmented the NKEF transcript levels in spleen ofL. rohita. Anti-inflammatory role of the rLrIL-10 was further established by inhibition of phagocytosis using NBT reduction assayin vitro.The data indicate that the dimeric alpha helical structure and function of IL-10 ofL. rohitaas a key regulator of anti-inflammatory response have remained conserved during evolution.

Scheming

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seán Damer
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Housing Policy ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Class Structure ◽  
Local Council ◽  
Housing Scheme ◽  
Post War ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Voice ◽  
House Building

This book seeks to explain how the Corporation of Glasgow, in its large-scale council house-building programme in the inter- and post-war years, came to reproduce a hierarchical Victorian class structure. The three tiers of housing scheme which it constructed – Ordinary, Intermediate, and Slum-Clearance – effectively signified First, Second and Third Class. This came about because the Corporation uncritically reproduced the offensive and patriarchal attitudes of the Victorian bourgeoisie towards the working-class. The book shows how this worked out on the ground in Glasgow, and describes the attitudes of both authoritarian housing officials, and council tenants. This is the first time the voice of Glasgow’s council tenants has been heard. The conclusion is that local council housing policy was driven by unapologetic considerations of social class.

The Smoulder Stream of Cigarettes / Zur Kenntnis des Glimmstromes von Cigaretten

1965 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Seehofer ◽  
W. Schulz
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Spatial Position ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Physical Conditions ◽  
Moisture Contents ◽  
Cigarette Paper ◽  
First Time

AbstractThe phenomenon of the smoulder stream flowing through the cigarette during smouldering and during the puff intervals is demonstrated for the first time and its dependence upon physical conditions is examined. The volume of the smoulder stream can amount up to 180 ml per cigarette. Increasing draw resistance of the cigarette and augmenting moisture content of the tobacco as well as perforation of the cigarette paper have a decreasing effect on volume and velocity of the smoulder stream. The porosity of the cigarette paper has no perceptible influence. The spatial position of the cigarette affects volume and velocity of the smoulder stream. The influence exercised by the smoulder stream on the yields of total condensate, nicotine, phenols, aldehydes, and acroleine when the cigarette tip is open during the puff intervals is determined. When the moisture contents of the tobacco were extremely high, yield decreases reaching 50 % could be observed.

Iridium-Catalyzed Silylation of C-H bonds in Unactivated Arenes: A Sterically-Encumbered Phenanthroline Ligand Accelerates Catalysis Enabling New Reactivity

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caleb Karmel ◽  
Zhewei Chen ◽  
John Hartwig
Keyword(s):  
High Activity ◽  
Functional Group ◽  
Activity Analysis ◽  
High Reactivity ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Phen Ligand ◽  
Mechanistic Studies ◽  
Phenanthroline Ligand ◽  
First Time ◽  
New System

We report a new system for the silylation of aryl C-H bonds. The combination of [Ir(cod)(OMe)]<sub>2</sub> and 2,9-Me<sub>2</sub>-phenanthroline (2,9-Me<sub>2</sub>phen) catalyzes the silylation of arenes at lower temperatures and with faster rates than those reported previously, when the hydrogen byproduct is removed, and with high functional group tolerance and regioselectivity. Inhibition of reactions by the H<sub>2</sub> byproduct is shown to limit the silylation of aryl C-H bonds in the presence of the most active catalysts, thereby masking their high activity. Analysis of initial rates uncovered the high reactivity of the catalyst containing the sterically hindered 2,9-Me<sub>2</sub>phen ligand but accompanying rapid inhibition by hydrogen. With this catalyst, under a flow of nitrogen to remove hydrogen, electron-rich arenes, including those containing sensitive functional groups, undergo silylation in high yield for the first time, and arenes that underwent silylation with prior catalysts react over much shorter times with lower catalyst loadings. The synthetic value of this methodology is demonstrated by the preparation of key intermediates in the synthesis of medicinally important compounds in concise sequences comprising silylation and functionalization. Mechanistic studies demonstrate that the cleavage of the aryl C-H bond is reversible and that the higher rates observed with the 2,9-Me<sub>2</sub>phen ligand is due to a more thermodynamically favorable oxidative addition of aryl C-H bonds.

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