scholarly journals Long-term effects of caesarean delivery on health and behavioural outcomes of the mother and child in Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Nuruzzaman Khan ◽  
Md. Mostafizur Rahman ◽  
Md Aminur Rahman ◽  
Mahmudul Alam ◽  
Md. Alam Khan
Keyword(s):  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Behaviour Problems ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Adverse Health Outcomes ◽  
Mother And Child ◽  
Exposure Variable ◽  
Pain Problem ◽  
Questionnaire Method

AbstractBackgroundIncreasing rate of unnecessary caesarean section (CS) is now reported worldwide that intensified the occurrence of adverse health outcomes for mother-child dyads. We investigated the association of CS with some basic health and behaviour outcomes of the mother-child dyads in Bangladesh.MethodsWe conducted a community based case-control study from May to August 2019. Total of 600 (300 had CS, and 300 had vaginal delivery (VD)) mother-child dyads were interviewed through a structured questionnaire. Method of delivery was the exposure variable classified as CS and VD. The outcome variables were a group of health and behaviour problems of the mothers and their children. A series of binary logistic regression models were carried out to examine the effects of the exposure variable on outcome variables. Mother’s socio-demographic and reproductive characteristics were adjusted in the models.ResultsThe mean maternal age (±SD) and weight were 25.1 (±5.2) years and 53.1 (±7.2) kilogram, respectively. Higher likelihood of headache, after delivery hip pain, problem of daily activities, and breastfeeding problem were reported among mother had CS in their last birth than VD. Children born through the CS were reported a higher likelihood of breathing problem and frequent illness and a lower likelihood of food demand and sleeping.ConclusionThe occurrence of CS increases the risk of health and behaviour problems among mothers and their children. This suggests the need for polices to avoid unnecessary CS and to increase awareness of adverse effects of CS. Frequent health checkup following CS is also important.

scholarly journals Association between multimorbidity patterns and disability among older people covered by long-term care insurance in Shanghai, China

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zijing Wang ◽  
Wenjia Peng ◽  
Mengying Li ◽  
Xinghui Li ◽  
Tingting Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older People ◽  
Functional Disability ◽  
Long Term Care ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Disease Pattern ◽  
Long Term Care Insurance

Abstract Background Functional disability and multimorbidity are common among older people. However, little is known about the relationship between functional disability and different multimorbidity combinations. We aimed to identify multimorbidity patterns and explore the associations between these patterns and functional disability. Methods We investigated a multi-stage random sample of 1871 participants aged ≥60 years and covered by long-term care insurance in Shanghai, China. Multimorbidity was defined as the simultaneous presence of two or more chronic diseases in an individual. Participants completed scales to assess basic and instrumental activities of daily living (BADL and IADL, respectively). Multimorbidity patterns were identified via exploratory factor analysis. Binary logistic regression models were used to determine adjusted associations between functional disability and number and patterns of multimorbidity. Results Multimorbidity was present in 74.3% of participants. The prevalence of BADL disability was 50.7% and that of IADL disability was 90.7%. There was a strong association between multimorbidity and disability. We identified three multimorbidity patterns: musculoskeletal, cardio-metabolic, and mental-degenerative diseases. The cardio-metabolic disease pattern was associated with both BADL (OR 1.28, 95%CI 1.16–1.41) and IADL (OR 1.41, 95%CI 1.19–1.68) disability. The mental-degenerative disease pattern was associated with BADL disability (OR 1.55, 95%CI 1.40–1.72). Conclusions Multimorbidity and functional disability are highly prevalent among older people covered by long-term care insurance in Shanghai, and distinct multimorbidity patterns are differentially associated with functional disability. Appropriate long-term healthcare and prevention strategies for older people may help reduce multimorbidity, maintain functional ability, and improve health-related quality of life.

scholarly journals Companionship by a lay labour supporter to modify the clinical birth environment: long-term effects on mother and child

Curationis ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
V.C. Nikodem ◽  
A.G.W. Nolte ◽  
W. Wolman ◽  
A.M. Gülmezoglu ◽  
G.J. Hofmeyr
Keyword(s):  
Stressful Life Event ◽  
Stressful Life ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Life Event ◽  
Mother And Child ◽  
Emotional Changes ◽  
Birth Environment

The birth of a child and adaptation to motherhood is generally accepted to be a stressful life event. During this time women may experience significant physiological, phycological and emotional changes in their lives.

scholarly journals Long-Term Effects of the Treatment of Depressive Female Inpatients in a Naturalistic Study: Is Early Improvement a Valid Predictor of Outcome?

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Elian Zuercher-Huerlimann ◽  
Martin grosse Holtforth ◽  
Ernst Hermann
Keyword(s):  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Inpatient Setting ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Term Outcome ◽  
Long Term Outcome ◽  
Early Improvement ◽  
Valid Predictor ◽  
Short And Long Term

Objectives.To examine the predictive value of early improvement for short- and long-term outcome in the treatment of depressive female inpatients and to explore the influence of comorbid disorders (CD).Methods.Archival data of a naturalistic sample of 277 female inpatients diagnosed with a depressive disorder was analyzed assessing the BDI at baseline, after 20 days and 30 days, posttreatment, and after 3 to 6 months at follow-up. Early improvement, defined as a decrease in the BDI score of at least 30% after 20 and after 30 days, and CD were analyzed using binary logistic regression.Results.Both early improvement definitions were predictive of remission at posttreatment. Early improvement after 30 days showed a sustained treatment effect in the follow-up phase, whereas early improvement after 20 days failed to show a persistent effect regarding remission at follow-up. CD were not significantly related neither at posttreatment nor at follow-up. At no time point CD moderated the prediction by early improvement.Conclusions.We show that early improvement is a valid predictor for short-term remission and at follow-up in an inpatient setting. CD did not predict outcome. Further studies are needed to identify patient subgroups amenable to more tailored treatments.

scholarly journals Epigenetic Changes in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (14) ◽  
pp. 7649
Author(s):  
Dominik Franciszek Dłuski ◽  
Ewa Wolińska ◽  
Maciej Skrzypczak
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Methylation Status ◽  
Epigenetic Changes ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Adverse Health Outcomes ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy ◽  
First Time

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is defined as carbohydrate intolerance that appears or is for the first time diagnosed during pregnancy. It can lead to many complications in the mother and in the offspring, so diagnostics and management of GDM are important to avoid adverse pregnancy outcomes. Epigenetic studies revealed the different methylation status of genes in pregnancies with GDM compared to pregnancies without GDM. A growing body of evidence shows that the GDM can affect not only the course of the pregnancy, but also the development of the offspring, thus contributing to long-term effects and adverse health outcomes of the progeny. Epigenetic changes occur through histone modification, DNA methylation, and disrupted function of non-coding ribonucleic acid (ncRNA) including microRNAs (miRNAs). In this review, we focus on the recent knowledge about epigenetic changes in GDM. The analysis of this topic may help us to understand pathophysiological mechanisms in GDM and find a solution to prevent their consequences.

scholarly journals PREDICTION OF LONG-TERM EFFECTS OF POLYARTICULAR VARIANT OF JUVENILE IDIOPATHIC ARTHRITIS

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 28-37
Author(s):  
M.B. Dzhus ◽  
T.V. Marushko ◽  
H.V. Mostbauer ◽  
О.І. Ivashkivsky ◽  
I.V. Kurylchyk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Prognostic Model ◽  
Surgical Intervention ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Response To Therapy ◽  
Adult Patients ◽  
Long Term Effects

Relevance. It is known that the poly-articular variant of JIA is associated with significant articular and extra-articular damages with predominant lesions of small and medium joints with limitation of their function and the development of ankylosis, requiring surgical intervention in these patients. Objective. The aim of the study was to evaluate the risk factors of articular and extra-articular damages in adults with the poly-articular variant of the JIA and to work out a prognostic model for their development. Materials and methods. The study included 45 adult patients with poly-articular (RF+ and RF-) variant of the JIA. Retrospective analysis of medical records of patients with poly-articular variant of JIA was made, taking into account clinical manifestations in the onset of the disease, laboratory parameters and response to therapy. In adulthood, the integral index of articular (JADI-A) and extra-articular (JADI-E) damages was used to assess the long-term effects of JIA. Results. Unfavorable prognostic factors were revealed by method of binary logistic regression. Mathematical model for predicting the probability of long-term negative articular and extra-articular damages of poly-articular JIA was developed. Conclusions 1. The risk factors for the development of articular and extra-articular damages in adulthood in patients with a poly-articular variant of the JIA are female sex, the presence of lymphadenopathy and/or splenomegaly in childhood, the level of ESR during treatment in childhood, the activity of JADAS in childhood, the presence of symmetric arthritis in childhood, the RF positivity in the debut of the disease, the treatment with glucocorticoids, the cumulative dose of the DMARDs, and lack of therapy by DMARDs. 2. A prognostic model for the development of articular and extra-articular damages in adult patients with a poly-articular variant of the JIA is developed. This model is effective and allows determine the adverse course of the disease and can be the basis for personalized treatment for the prevention of the development of significant articular and extra-articular damages of JIA.

scholarly journals Smallholders’ Oil Palm Agroforestry: Barriers and Factors Influencing Adoption

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-81
Author(s):  
Ari Susanti ◽  
Hero Marhaento ◽  
Dwiko Budi Permadi ◽  
Budiadi Budiadi ◽  
Muhammad Ali Imron ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil Palm ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Commodity Price ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Limited Scale ◽  
Climate Events

Oil palm has become an important export commodity for Indonesia and has been cultivated by both smallholders and large scale companies mainly as monoculture plantations. Research suggests that this massive monoculture practice has led to adverse impacts on natural and social systems. Smallholders encounter difficulties to cope with extreme climate events such as long dry seasons, fluctuating commodity price and long-term tenure insecurity. We argue that oil palm agroforestry (OPAF) could become a promising and realistic alternative to deal with these problems under social forestry (SF) program. To date, OPAF has been adopted by merely small number of smallholders in Indonesia in a limited scale. This article aims at analysing the barriers and factors which influence the decision of smallholders in adopting OPAF. We employ a hybrid method which combines qualitative and quantitative analysis. Binary logistic regression models were constructed to identify factors influencing OPAF adoption. Our findings suggest that education, having side job and relative location of smallholders’ have significantly influenced smallholders’ decision in adopting OPAF. Knowledge gaps especially on the yields and management of OPAF have likely led to low OPAF adoption.  

Abstract 17373: The Association of Professional American-Style Football Career Length With Left Ventricular Geometry in Retired National Football League Players

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (Suppl_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Genevieve Smith ◽  
Camilo Fernandez ◽  
Gregory W Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Athletic Training ◽  
National Football League ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Left Ventricular Geometry ◽  
Professional Football ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Career Length

Introduction: There is widespread interest in the long-term cardiovascular (CV) implications of professional football. Studies have suggested that retired National Football League (NFL) players have a high prevalence of hypertension, which may increase risk for left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH). However, it is unknown if football-specific factors, such as professional football career length (NFLYrs), are associated with long-term CV outcomes, including changes in left ventricle (LV) geometry. Thus, we examined the association of NFLYrs with LV geometry patterns in a retired NFL player cohort. Methods: We analyzed data on 1349 retired NFL players (aged 53.1 ± 12.8 years, 55.1% African-American) that underwent comprehensive health screening with the NFL Player Care Foundation. Echocardiography was used to estimate LV mass, which was then indexed to height 2.7 . Relative wall thickness was computed to classify LV geometry patterns into normal, concentric remodeling (CR), eccentric hypertrophy (EH), and concentric hypertrophy (CH). Three binary logistic regression models (Model 1: CR; Model 2: EH; Model 3: CH), using normal geometry as reference, were fitted to assess the association of NFLYrs with each LV geometry pattern, adjusting for traditional cardiometabolic risk factors. Results: Increasing NFLYrs was independently associated with CR (odds ratio [OR]: 1.48, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.03 – 2.11, p = 0.0334), while no associations were observed with EH (OR: 0.49, 95% CI 0.22 – 1.09, p = 0.0801) or CH (OR: 1.04, 95% CI 0.61 – 1.77, p 0.8927). Mean arterial pressure was independently associated with increased odds of CR (OR: 1.03, 95% CI 1.01 – 1.05, p – 0.0017), EH (OR: 1.06, 95% CI 1.02 – 1.09, p = 0.0013), and CH (OR: 1.06, 95% CI 1.04 -1.09, p < 0.0001). Conclusion: NFL career length is not associated with increased odds for EH and CH later in life. In contrast, increased NFLYrs is associated with CR, likely an adaptive response to intense athletic training. Cardiovascular risk factors such as high blood pressure in the retirement period appear to be more important for long-term LVH risk in NFL athletes, underscoring the need for preventive initiatives aimed at decreasing risk for future CV outcomes in athletes transitioning out of professional sports.

scholarly journals Long-term effects of malnutrition on severity of COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alec Kurtz ◽  
Kenneth Grant ◽  
Rachel Marano ◽  
Antonio Arrieta ◽  
Kenneth Grant ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vital Signs ◽  
The United States ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Random Intercept ◽  
Long Term Effect ◽  
History Of ◽  
Log Odds

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic is a public health crisis that has the potential to exacerbate worldwide malnutrition. This study examines whether patients with a history of malnutrition are predisposed to severe COVID-19. To do so, data on 103,099 COVID-19 inpatient encounters from 56 hospitals in the United States between March 2020 and June 2020 were retrieved from the Cerner COVID-19 Dataset. Patients with a history of malnutrition between 2015 and 2019 were identified, and a random intercept logistic regression models for pediatric and adult patients were built controlling for patient demographics, socioeconomic status, admission vital signs, and related comorbidities. Statistical interactions between malnutrition and patient age were significant in both the pediatric [log-odds and 95% confidence interval: 0.094 (0.012, 0.175)] and adult [− 0.014 (− 0.021, − 0.006] models. These interactions, together with the main effect terms of malnutrition and age, imply higher odds for severe COVID-19 for children between 6 and 17 years with history of malnutrition. Even higher odds of severe COVID-19 exist for adults (with history of malnutrition) between 18 and 79 years. These results indicate that the long-term effect of malnutrition predisposes patients to severe COVID-19 in an age-dependent way.

Is Exposure to Violence a Persistent Risk Factor for Offending across the Life Course? Examining the Contemporaneous, Acute, Enduring, and Long-term Consequences of Exposure to Violence on Property Crime, Violent Offending, and Substance Use

2018 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 728-765 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chelsea Farrell ◽  
Gregory M. Zimmerman
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Property Crime ◽  
Exposure To Violence ◽  
Adult Health ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Violent Offending ◽  
Over Time

Objectives: To examine the contemporaneous (cross-sectional), acute (1 year), enduring (5–7 years), and long-term (12–13 years) effects of exposure to violence on offending behaviors. Methods: We analyze four waves of data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health ( N = 7,706). Exposure to violence captures direct (interpersonal victimization and violent threats) and indirect (witnessing violence) experiences with violence. Outcome measures include property crime, violent offending, and substance use. A series of logistic regression models examine the acute, enduring, and long-term effects of exposure to violence on the offending outcomes at each study wave, controlling for exposure to violence, lagged dependent variables, and baseline covariates at all previous waves. Results: The effects of exposure to violence on violent offending persist over time, with effects attenuating over time. However, exposure to violence only has contemporaneous and acute effects on property crime and drug use. Conclusions: Long-term effects of exposure to violence on violent offending are not an artifact of confounding with more recent experiences with violence. Both distal and proximate effects of exposure to violence should be addressed in order to adequately disrupt the overlap between exposure to violence and violent offending.

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