scholarly journals Geo-temporal distribution of 1,688 Chinese healthcare workers infected with COVID-19 in severe conditions – a secondary data analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wayne Gao ◽  
Mattia Sanna ◽  
Chi Pang Wen
Keyword(s):  
Disease Severity ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Accurate Estimation ◽  
Fatality Rate ◽  
Quality Healthcare ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Significant Difference

IntroductionThe COVID-19 outbreak is posing an unprecedented challenge to healthcare workers. This study analyzes the geo-temporal effects on disease severity for the 1,688 Chinese healthcare workers infected with COVID-19.MethodUsing the descriptive results recently reported by the Chinese CDC, we compare the percentage of infected healthcare workers in severe conditions over time and across three areas in China, and the fatality rate of infected healthcare workers with all the infected individuals in China aged 22-59 years.ResultsAmong the infected Chinese healthcare workers whose symptoms onset appeared during the same ten-day period, the percentage of those in severe conditions decreased statistical significantly from 19.7% (Jan 11 – 20) to 14.4% (Jan 21 – 31) to 8.7% (Feb 1 – 11). Across the country, there was also a significant difference in the disease severity among patients symptoms onset during the same period, with Wuhan being the most severe (17%), followed by Hubei Province (10.4%), and the rest of China (7.0%). The case fatality rate for the 1,688 infected Chinese healthcare workers was significantly lower than that for the 29,798 infected patients aged 20-59 years—0.3% (5/1,688) vs. 0.65% (193/29,798), respectively.ConclusionThe disease severity improved considerably over a short period of time in China. The more severe conditions in Wuhan compared to the rest of the country may be attributable to the draconian lockdown. The clinical outcomes of infected Chinese healthcare workers may represent a more accurate estimation of the severity of COVID-19 for those who have access to quality healthcare.

scholarly journals Factors influencing COVID-19 case burden and fatality rates findings from secondary data analysis of major urban agglomerations in India

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 3284
Author(s):  
Deodatt M. Suryawanshi ◽  
Raghuram Venugopal ◽  
Ramchandra Goyal
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Case Fatality Rate ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Health Financing ◽  
Secondary Data Analysis ◽  
Fatality Rate ◽  
Health Index ◽  
Significant Difference

In December 2019, SARS COV-2 which originated in the Chinese city of Wuhan achieved pandemic proportions and spread rapidly to countries through International air traffic causing acute respiratory infection and deaths. Presence of International airports, demography, health financing and human developments factors were assumed to influence COVID-19 cases burden and case fatality rate (CFR). So, this study was undertaken to find a association between these factors and COVID-19 cases and deaths. The study used 48 districts using purposive sampling as proxy for cities and used secondary data analysis. Data was obtained for various variables like demographic, Health Financing, Indices and Testing infrastructure, COVID cases burden and case fatality from trusted sources. Descriptive statistics correlational statistics using Pearsons coefficient students T was used to describe, correlate and find significant difference in the data. The analysis found a significant difference between COVID cases burden in districts with International Airports (p<0.039) and those without it. Positive correlation of population density (r=0.65) with COVID-19 case burden and negative correlation of case fatality rate with NITI Aayogs health index (r=-0.12), human development index (HDI) (r=-0.18), per-capita expenditure on health (r=-0.072) and a correlation of r=0.16 was observed for gross state domestic product. Decongestion of cities through perspective urban planning is the need of the hour. Stricter quarantine measures in those districts with international airports can help reduce the transmission. Negative correlation of HDI and NITI Aayogs health index with CFR emphasizes the importance of improvements in social determinants of health.

Phylogenetic group and serotype of E. coli isolates are important risk factors affecting intensity of colibacillosis in broilers

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Kumar ◽  
R. Gupta ◽  
N. Jindal and Y.C. Bangar
Keyword(s):  
Case Fatality Rate ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Phylogenetic Group ◽  
Fatality Rate ◽  
Phylogenetic Groups ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Class 1

The study was conducted on 106 E. coli isolates to determine the phylogenetic group, serotype and carriage of Class 1 integrons in isolates and ascertain their association along with other parameters with vital disease measures in broiler flocks affected with colibacillosis. Out of 32 isolates of which “O” antigen was characterized, serogroup O2 comprising of 12 (37.5%) isolates was most prevalent in the present study. Most of the isolates (85/106; 80.19%) belonged to phylogenetic group B2. Mean apparent morbidity, mortality and case fatality rate (CFR) were 3.77%, 2.32% and 61.49%, respectively. There was significant difference in number of outbreaks reported in different age groups (p less than 0.0001). Also, there was significant association between phylogenetic group and age of outbreak due to E. coli (p=0.024). Comparatively, no significant association was observed between age of outbreaks and serotypes (p=0.980). There was significant association between various disease measures and E. coli isolates affiliated to various phylogenetic groups and serotypes. All the measures (apparent morbidity, mortality and CFR) of disease were highest in outbreaks due to isolates of phylogenetic group B2 and serogroup O20. However, the measures were not significantly affected by the presence of integrons in the E. coli.

scholarly journals Marriage Related Suicide Fatality Rates

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Akbarizadeh ◽  
Abdollah Hajivandi ◽  
Mohammad Hajivandi ◽  
Mohammad Sina Zeidabadinejad
Keyword(s):  
Marital Status ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Gulf Coast ◽  
Coastal Region ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Fatality Rate ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Persian Gulf ◽  
Southwest Of Iran ◽  
Psychiatric Complications

Objective: The present study aimed at estimating the case fatality rates of suicide acts in different marital status subgroups and to find interrelation with a population living in Bushehr province along the coastal region of the Persian Gulf coast in southwest of Iran. Method: In this analytical and observational study, suicidal data were gathered in 5 successive years (2008–2012) in the population of Bushehr. Data were extracted from suicide registration forms provided by the Psychiatric Health Unit of Ministry of Health. Questions mainly focused on demographic characteristics, including age, sex, literacy, residency, marital status, birth rank, the number of previous suicide attempts, and probable reasons of suicide, such as family conflicts or/and psychiatric complications. Fatality rates in different subgroups (male/female; married/unmarried; etc.) were compared and odds ratios were computed. The main limitation of this study was the lack of a specific grouping for those who cohabited together (Those who live together and have a sexual relationship without being married). The logistic regression model was used in data analysis. Results: Case mortality rates of suicides were found to be 3.5% for both sexes, 5.2% in males and 2.7% in females. However, among the single population, either divorced or widowed, the probability of death due to suicide was 3.5 times higher (95% CI: 1.5–2.9) as compared to the unmarried. Age as a confounding factor in fatality rates made a significant difference between married and unmarried people, and differences disappeared after adjusting for age. However, fatality rate was still higher in the widowed /divorced group compared to other groups even after adjusting for age. Conclusion: Fatality rate was higher in married people compared to the unmarried, however, after adjusting for age as a determinant factor, no significant difference was observed between the 2 groups. The highest death rate belonged to the age-specific widowed /divorced individuals as compared to all other marital status subgroups.

scholarly journals Protection offered by COVID-19 vaccines in reducing SARS-CoV-2 infection frequency; severity and mortality, among Indian Healthcare Workers: Multicenter, pan-Fortis study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Subrat Acharya ◽  
Gaurav Mahindra ◽  
Purushottam Nirala ◽  
Sulabh Tripathi ◽  
Bishnu Panigrahi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Case Fatality Rate ◽  
Population Control ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Infection Frequency ◽  
Fatality Rate ◽  
Indian States ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract During COVID-19 pandemic, Healthcare Workers (HCWs) were at increased risk for exposure to SARS-CoV-2 virus and prioritized for early administration of COVID-19 vaccines in India. Real-life scenario information among vaccinated HCWs acquiring COVID-19 infection, is scarce. We retrospectively analyzed COVID-19 infection frequency, severity, and associated mortality among healthcare workers, immunized with either Covishield or Covaxin vaccines at 27 Fortis Hospitals across 11 Indian states. Positive cases were identified based on RT-PCR or rapid antigen tests for SARS-CoV-2 between 16th January 2021 till 15th May 2021. 20034 HCWs received vaccination. 3971 received 1 dose, 16063 received 2 doses. Post-vaccination, 1139 HCWs acquired COVID-19 infection, 180 (4.53%) and 959 (5.97%) among partially and fully vaccinated category, respectively. Breakthrough infection occurred among 913 (5.68%) HCWs. Concurrently, Case Positivity Rate was 11.9%, among general population (control). Among 1139 positive cases, mild, moderate, and severe infections were 1059 (93%), 71 (6.2%) and 9 (0.8%), respectively with Case Fatality Rate of 0.18%, compared to 0.92% among general population (p=0.0043). The Case Fatality Rate in vaccinated HCWs was found to be 80% less than that in general population (control). Hence, COVID-19 vaccines available in India seem to be effective against SARS-CoV-2 virus.

scholarly journals Protection offered by COVID-19 vaccines in reducing SARS-CoV-2 infection frequency; severity and mortality, among Indian Healthcare Workers: Multicenter, pan-Fortis study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Subrat Acharya ◽  
Gaurav Mahindra
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Case Fatality Rate ◽  
Population Control ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Infection Frequency ◽  
Fatality Rate ◽  
Indian States ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract During COVID-19 pandemic, Healthcare Workers (HCWs) were at increased risk for exposure to SARS-CoV-2 virus and prioritized for early administration of COVID-19 vaccines in India. Real-life scenario information among vaccinated HCWs acquiring COVID-19 infection, is scarce. We retrospectively analyzed COVID-19 infection frequency, severity, and associated mortality among healthcare workers, immunized with either Covishield or Covaxin vaccines at 27 Fortis Hospitals across 11 Indian states. Positive cases were identified based on RT-PCR or rapid antigen tests for SARS-CoV-2 between 16th January 2021 till 15th May 2021. 20034 HCWs received vaccination. 3971 received 1 dose, 16063 received 2 doses. Post-vaccination, 1139 HCWs acquired COVID-19 infection, 180 (4.53%) and 959 (5.97%) among partially and fully vaccinated category, respectively. Breakthrough infection occurred among 913 (5.68%) HCWs. Concurrently, Case Positivity Rate was 11.9%, among general population (control). Among 1139 positive cases, mild, moderate, and severe infections were 1059 (93%), 71 (6.2%) and 9 (0.8%), respectively with Case Fatality Rate of 0.18%, compared to 0.92% among general population (p=0.0043). The Case Fatality Rate in vaccinated HCWs was found to be 80% less than that in general population (control). Hence, COVID-19 vaccines available in India seem to be effective against SARS-CoV-2 virus.

scholarly journals Covid-19 High Attack Rate Can Lead to High Case Fatality Rate

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tareef Fadhil Raham
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Attack Rate ◽  
Case Fatality Rate ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
P Value ◽  
Fatality Rate ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Paired Samples ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: During the current Covid-19 pandemic case fatality rate (CFR) estimates were subjected to a lot of debates regarding the accuracy of its estimations, predictions, and the reason of across countries variances. In this context, we conduct this study to see the relationship between attack rate (AR) and CFR. The study hypothesis is based on two: 1- evidence suggests that the mortality rate (MR) has a positive influence on case fatality ratio (CFR), 2- and increase number of Covid-19 cases leads to increased mortality rate (MR). Material and methods: Thirty countries and territories were chosen. Inclusion criterion was > 500 Covid-19 reported cases per 10,000 population inhabitants. Data on covid-19 cases and deaths was selected as it was on March 10, 2021. Statistical methods used are descriptive and one-sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov (K-S), the one-way ANOVA, Levene, least significant different (LSD), and matched paired-samples T-tests. Results: ANOVA test showed a significant difference at P<0.01 among all studied groups concerning AR and CFR mean values. Group of countries with MR ≥ 15 death / 104 inhabitants recorded the highest level of crude mean CFR and AR values, and recorded the highest gap with leftover groups, especially with countries reported MR of <10 death/ 104 inhabitants. There were independence 95% confidence intervals of mean CFR and AR values between countries with ≥ 15 death / 104 MR and countries with MR of <10 death /104. There was a significant difference between countries with MR ≥ 15 death / 104 inhabitants and countries with MR of <10 death / 10 4 inhabitants groups through least significant difference (LSD) test for CFR%( 0.042 p-values) and Games Howell (GH) test for AR/104 (p-value 0.000). Conclusions: CFR has a positive significant association with AR.

scholarly journals Geographical and temporal distribution of SARS-CoV-2 globally: An attempt to correlate case fatality rate with the circulating dominant SARS-CoV-2 clades

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rakesh Sarkar ◽  
Mamta Chawla-Sarkar ◽  
Swagata Majumdar ◽  
Mahadeb Lo ◽  
Shiladitya Chattopadhyay
Keyword(s):  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Case Fatality Rate ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Fatality Rate ◽  
Temporal And Spatial Distribution ◽  
Pathogenic Potential ◽  
Large Scale Dataset ◽  
Temporal And Spatial

Uncontrolled high transmission is driving the continuous evolution of SARS-CoV-2, leading to the nonstop emergence of the new variants with varying sensitivity to the neutralizing antibodies and vaccines. We have analysed of 8,82,740 SARS-CoV-2 genome sequences, collected and sequenced during late December 2019 to 25 March 2021 from all across the world. The findings revealed differences in temporal and spatial distribution, and predominance of various clades/variants among six different continents.We found no clear association between the pathogenic potential of the various clades by comparing the case fatality rate (CFR) of 170 countries with the predominant SARS-CoV-2 clades in those countries, demonstrating the insignificance of the clade specific mutations on case fatality. Overall, relying on a large-scale dataset, this study illustrated the time-based evolution and prevalence of various clades /variants among different geographic regions. The study may help in designing continent specific vaccines in the future.

scholarly journals Infection and mortality of healthcare workers worldwide from COVID-19: a scoping review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soham Bandyopadhyay ◽  
Ronnie E Baticulon ◽  
Murtaza Kadhum ◽  
Muath Alser ◽  
Daniel K Ojuka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Case Fatality Rate ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
The United States ◽  
Global Perspective ◽  
World Population ◽  
Fatality Rate ◽  
Specific Data

AbstractObjectivesTo estimate COVID-19 infections and deaths in healthcare workers (HCWs) from a global perspective.DesignScoping review.MethodsTwo parallel searches of academic bibliographic databases and grey literature were undertaken. Governments were also contacted for further information where possible. Due to the time-sensitive nature of the review and the need to report the most up-to-date information for an ever-evolving situation, there were no restrictions on language, information sources utilised, publication status, and types of sources of evidence. The AACODS checklist was used to appraise each source of evidence.Outcome measuresPublication characteristics, country-specific data points, COVID-19 specific data, demographics of affected HCWs, and public health measures employedResultsA total of 152,888 infections and 1413 deaths were reported. Infections were mainly in women (71.6%) and nurses (38.6%), but deaths were mainly in men (70.8%) and doctors (51.4%). Limited data suggested that general practitioners and mental health nurses were the highest risk specialities for deaths. There were 37.17 deaths reported per 100 infections for healthcare workers aged over 70. Europe had the highest absolute numbers of reported infections (119628) and deaths (712), but the Eastern Mediterranean region had the highest number of reported deaths per 100 infections (5.7).ConclusionsHCW COVID-19 infections and deaths follow that of the general world population. The reasons for gender and speciality differences require further exploration, as do the low rates reported from Africa and India. Although physicians working in certain specialities may be considered high-risk due to exposure to oronasal secretions, the risk to other specialities must not be underestimated. Elderly HCWs may require assigning to less risky settings such as telemedicine, or administrative positions. Our pragmatic approach provides general trends, and highlights the need for universal guidelines for testing and reporting of infections in HCWs.Summary BoxWhat is already known on this topicIn China, studies documented over 3,300 confirmed cases of infected healthcare workers in early March. In the United States, as high as 19% of patients had been identified as healthcare workers. There are no studies that perform a global examination of COVID-19 infections and deaths in the health workforce.What this study addsTo our knowledge, this is the first study assessing the number of healthcare workers who have been infected with or died from COVID-19 globally. The data from our study suggest that although infections were mainly in women and nurses, COVID-19 related deaths were mainly in men and doctors; in addition, our study found that Europe had the highest numbers of infection and death, but the lowest case-fatality-rate, while the Eastern Mediterranean had the highest case-fatality-rate.

scholarly journals Morbidity, mortality and case fatality rate from chronic hepatitis B with and without a delta agent in Kyrgyzstan for the period 2010–2017

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (10) ◽  
pp. 39-44
Author(s):  
K. A. Nogoibaeva ◽  
S. T. Tobokalova ◽  
K. T. Kasymbekova ◽  
S. I. Umarova
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Viral Hepatitis ◽  
Case Fatality Rate ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Chronic Viral Hepatitis ◽  
Fatality Rate ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Viral Hepatitis B ◽  
Microsoft Office

The purpose of the study is to research the morbidity, mortality and case fatality rate y of chronic viral hepatitis B without and with a delta agent from 2010–2017. in Kyrgyzstan.Materials and methods: analyzed state reporting forms No. 12 “Report on morbidity and preventive work (family medicine center, dispensary)” and “C51 — Distribution of deaths by sex, age groups and causes of death” from 2010–2017. Data processed by Microsoft Office Excel.Results: In the country from 2010–2017 3292 cases of chronic viral hepatitis B were detected, 1738 patients of them verified an independent course (СhHBV), and 1,554 patients combined with a delta agent (СhHDV), while the incidence did not have a statistically significant difference (3.80/0000, 95% CI 2.4–4.0 and 3.40/0000, 95% CI 2.2–3.4, СhHBV and СhHDV, respectively) were 20 times lower compared to the HBV Carrier (60 40/0000). There was no statistically significant difference between the cumulative morbidity, mortality, case fatality rate and the proportion of deaths in СhHBV and СhHDV. The death rate СhHBV increased by 4.7 times (0.090/0000 and 0.410/0000), case fatality rate — by 11.8 times (1355.00/0000 and 16025.60/0000) amid a decrease the incidence is 2.5 times (6.40/0000 and 2.50/0000) from 2014 to 2017, respectively. At СhHDV, the mortality rate was also increased by 4.7 times (0.030/0000 and 0.160/0000), case fatality rate — by 32.3 times (793.70/0000 and 25641.80/0000) against the background of a decrease in incidence by 6.9 times (4.40/0000 and 0.60/0000) from 2014 to 2017, respectively.Conclusion: In Kyrgyzstan from 2010–2017, relatively low detectability of chronic forms of HBV infection with and without delta agent was found, compared with the “HBV carrier”. There has been an increase in mortality and case fatality rate over the past 4 years, with a sharp rise in 2017 against the background of a downward trend in the incidence of СhHBV and СhHDV.

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