scholarly journals A clinical and biological framework on the role of visceral fat tissue and leptin in SARS-CoV-2 infection related respiratory failure

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter HJ van der Voort ◽  
Jill Moser ◽  
Durk F Zandstra ◽  
Anneke C Muller Kobold ◽  
Marjolein Knoester ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Failure ◽  
Visceral Fat ◽  
Pulmonary Inflammation ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Fat Tissue ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Leptin Receptors ◽  
Clinical Observations ◽  
The Mean

AbstractObesity is a risk factor for SARS-CoV-2 infected patients to develop respiratory failure. Leptin produced in visceral fat might play a role in the deterioration to mechanical ventilation. A cross sectional study was performed. The mean BMI was 31 kg/m2 (range 24.8 – 48.4) for the 31 SARS-CoV-2 ventilated patients and 26 kg/m2 (range 22.4-33.5) for the 8 controls. SARS-CoV-2 infected patients with a similar BMI as control patients appear to have significantly higher levels of serum leptin. The mean leptin level was 21.2 (6.0-85.2) vs 5.6 (2.4-8.2) ug/L for SARS-CoV-2 and controls respectively (p=0.0007). With these findings we designed a clinical and biological framework that explains clinical observations. The ACE2 utilization by the virus leads to local pulmonary inflammation due to ACE2-ATII disbalance. This is enhanced by an increase in leptin production induced by SARS-CoV-2 infection of visceral fat. Leptin receptors in the lungs are now more activated to enhance local pulmonary inflammation. This adds to the pre-existent chronic inflammation in obese patients. Visceral fat, lung tissue and leptin production play an interconnecting role. This insight can lead the way to further research and treatment.

scholarly journals Leptin levels in SARS-CoV-2 infection related respiratory failure: A cross-sectional study and a pathophysiological framework on the role of fat tissue

Heliyon ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. e04696 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter H.J. van der Voort ◽  
Jill Moser ◽  
Durk F. Zandstra ◽  
Anneke C. Muller Kobold ◽  
Marjolein Knoester ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Failure ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Fat Tissue ◽  
Cross Sectional

scholarly journals Unplanned Absenteeism: The Role of Workplace and Non-Workplace Stressors

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (17) ◽  
pp. 6132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nur Adibah Mat Saruan ◽  
Hanizah Mohd Yusoff ◽  
Mohd Fadhli Mohd Fauzi ◽  
Sharifa Ezat Wan Puteh ◽  
Rosnawati Muhamad Robat
Keyword(s):  
Work Performance ◽  
Longitudinal Design ◽  
Death And Dying ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Staff Support ◽  
Workplace Stressors ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
The Mean

Unplanned absenteeism (UA), which includes medically certified leave (MC) or emergency leave (EL), among nurses may disturb the work performance of their team and disrupt the quality of patient care. Currently, there is limited study in Malaysia that examines the role of stressors in determining absenteeism among nurses. Therefore, apart from estimating the prevalence and the reasons of UA among nurses in Malaysia, this study aims to determine its stressor-related determinants. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 697 randomly sampled nurses working in Selangor, Malaysia. Most of them were female (97.3%), married (83.4%), and working in shifts (64.4%) in hospital settings (64.3%). In the past year, the prevalence of ever taking MC and EL were 49.1% and 48.4%, respectively. The mean frequency of MC and EL were 1.80 (SD = 1.593) and 1.92 (SD = 1.272) times, respectively. Meanwhile, the mean duration of MC and EL were 4.24 (SD = 10.355) and 2.39 (SD = 1.966) days, respectively. The most common reason for MC and EL was unspecified fever (39.2%) and child sickness (51.9%), respectively. The stressor-related determinants of durations of MC were inadequate preparation at the workplace (Adj.b = −1.065) and conflict with doctors (adjusted regression coefficient (Adj.b) = 0.491). On the other hand, the stressor-related determinants of durations of EL were conflict with spouse (Adj.b = 0.536), sexual conflict (Adj.b = −0.435), no babysitter (Adj.b = 0.440), inadequate preparation at workplace (Adj.b = 0.257), lack of staff support (Adj.b = −0.190) and conflict with doctors (Adj.b = −0.112). The stressor-related determinants of the frequency of MC were conflicts over household tasks (Adj.b = −0.261), no time with family (Adj.b = 0.257), dangerous surroundings (Adj.b = 0.734), conflict with close friends (Adj.b = −0.467), and death and dying (Adj.b = 0.051). In contrast, the stressor-related determinants of frequency of EL were not enough money (Adj.b = −0.334), conflicts with spouse (Adj.b = 0.383), pressure from relatives (Adj.b = 0.207), and inadequate preparation (Adj.b = 0.090). In conclusion, apart from the considerably high prevalence of unplanned absenteeism and its varying frequency, duration and reasons, there is no clear distinction in the role between workplace and non-workplace stressors in determining MC or EL among nurses in Malaysia; thus, preventive measures that target both type of stressors are warranted. Future studies should consider longitudinal design and mixed-method approaches using a comprehensive model of absenteeism.

scholarly journals Diet and Women Fertility: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 82-88
Author(s):  
Ruaa E Alabd ◽  
Kefah H Abdulmajeed ◽  
Hayder G Oufi
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Infertile Women ◽  
Group I ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Infertile Group

ABSTRACT Aims This work was designed to assess the role of diet and dietary habits on women fertility. Materials and methods This study was carried out in seven different centers and hospitals in Baghdad in the period between January and September 2014. Participants were 400 adult women selected conveniently; their age ranged from 17 to 47 years and they were divided into two groups. Group I included 300 fertile women and group II included 100 infertile women. A specific questionnaire had been designed and used for data collection Results It was found that there was a significant difference in weight and body mass index (BMI) between the infertile group and control group. The mean of weights was 73.07 vs 69.06 kg for infertile and the control group respectively, while the mean BMI was 28.83 vs 26.70 for the infertile group and the control group respectively. Moreover, the infertile women consumed more of carbonated beverages, tea, chicken, and fish than the control group, while they consumed less milk and red meat than the control group. Also, the infertile group consumed less corn oil and olive oil than the control group (5 and 0% vs 21 and 2%) respectively, while they used to consume more solid fat and combined fat than the control group (2 and 6% vs 0 and 2.7%) respectively. Conclusion Although treatment options for infertility are available, their high cost and frequency of adverse events have motivated the identification of dietary factors related to infertility. The current study identified diet as one of the modifiable risk factors that potentially impacts fertility in the selected groups; hence, it is important to focus more on the role of diet in women fertility and increase the awareness of women to it, along with suggesting more educational programs at the primary health care level. How to cite this article Alabd RE, Abdulmajeed KH, Oufi HG. Diet and Women Fertility: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study. Int J Infertil Fetal Med 2016;7(3):82-88.

scholarly journals Role of Common Addictive Habits on Hypovitaminosis D among Bangladeshi People

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-92
Author(s):  
AHM Habibur Rahman ◽  
Md Emdadul Haque ◽  
Lubna Naznin ◽  
Nasir Uddin Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Hypovitaminosis D ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Nutritional Disorder ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Effective Measure ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Medicine Today

Introduction: Hypovitaminosis D is a silent but very devastating health issue throughout the world. Some common addictive habits in our country play important role on the issue. The objective of this study was to determine the role of common addictive habits on hypovitaminosis D among the clients attending specialized hospitals. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 264 respondents attended Armed Forces Institute of Pathology (AFIP), Dhaka Cantonment for estimation of 25(OH) D within the period of July 2017 to June 2018. Data were collected by face-to-face interview, reviewing with Vitamin D level of the participants from laboratory with the help of a semi-structured questionnaire and checklist respectively. Data were checked, and analyzed with the help of SPSS version 23. Results: Among the respondents, majority (68.56%) were female. The mean ±SD age of the respondents was 48.23 ± 14.05 years. The mean± SD level of 25(OH)D was 50.01± 29.93 nmol/L. Among the males, it was 50.86±28.61 nmo/L and 49.60±26.19 nmol/L among the female. The proportion hypovitaminosis D was 84.84% and a mare difference was found among male and female respondents (84.5% and 85.5% respectively. Smokers (43.88±13.01 nmol/L) were found with lower level of vitamin D than non-smokers (50.88±28.08 nmol/L) (p<0.05).The respondents having habit of chewing betel nut showed lowerlevel of 25 (OH) D than those does not practice that (51.63±18.07 Vs 46.12±13.01 mmol/L). Conclusion: The proportion of hypovitaminosis D was too high. Effective measure to be taken at all level to overcome the nutritional disorder. Medicine Today 2019 Vol.31(2): 89-92

scholarly journals PEDIATRIC ABDOMINAL PAIN;

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (03) ◽  
pp. 556-558
Author(s):  
Ejaz Hussain Siddiqui ◽  
Saad Siddiqui ◽  
Romana Ayub ◽  
Noreen Shah
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Pain ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Determine Role ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Ultrasound Findings ◽  
The Mean

Objectives: To assess common presenting features of children with abdominalpain and to determine role of High frequency & Doppler Ultrasound in evaluation of thesepatients. Material and Methods: This is a cross sectional study conducted from August 2012 toDecember 2012. Data from patients presenting for evaluation of abdominal pain was analyzed forpresenting complaints and ultrasound findings according to objectives of the study. Results: Intotal 262 cases were included in the study. The mean age of patients was 6.3 years with a male tofemale ratio of 1.47:1. Dysuria followed by Diarrhoea and vomiting were most commonassociated complaints, Urological pathologies were most common ultrasound findings uponevaluation of patients. Conclusions: Abdominal pain is a frequent presenting feature inpeadiatric population, Urological pathologies were most common examination findings.Ultrasound is a useful and safe modality in evaluation of abdominal pain in children.

scholarly journals The role of interleukin-6 in the early diagnosis of sepsis in premature infants

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehrdad Mirzarahimi ◽  
Manouchehr Barak ◽  
Abdolkarim Eslami ◽  
Afsaneh Enteshari-Moghaddam
Keyword(s):  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Interleukin 6 ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Complete Blood Count ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Normal Value ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
The Mean

Septicemia is one of the major causes of mortality and morbidity in newborns. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of interleukin-6 (IL-6) in the early diagnosis of Sepsis in premature newborns. This cross-sectional study was conducted on preterm infants admitted to NICU of Hospital Buali in Ardabil city, Iran. C-reactive protein (CRP), IL-6 and complete blood count tests have been done in baseline, third and seventh day. Collected data analyzed by one-sample t-test, repeated measures and ANOVA in SPSS.21. The mean of IL-6 in the first and third day after hospitalization was significantly more than normal value. The mean of CRP in the third and seventh day after hospitalization significantly more than normal value. We found that increasing in IL-6 level can occur earlier than CRP and it can be used as a good index in early sepsis diagnosis compare than CRP.

scholarly journals Assessment The Role of Schools in Promoting Public Health Practices in Governmental Schools- Gaza Strip: تقييم دور المدارس في تعزيز ممارسات الصحة العامة في المدارس الحكومية - قطاع غزة

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-58
Author(s):  
Abdallah Naser Nassar, Mohammed Jebreldar Abuanja Nimer, Ahm Abdallah Naser Nassar, Mohammed Jebreldar Abuanja Nimer, Ahm
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Education ◽  
School Health ◽  
Gaza Strip ◽  
Relative Weight ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Health Practices ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Mean

    This study aimed to Assessment the role of schools in promoting public health practices in governmental schools- Gaza strip. This cross- sectional study method was used a methodological triangulation provided a combination between quantitative (self- administrated questionnaire) and qualitative paradigms (focus groups discussion with students and caregivers). The study sample was 170- school health coordinator, from governmental schools, located in directorates of education in North Gaza, West Gaza, Middle area, Khanyounes, and Rafah. Data shows the roles of schools in promoting public health practices. Most of study sample was agree that, there is a role for schools in promoting public health practices in the fourth school health axes. The relative weight of the total axes was 78.90%, and the mean equal 3.94. While the sub- areas was axis, (Nutrition) occupied the first rank with a relative weight reached 81.36%, and the mean equal 4.07. The axis (Hygiene) occupied the second rank with relative weight 79.54%, and the mean equal 3.98. The axis (Health Education) occupied the third rank with relative weight 77.87%, and the mean equal 3.89. The axis (Environment) occupied the last rank with relative weight 77.37%, and the mean equal 3.87. A statistically significance relationship was found between the role of schools in promoting public health practices and gender; there are significant differences in favor of females schools. Moreover the results demonstrated that there is a statistically significance relationship was found between the role of schools in promoting public health practices and the directorate of education; there are significant differences in favor of directorate of education in west Gaza. Study findings highlight the need for more attention in the cleanliness and continuous maintenance of bathrooms in schools, and the study recommended that students needs a food program in school. In addition, environmental clubs in schools should be more activation. Moreover, MEHE should be more attention in training SHC, especially about promoting public health practices. Finally, schools need more health education meetings for students and caregivers.

scholarly journals Comparison of Diagnostic Value of Sonourethrography with Retrograde Urethrography in Diagnosis of Anterior Urethral Stricture

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 335-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reza Shahsavari ◽  
Seyed Morteza Bagheri ◽  
Hamed Iraji
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Urethral Stricture ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Advanced Imaging ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Retrograde Urethrography ◽  
The Mean

BACKGROUND: In spite of the advanced imaging methods, MRI and CT-Scan, the role of ultrasonography is still unique in some fields of genitourinary tract diseases.AIM: This study was aimed at assessing this role in the evaluation of male urinary stricture, and comparison with standard retrograde urethrography (SUG).METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study. The patients include those who were suspected of anterior urethral stricture and were introduced assessed with imaging techniques (RUG). The patient underwent ultrasonography too. The results of both methods were compared. RUG was considered as the gold standard for this comparison.RESULT: Ninety-seven patients were studied. The mean age was 46.9 ± 11.7 years (range 21-88 years), in RUG, 22 patients (22.8%) and SUG 23 patients (23.7%) had a stricture, 3 cases with a stricture in RUG had not evidenced of stenosis in SUG. The mean length of urethral stricture in RUG was 12.9 ± 8.1 mm and in SUG was 8.1 ± 7.3 mm. The estimated length in RUG way was significantly higher than SUG way(P=0.025).The sensitivity and specificity in using of SUG were 86.6% and 94.6%, respectively.CONCLUSION: The result of this study showed stricture length measured by ultrasound is shorter than the length measured by RUG and the sensitivity and specificity in using of SUG was 86.6% and 94.6% respectively that due to the advantages it is an acceptable way.

Role of Colors in Pediatric Dental Practices

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 193-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ketan Bubna ◽  
Sapna Hegde ◽  
Dinesh Rao
Keyword(s):  
Dental Anxiety ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Significant Preference ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dental Practices ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Anxious Group

Objective: This study evaluated the association between colors and emotions in a pediatric dental population. Study design: In this randomized cross-sectional study, 100 children aged 6–12 years were categorized as non-anxious and anxious using Corah's Dental Anxiety Scale–Revised. They were then instructed to color two cartoon faces, one depicting happiness emotion and the other, sadness, with any of six colors provided. Data obtained were statistically analyzed. Results: The mean Corah's Dental Anxiety scores were 11.7 and 4.97 for the anxious and non-anxious children, respectively. Both groups expressed the highest preference for the color yellow for happiness emotion. No significant differences were observed between color choices in either group (p&gt;0.05), except for black which was not chosen by any child for happiness (p&lt;0.005). Children in both groups significantly preferred red for sadness emotion. No significant differences were observed between color choices in the anxious group (p&gt;0.05). In the non-anxious group, yellow assumed significant preference over green (p&lt;0.05). Conclusions: Yellow was the most-preferred color and black, the least-preferred, for happiness emotion, whereas, for sadness emotion, red and green were the most- and least-preferred colors, respectively. Color preference was not affected by the presence of dental anxiety.

scholarly journals The Role of Tumor Necrosis Factor  (TNF ) and Matrix Metalloproteinase9 (MMP9) Serum in Preterm Premature Rupture of Membranes

2017 ◽  
pp. 199
Author(s):  
Ardiles Ardiles ◽  
Desmiwarti Desmiwarti ◽  
Hafni Bachtiar
Keyword(s):  
Serum Levels ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Premature Rupture Of Membranes ◽  
Premature Rupture ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Preterm Premature Rupture ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Necrosis Factor

Objective: To investigate the role of TNF- and MMP-9 serum in preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM). Methods: We used cross-sectional study design. Subjects were all pregnant women with and without PPROM who underwent checkup at Obstetrics and Gynecology Functional Medical Staff General Hospital Dr. M. Djamil and networking hospital. Results: A total of 48 subjects were enrolled in this study. The mean serum levels of TNF- in patients with PPROM 17.43 ng/ml  12.4 ng/ml and without PPROM 8.45 ng/ml  6.86 ng/ml. The mean serum levels of MMP-9 in patients with PPROM 8.77 ng/ml  4.41 ng/ml, and without PPROM 4.46 ng/ml  3.04 ng/ml. Statistical test result p value <0.05, it can be conclude there are differences in the levels of TNF- and MMP-9 serum in premature rupture of membranes and without premature rupture of membranes pregnancy of preterm. Conclusion: There are differences in the levels of TNF- and MMP-9 serum in PPROM and without PPROM.Keywords: MMP-9, premature rupture of membranes, TNF-

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