scholarly journals Microstructural integrity of the major nuclei of the thalamus in Parkinson’s disease

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadia Borlase ◽  
Daniel Myall ◽  
Tracy R. Melzer ◽  
Leslie Livingston ◽  
Richard Watts ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Fractional Anisotropy ◽  
Mean Diffusivity ◽  
Bayesian Regression ◽  
Cognitive Domain ◽  
Cognitive Changes ◽  
Dorsal Nucleus ◽  
Microstructural Integrity ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractBackgroundPrevious research has shown an association between thalamus and cognition in Parkinson’s disease (PD).ObjectivesTo investigate the microstructural integrity of the nuclei of the thalamus and relationship with cognition.MethodsLevel II Movement Disorder Society Task Force Criteria characterised patients with Parkinson’s disease as cognitively normal (PDN, n=51); with mild cognitive impairment (PD-MCI, n=16) or with dementia (PDD, n=15). Twenty-three healthy control subjects were included for comparison. A k-means clustering approach segmented the thalamus into regions representing nine major nuclei. Volume, fractional anisotropy and mean diffusivity of nuclei were compared between cognitive groups and the relationship with cognitive domain z-scores investigated using hierarchical Bayesian regression models.ResultsThere was an overall progressive increase in mean diffusivity as cognition deteriorated (PDN: 1.4 µm2/s (95% uncertainty interval [0.2, 2.7]), PDMCI: 2.4 µm2/s [0.8,4.0], PDD: 4.5 µm2/s [2.8, 6.3]). The largest increase was in the lateral dorsal nucleus (PDN: 0.3 µm2/s [-6.7, 7.2], PDMCI: 5.4 µm2/s [-4.7, 16.1], PDD: 14.8 µm2/s [5.0, 25.0]). Fractional anisotropy showed minimal change between cognitive groups (PDN: 0.001 [-0.005, 0,007], PDMCI: −0.005 [-0.013, 0.003], PDD: −0.005 [-0.014, 0.003]). Increase in mean diffusivity of the thalamus is associated with a global decline in cognition, the magnitude of the effect was greatest in lateral dorsal nucleus. Fractional anisotropy only showed evidence of a relationship with cognitive domain scores in the lateral dorsal nucleus.ConclusionsThe relationship between lateral dorsal nucleus integrity and cognitive changes is likely due to its primary connectivity with frontal and temporal regions.

scholarly journals A Method for the Prediction of Clinical Outcome Using Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Application on Parkinson’s Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 647
Author(s):  
Chih-Chien Tsai ◽  
Yu-Chun Lin ◽  
Shu-Hang Ng ◽  
Yao-Liang Chen ◽  
Jur-Shan Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Clinical Outcome ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Fractional Anisotropy ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Mean Diffusivity ◽  
Management Interventions ◽  
Diffusion Parameters ◽  
Disease Rating

Robust early prediction of clinical outcomes in Parkinson’s disease (PD) is paramount for implementing appropriate management interventions. We propose a method that uses the baseline MRI, measuring diffusion parameters from multiple parcellated brain regions, to predict the 2-year clinical outcome in Parkinson’s disease. Diffusion tensor imaging was obtained from 82 patients (males/females = 45/37, mean age: 60.9 ± 7.3 years, baseline and after 23.7 ± 0.7 months) using a 3T MR scanner, which was normalized and parcellated according to the Automated Anatomical Labelling template. All patients were diagnosed with probable Parkinson’s disease by the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke criteria. Clinical outcome was graded using disease severity (Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale and Modified Hoehn and Yahr staging), drug administration (levodopa equivalent daily dose), and quality of life (39-item PD Questionnaire). Selection and regularization of diffusion parameters, the mean diffusivity and fractional anisotropy, were performed using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) between baseline diffusion index and clinical outcome over 2 years. Identified features were entered into a stepwise multivariate regression model, followed by a leave-one-out/5-fold cross validation and additional blind validation using an independent dataset. The predicted Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale for each individual was consistent with the observed values at blind validation (adjusted R2 0.76) by using 13 features, such as mean diffusivity in lingual, nodule lobule of cerebellum vermis and fractional anisotropy in rolandic operculum, and quadrangular lobule of cerebellum. We conclude that baseline diffusion MRI is potentially capable of predicting 2-year clinical outcomes in patients with Parkinson’s disease on an individual basis.

scholarly journals Symptom Dimensions of Depression and Apathy and Their Relationship With Cognition in Parkinson’s Disease

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 269-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah M. Szymkowicz ◽  
Vonetta M. Dotson ◽  
Jacob D. Jones ◽  
Michael S. Okun ◽  
Dawn Bowers
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Somatic Symptoms ◽  
Cognitive Domain ◽  
Specific Symptom ◽  
Symptom Dimensions ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractObjectives: Both depression and apathy, alone and in combination, have been shown to negatively affect cognition in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). However, the influence of specific symptom dimensions of depression and apathy on cognition is not well understood. The current study investigated the relationship between symptom dimensions of depression and apathy, based on factors identified in Kirsch-Darrow et al. (2011), and memory and executive function in PD. Methods: A sample of 138 non-demented individuals with PD (mean age=64.51±7.43 years) underwent neuropsychological testing and completed the Beck Depression Inventory, 2nd Edition, and Apathy Scale. Separate hierarchical regression models examined the relationship between symptom dimensions of depression and apathy (“pure” depressive symptoms, “pure” apathy, loss of interest/pleasure [anhedonia], and somatic symptoms) and three cognitive domain composites: immediate verbal memory, delayed verbal memory, and executive function. Results: After adjusting for general cognitive status and the influence of the other symptom dimensions, “pure” depressive symptoms were negatively associated with the delayed verbal memory composite (p<.034) and somatic symptoms were positively associated with the executive function composite (p<.026). No symptom dimensions were significantly related to the immediate verbal memory composite. Conclusions: Findings suggest that specific mood symptoms are associated with delayed verbal memory and executive function performance in non-demented patients with PD. Further research is needed to better understand possible mechanisms through which specific symptom dimensions of depression and apathy are associated with cognition in PD. (JINS, 2018, 24, 269–282)

scholarly journals Cognitive Reserve, Executive Function, and Memory in Parkinson’s Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 992
Author(s):  
Andrea M. Loftus ◽  
Natalie Gasson ◽  
Nicole Lopez ◽  
Michelle Sellner ◽  
Carly Reid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Verbal Fluency ◽  
Cognitive Reserve ◽  
Cognitive Domain ◽  
Delayed Recall ◽  
Immediate Recall ◽  
The Relationship

Cognitive impairment is acknowledged as a feature of Parkinson’s disease (PD), and the most common cognitive declines are in executive function (EF) and memory. Cognitive reserve (CR) may offer some protection against cognitive dysfunction in PD. The present study used two proxies of CR (years of education, premorbid IQ) to examine the relationship between CR and (i) EF (ii) memory in a large PD sample (n = 334). Two aspects of EF were examined, including verbal fluency and planning skills. Two aspects of verbal memory were examined, including immediate recall and delayed recall. For EF, both CR proxies significantly predicted verbal fluency, but only years of education predicted planning skills. Years of education significantly predicted immediate recall, but premorbid IQ did not. Neither CR proxy predicted delayed recall. These findings suggest that CR, in particular years of education, may contribute to EF and memory function in those with PD. A key finding of this study is the varying contribution of CR proxies to different aspects of the same cognitive domain. The findings indicate that using only one proxy has the potential to be misleading and suggest that when testing the relationship between CR and cognition, studies should include tasks that measure different aspects of the cognitive domain(s) of interest.

Assessment of White Matter Lesions in Parkinson's Disease: Voxel-based Analysis and Tract-based Spatial Statistics Analysis of Parkinson's Disease with Mild Cognitive Impairment

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 480-486
Author(s):  
Wei Pu ◽  
Xudong Shen ◽  
Mingming Huang ◽  
Zhiqian Li ◽  
Xianchun Zeng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Corpus Callosum ◽  
Fractional Anisotropy ◽  
Spatial Statistics ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Tract Based Spatial Statistics

Objective: Application of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) to explore the changes of FA value in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) with mild cognitive impairment. Methods: 27 patients with PD were divided into PD with mild cognitive impairment (PD-MCI) group (n = 7) and PD group (n = 20). The original images were processed using voxel-based analysis (VBA) and tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS). Results: The average age of pd-mci group was longer than that of PD group, and the course of disease was longer than that of PD group. Compared with PD group, the voxel based analysis-fractional anisotropy (VBA-FA) values of PD-MCI group decreased in the following areas: bilateral frontal lobe, bilateral temporal lobe, bilateral parietal lobe, bilateral subthalamic nucleus, corpus callosum, and gyrus cingula. Tract-based spatial statistics-fractional anisotropy (TBSS-FA) values in PD-MCI group decreased in bilateral corticospinal tract, anterior cingulum, posterior cingulum, fornix tract, bilateral superior thalamic radiation, corpus callosum(genu, body and splenium), bilateral uncinate fasciculus, bilateral inferior longitudinal fasciculus, bilateral superior longitudinal fasciculus, bilateral superior fronto-occipital fasciculus, bilateral inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus, and bilateral parietal-occipital tracts. The mean age of onset in the PD-MCI group was greater than that in the PD group, and the disease course was longer than that in the PD group. Conclusion: DTI-based VBA and TBSS post-processing methods can detect abnormalities in multiple brain areas and white matter fiber tracts in PD-MCI patients. Impairment of multiple cerebral cortex and white matter fiber pathways may be an important causes of cognitive dysfunction in PD-MCI.

Appendectomy Does Not Increase the Risk of Future Emergence of Parkinson’s Disease: A Meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 000313482198903
Author(s):  
Mitsuru Ishizuka ◽  
Norisuke Shibuya ◽  
Kazutoshi Takagi ◽  
Hiroyuki Hachiya ◽  
Kazuma Tago ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Random Effects Models ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Cochrane Library ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Observation Period

Objective To explore the impact of appendectomy history on emergence of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Background Although there are several studies to investigate the relationship between appendectomy history and emergence of PD, the results are still controversial. Methods We performed a comprehensive electronic search of the literature (the Cochrane Library, PubMed, and the Web of Science) up to April 2020 to identify studies that had employed databases allowing comparison of emergence of PD between patients with and those without appendectomy history. To integrate the impact of appendectomy history on emergence of PD, a meta-analysis was performed using random-effects models to calculate the risk ratio (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for the selected studies, and heterogeneity was analyzed using I2 statistics. Results Four studies involving a total of 6 080 710 patients were included in this meta-analysis. Among 1 470 613 patients with appendectomy history, 1845 (.13%) had emergences of PD during the observation period, whereas among 4 610 097 patients without appendectomy history, 6743 (.15%) had emergences of PD during the observation period. These results revealed that patients with appendectomy history and without appendectomy had almost the same emergence of PD (RR, 1.02; 95% CI, .87-1.20; P = .83; I2 = 87%). Conclusion This meta-analysis has demonstrated that there was no significant difference in emergence of PD between patients with and those without appendectomy history.

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