scholarly journals Independent respiratory and locomotor rhythms in running mice

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Coralie Hérent ◽  
Séverine Diem ◽  
Gilles Fortin ◽  
Julien Bouvier
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
Respiratory Frequency ◽  
Breathing Frequency ◽  
Limb Movements ◽  
Temporal Coordination ◽  
Locomotor Rhythms

ABSTRACTExamining whether and how the rhythms of limb and breathing movements interact is highly informative about the mechanistic origin of hyperpnoea to exercise. However, studies have failed to reveal regularities. In particular, whether breathing frequency is inherently proportional to limb velocity and/or imposed by a synchronization of breaths to strides is still unclear. Here, we examined the specifications of respiratory changes during running in mice, the premier model for investigating, in a standardized manner, complex integrative tasks including adaptive breathing. We show that respiratory rate increases during running to a fixed and stable value, irrespective of trotting velocities and of inclination. Yet, respiratory rate was further enhanced during gallop. We also demonstrate the absence of temporal coordination of breaths to strides at any speed, intensity or gait. Our work thus highlights a hardwired mechanism that sets respiratory frequency independently of limb movements but in relation with the engaged locomotor program.

scholarly journals Absent phasing of respiratory and locomotor rhythms in running mice

eLife ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Coralie Hérent ◽  
Séverine Diem ◽  
Gilles Fortin ◽  
Julien Bouvier
Keyword(s):  
Mouse Model ◽  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
Breathing Frequency ◽  
Limb Movements ◽  
Temporal Coordination ◽  
Running Exercise ◽  
Exercise Hyperpnoea ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Locomotor Rhythms

Examining whether and how the rhythms of limb and breathing movements interact is highly informative about the mechanistic origin of hyperpnoea during running exercise. However, studies have failed to reveal regularities. In particular, whether breathing frequency is inherently proportional to limb velocity and imposed by a synchronization of breaths to strides is still unclear. Here, we examined respiratory changes during running in the resourceful mouse model. We show that, for a wide range of trotting speeds on a treadmill, respiratory rate increases to a fixed and stable value irrespective of trotting velocities. Respiratory rate was yet further increased during escape-like running and most particularly at gallop. However, we found no temporal coordination of breaths to strides at any speed, intensity, or gait. Our work thus highlights that exercise hyperpnoea can operate, at least in mice and in the presently examined running regimes, without phasic constraints from limb movements.

Measurement of Ventilatory Threshold by Respiratory Frequency

2002 ◽  
Vol 94 (3) ◽  
pp. 851-859 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teru Nabetani ◽  
Takeshi Ueda ◽  
Keisuke Teramoto
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
Treadmill Exercise ◽  
Ventilatory Threshold ◽  
Pulmonary Ventilation ◽  
Break Point ◽  
Cycle Ergometer ◽  
Respiratory Frequency ◽  
Treadmill Test ◽  
Cycle Ergometer Test ◽  
Ergometer Test

This study was conducted to assess whether respiratory frequency can be used as a valid parameter for estimating ventilatory threshold and for examining differences in exercise modes such as a cycle ergometer and a treadmill. 24 men and 12 women performed an incremental exercise test to exhaustion on a cycle ergometer and on a treadmill. Oxygen uptake, carbon dioxide output, pulmonary ventilation, ventilatory frequency, and heart rate were measured continuously every 30 sec. during the test. Three different and independent reviewers detected the ventilatory threshold point and break point of respiratory rate, which were then compared. Analysis indicated that (1) ventilatory threshold was well correlated with break point of respiratory rate for both cycle ( r = .88, p<.001) and treadmill exercise ( r = .96, p<.001). However, on the average, ventilatory threshold was only 71% (cycle) or 88% (treadmill) of break point of respiratory rare. (2) The regression equation for treadmill exercise was more accurate than that for cycling, but the detected data samples were smaller. The break point of respiratory rate was more easily detected for the cycle ergometer test (33 of 36 subjects) than for the treadmill test (only 15 of 36). The cycle ergometer test identified the break point of respiratory rate more easily than did the treadmill test. (3) There was an association between physical fitness and whether the break point of respiratory rate was detectable, and the more fit the subject (above average), the more likely the break point was to be undetected. Our study demonstrates that the break point of respiratory rate is closely associated with ventilatory threshold and that the cycle ergometer test is more conducive than the treadmill test to the detectability of break point of respiratory rate.

scholarly journals STRESS RESPONSES OF THREE SPECIES OF CYPRINID: COMMON CARP (Cyprinus carpio), BONYLIP BARB (Osteochilus hasselty), AND TORSORO (Tor soro) SUBJECTED TO OXYGEN DEPLETION

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 43
Author(s):  
Wahyulia Cahyanti ◽  
Nunak Nafiqoh ◽  
Otong Zenal Arifin
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
Common Carp ◽  
Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Oxygen Depletion ◽  
Cyprinid Fish ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Breathing Frequency ◽  
Common Carp Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Blood Hemoglobin ◽  
Carp Cyprinus Carpio

Fish in stressed conditions will show symptoms of a decreased physiological function. These symptoms include changes in the respiration system (gills, breathing frequency) and blood hemoglobin. Cyprinid fish are active fish that require high oxygen levels. In a minimum oxygen condition, cyprinid fish are easy to get stressed. Despite the extensive literature on cyprinid biology, comparison of declined physiological functions due to oxygen depletion in cyprinid are few and far between. The purpose of this study was to determine the physiological reactions and organ responses of three species of Cyprinidae, common carp (Cyprinus carpio), nilem carp (Osteochilus hasselti), and Torsoro carp (Tor soro) challenged to oxygen depletion. The study was conducted using 18 fishes for each species with an average body weight of 48.11 ± 4.24 g. Oxygen depletion challenge was done by placing the test fish in closed and non-aerated aquaria (40 cm x 20 cm x 20 cm). The dissolved oxygen level in each aquarium was measured every 30 minutes. Fish breathing frequency was calculated by the frequencies of mouth movement every 30 minutes. Histological examination of gills and blood was taken from healthy fish (at the beginning of treatment) and at LC50 (lethal concentration). The results showed that oxygen depletion reduced blood hemoglobin levels down to 5.1 ± 1.4 gram%, 3.3 ± 1.15 gram%, and 1.5 ± 0.71 gram% for goldfish, nilem, and torsoro, respectively. The respiratory rate varied from normal to depleted conditions. When depletion occurred, the respiratory rate increased and decreased again when the fish started to get weak. In normal conditions, the breathing frequency of goldfish was 60 beats/minute, nilem was 108 ± 20.8 beats/minute, and Tor soro was 144 ± 31.7 beats/minute. The highest respiration frequency occurred in tor soro fish in the 150th minute with a value of 216 ± 0.0 beats/minute. The fastest mortality at LC50% occurred in torsoro at 245.00 ± 17.32 minutes.

scholarly journals Earable POCER: Development of a Point-of-Care Ear Sensor for Respiratory Rate Measurement

Sensors ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 3020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuhiro Taniguchi ◽  
Atsushi Nishikawa
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
Light Emitting Diode ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Respiratory Frequency ◽  
Infrared Light ◽  
Rate Measurement ◽  
Ear Canal ◽  
Measuring Device ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Reflected Light

We have carried out research and development on an earphone-type respiratory rate measuring device, earable POCER. The name earable POCER is a combination of “earable”, which is a word coined from “wearable” and “ear”, and “POCER”, which is an acronym for “point-of-care ear sensor for respiratory rate measurement”. The earable POCER calculates respiratory frequency, based on the measurement values over one minute, through the simple attachment of an ear sensor to one ear of the measured subject and displays these on a tablet terminal. The earable POCER irradiates infrared light using a light-emitting diode (LED) loaded on an ear sensor to the epidermis within the ear canal and, by receiving that reflected light with a phototransistor, it measures movement of the ear canal based on respiration. In an evaluation experiment, eight healthy subjects first breathed through the nose 12 times per minute, then 16 times per minute, and finally 20 times per minute, in accordance with the flashing of a timing instruction LED. The results of these evaluation tests showed that the accuracy of the respiratory frequency was 100% for nose breathing 12 times per minute, 93.8% at 16 times, and 93.8% at 20 times.

scholarly journals Derivation of the respiratory rate from directly and indirectly measured respiratory signals using autocorrelation

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 241-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabian Schrumpf ◽  
Matthias Sturm ◽  
Gerold Bausch ◽  
Mirco Fuchs
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
Autocorrelation Function ◽  
Real World ◽  
Fourier Transformation ◽  
Breathing Frequency ◽  
Zero Crossing ◽  
Ecg Signals ◽  
Respiration Rates ◽  
Respiratory Signal ◽  
Electrocardiogram Ecg

AbstractThe estimation of respiratory rates from contineous respiratory signals is commonly done using either fourier transformation or the zero-crossing method. This paper introduces another method which is based on the autocorrelation function of the respiratory signal. The respiratory signals can be measured either directly using a flow sensor or chest strap or indirectly on the basis of the electrocardiogram (ECG). We compare our method against other established methods on the basis of real-world ECG signals and use a respiration-based breathing frequency as a reference. Our method achieved the best agreement between respiration rates derived from directly and indirectly measured respiratory signals.

Reliability of estimation of metabolic levels from respiratory frequency

1964 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 497-502 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. L. Ramanathan
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
Energy Cost ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Pulmonary Ventilation ◽  
Respiratory Frequency ◽  
Breathing Rate ◽  
Output Measurement ◽  
First Approximation ◽  
Correlation Constant

The reliability of estimating the physiological energy cost from the respiratory frequency has been tested from 114 exercise experiments on 11 volunteers. A correlation according to E (kcal/min) = -3.06 + 0.198 R (no/min) was obtained between energy consumption and breathing rate. This regression was highly significant (P < 0.01) with a correlation constant of 0.93 and standard error of only 0.46 kcal/min. The convenience of the method in comparison with pulse rate and pulmonary ventilation methods which have similar correlation and accuracy, have been discussed. In states of low energy metabolism and also in the performance of severe muscular tasks, when oxygen debt may occur, the present relation may not strictly apply. Breath amplitude also affects energy levels, but it seems to bear no relation to the effect of respiratory frequency. Techniques for observing respiratory frequencies accurately and for deriving the best estimate of energy cost under field conditions are described. Determinations of energy consumption to the first approximation are readily achieved by this method. exercise; respiratory rate and energy expenditure in man pulmonary ventilation and respiratory rate; work output measurement Submitted on May 21, 1963

scholarly journals Effect of Pursed Lip Breathing Exercise on Respiratory Frequency Among Tuberculosis Patients at Balai Besar Kesehatan Paru Masyarakat Makassar

2021 ◽  
pp. 545-552
Author(s):  
I Kade Wijaya ◽  
. Hasriany ◽  
Rioh Gunawan
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Respiratory Frequency ◽  
Wilcoxon Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Breathing Frequency ◽  
Breathing Exercise ◽  
Tuberculosis Patients ◽  
Pulmonary Tb ◽  
And Control

Pulmonary tuberculosis patients tend to experience high respiratory frequency. The breathing muscles in patients who experience shortness of breath can work when respiratory abnormalities occur. This study aims to determine the effect of Pursed Lip Breathing Exercise on Respiratory Frequency among Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients. The design in this study is a Quasi-Experimental design with a two-group approach, and a pre-test and post-test design. The sample is comprised of 20 patients in the Balai Besar Kesehatan Paru Masyarakat Makassar between 6 January – 8 February 2020. The instruments used in this study were the standard operational procedure of the Pursed Lip Breathing Exercise and the Respiratory Frequency Observation Sheet to determine the changes in the respiratory frequency of patients in the treatment and control groups. Statistics were analyzed using the T dependent test and Wilcoxon test. The Wilcoxon test result on the intervention group obtained the value of p = 0.004 or p < 0.05 and control group achieved p value = 0.157 or p > 0.05, it means the intervention group indicated influence and control group did not get any it. The intervention group that was treated by Pursed Lip Breathing Exercise acquired influence of breathing frequency on the pulmonary TB patients, but in another hand control group that only was measured the breathing frequency did not get any influence on the pulmonary TB patients.   Keywords: Tuberculosis, Breathing Frequency, Pursed Lip Breathing Exercise

Voluntary control of breathing does not alter vagal modulation of heart rate

1995 ◽  
Vol 78 (6) ◽  
pp. 2087-2094 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Patwardhan ◽  
J. M. Evans ◽  
E. N. Bruce ◽  
D. L. Eckberg ◽  
C. F. Knapp
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Spontaneous Breathing ◽  
Spectral Power ◽  
Vagal Tone ◽  
Frequency Region ◽  
Control Of Breathing ◽  
Respiratory Frequency ◽  
Respiratory Pattern ◽  
Breathing Frequency ◽  
Vagal Modulation

Variations in respiratory pattern influence the heart rate spectrum. It has been suggested, hence, that metronomic respiration should be used to correctly assess vagal modulation of heart rate by using spectral analysis. On the other hand, breathing to a metronome has been reported to increase heart rate spectral power in the high- or respiratory frequency region; this finding has led to the suggestion that metronomic respiration enhances vagal tone or alters vagal modulation of heart rate. To investigate whether metronomic breathing complicates the interpretation of heart rate spectra by altering vagal modulation, we recorded the electrocardiogram and respiration from eight volunteers during three breathing trials of 10 min each: 1) spontaneous breathing (mean rate of 14.4 breaths/min); 2) breathing to a metronome at the rate of 15, 18, and 21 breaths/min for 2, 6, and 2 min, respectively; and 3) breathing to a metronome at the rate of 18 breaths/min for 10 min. Data were also collected from eight volunteers who breathed spontaneously for 20 min and breathed metronomically at each subject's mean spontaneous breathing frequency for 20 min. Results from the three 10-min breathing trials showed that heart rate power in the respiratory frequency region was smaller during metronomic breathing than during spontaneous breathing. This decrease could be explained fully by the higher breathing frequencies used during trials 2 and 3 of metronomic breathing. When the subjects breathed metronomically at each subject's mean breathing frequency, the heart rate powers during metronomic breathing were similar to those during spontaneous breathing. Our results suggest that vagal modulation of heart rate is not altered and vagal tone is not enhanced during metronomic breathing.

The Response of Sheep To a Thermal Burden Induced by Exercise

1967 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. C. Taneja ◽  
B. M. Fuladi
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
Pulse Rate ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Respiratory Frequency ◽  
Minute Interval

SummaryTwo groups of mature Marwari wethers were raced at 5 and to miles/hr respectively, for 30 minutes. Rectal temperature, respiratory frequency and pulse rate were measured initially, again immediately after the exercise, and subsequently four times at 20 minute interval. The rise in rectal temperature, respiratory rate and pulse rate in the animals raced at 10 miles/hr was 2·1°F, 86 and 22 counts/min. respectively. The corresponding values in the animals raced at 5 miles/hr were 0·9°F, 72 and 19 counts/min. The rise in rectal temperature due to stress was proportional to the degree of exercise. The magnitude of increase in the respiratory rate tended to be the same under both the treatments, and the trend in pulse rate was similar to that of respiratory rate.

scholarly journals Important influence of respiration on human R-R interval power spectra is largely ignored

1993 ◽  
Vol 75 (5) ◽  
pp. 2310-2317 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. E. Brown ◽  
L. A. Beightol ◽  
J. Koh ◽  
D. L. Eckberg
Keyword(s):  
Tidal Volume ◽  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
Scientific Inquiry ◽  
Power Spectra ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Autonomic Activity ◽  
Breathing Frequency ◽  
Transform Method ◽  
Fast Fourier Transform Method ◽  
Published Research

Frequency-domain analyses of R-R intervals are used widely to estimate levels of autonomic neural traffic to the human heart. Because respiration modulates autonomic activity, we determined for nine healthy subjects the influence of breathing frequency and tidal volume on R-R interval power spectra (fast-Fourier transform method). We also surveyed published literature to determine current practices in this burgeoning field of scientific inquiry. Supine subjects breathed at rates of 6, 7.5, 10, 15, 17.1, 20, and 24 breaths/min and with nominal tidal volumes of 1,000 and 1,500 ml. R-R interval power at respiratory and low (0.06–0.14 Hz) frequencies declined significantly as breathing frequency increased. R-R interval power at respiratory frequencies was significantly greater at a tidal volume of 1,500 than 1,000 ml. Neither breathing frequency nor tidal volume influenced average R-R intervals significantly. Our review of studies reporting human R-R interval power spectra showed that 51% of the studies controlled respiratory rate, 11% controlled tidal volume, and 11% controlled both respiratory rate and tidal volume. The major implications of our analyses are that breathing parameters strongly influence low-frequency as well as respiratory frequency R-R interval power spectra and that this influence is largely ignored in published research.

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