scholarly journals PRELIMINARY ASSESSMENT OF STRUCTURE AND COLLECTIVE DOSE FROM CT EXAMINATIONS RELATED TO COVID-19 DIAGNOSTICS IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION IN MARCH -JUNE 2020

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandr Vodovatov ◽  
Ivan K Romanovich ◽  
Olga A Istorik ◽  
Lyudmila A Eremina ◽  
Sergey Morozov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Chest Ct ◽  
Preliminary Assessment ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Collective Dose ◽  
Reliable Assessment ◽  
Medical Facilities ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Medical Exposure ◽  
Operative Assessment

The use of computed tomography (CT) for the diagnostics of COVID-19 in the Russian Federation led to significant changes in the structure of X-ray diagnostics and levels of medical exposure of the patients. This study was aimed at the preliminary operative assessment of changes in the structure and collective dose from CT examinations in several representative hospitals, regions and on the level of the Russian Federation. The results of the study indicate that during the transformation of hospitals from general medical practice into dedicated COVID-19 facilities, the number of CT examinations increased up to 30%; the collective dose from CT exams increased up to a factor of 1.5. During a partial transformation of a medical facility into the hospital with separate COVID-19 departments, the increase in the number of CT examinations in the facility was more significant (up to a factor of 2 or more). These numbers correspond to 1.5 - 2.5 chest CT examinations (from 1 to 6) per patient admitted to hospital with COVID-19 diagnosis; and 1.2 chest CT examinations per patient in outpatient facilities, including a mandatory CT scan for the staging of COVID-19. The collective dose from CT examinations in the Russian Federation for March-June period of 2020 increased by the factor of 2 (from 16k man-Sv to 32k man-Sv); the collective dose of COVID-19 patients was about 12k man-Sv. For a more detailed and reliable assessment of the dynamics of changes in the structure of diagnostic radiology and levels of radiation exposure of patients in the Russian Federation, data collection in the regions of the Russian Federation and individual medical facilities will continue.

scholarly journals Modern principles of the radiation protection from sources of ionizing radiation in medicine. Part 1: Trends, structure of x-ray diagnostics and doses from medical exposure

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. G. Onischenko ◽  
A. Yu. Popova ◽  
I. K. Romanovich ◽  
A. V. Vodovatov ◽  
N. S. Bashketova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Nuclear Medicine ◽  
Radiation Protection ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
European Countries ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Collective Dose ◽  
Effective Doses ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Medical Exposure

Implementation of modern highly informative methods of X-ray diagnostics (computed tomography, interventional examinations, nuclear medicine), associated with the increase of doses to the public and patients, requires the development and improvement of the existing system of the radiation protection from medical exposure. Despite the prevalence of the traditional imaging modalities in the structure of X-ray diagnostics in the Russian Federation (radiography and fluorography compose up to 95% out of 280 mln. X-ray examinations performed in 2017), the major contribution into the collective dose from medical exposure is due to the computed tomography (50,5%). Comparison of the structure of X-ray diagnostics in the Russian Federation with European Union indicates the absence of fluorography examinations and significantly (up to a factor of 5) higher contribution of computed tomography in European countries. An average collective dose from medical exposure in European countries is composed of 80% of computed tomography and of 10% of nuclear medicine; a mean effective dose per X-ray examination are higher up to a factor of 3 compared to Russia. The analysis of the trends of the development of the X-ray diagnostic in the Russian Federation allows predicting a further increase of the number of computer tomography, interventional and nuclear medicine examinations as well as an increase of the collective dose from medical exposure up to a factor of two in the  next decade. This will be associated with changes in the structure of the X-ray diagnostics and an increase of the mean effective doses from X-ray examinations.

THE PROGRESSIVE PHENOTYPE OF PNEUMOCONIOSIS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y.Y. Gorblyansky ◽  
◽  
M.A. Panova ◽  
O.P. Ponamareva
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Silicon Dioxide ◽  
Retrospective Analysis ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Medical Examination ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Radiological Parameters ◽  
Rostov Region ◽  
The Russian Federation

Abstract: The prevalence of progressive forms of pneumoconiosis in the Russian Federation has been little studied. At the same time, the number of workers exposed to silicon dioxide, both in our country and abroad, is not decreasing. The purpose of our research to determine the criteria for the progression of pneumoconiosis in miners. A retrospective analysis of the results of a comprehensive medical examination of 150 miners of the Rostov region, observed in the center of occupational pathology, was carried out. All patients underwent radiography, computed tomography of the chest organs, and spirometry. X-ray description of the changes was carried out in accordance with the recommendations of the ILO. As a result, 24.5% had statistically significant signs of negative dynamics of functional and radiological indicators, which we referred to the criteria of progression. Thus, the progression of pneumoconiosis is determined by the negative dynamics of clinical and radiological parameters.

Preliminary assessment and analysis of public amenities capacity and status in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation: Methodological recommendations

10.12737/5363 ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 47-56
Author(s):  
Елена Погребова ◽  
Elena Pogrebova
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Public Service ◽  
Service User ◽  
Public Services ◽  
Information Sources ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Preliminary Assessment ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Russian Federation

The article presents the results of the author’s attempt at developing a complex of methodological recommendations for the preliminary assessment and analysis of the public amenities capacity and status in different constituent entities of the Russian Federation. The recommendations as developed by the author are based on specific examples, and are supported by information sources regarded by the author as necessary to use in the course of the analysis. The author also provides recommendations on the graphic representation of the results of the analysis (spread sheets) as well as recommendations on rating of the regions (ranking and grouping the regions in accordance with the level of public amenities development they demonstrate), a thorough analysis of the system of the public administration of the industry, the competences and authority of the federal executive bodies, regional agencies of State power and the local authorities responsible for the regulation of relations in the sphere of public services, an assessment of the capacity of public service providers, and a comparison of public service user prices as quoted by municipal entities in different constituents of the Russian Federation.

scholarly journals Analysis of doctors of different specialties staffing in the Russian Federation and abroad

2020 ◽  
pp. 96-101
Author(s):  
I.V. Shakhabov ◽  
◽  
Y.Y. Melnikov ◽  
A.V. Smyshlyaev ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Therapy ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
National Health System ◽  
Medical Personnel ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
Healthcare It ◽  
Leading Position ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Quantitative Indicators

The aim of the research is to analyze the indicators of medical personnel of various specialties staffing in the Russian Federation and abroad. Material and methods. The data from Rosstat in the field of healthcare were used. The proportion of doctors of various specialties was calculated. Descriptive statistics method was used; indicators trend analysis was carried out. Results. The indicator of staffing by doctors of all specialties per 10,000 population in the studied period had a downward trend (-4.3%). The largest decrease occurred among pediatricians (-36.0%). Less decrease concerns obstetricians and gynecologists (-1.7%), psychiatrists and psychiatrists and narcologists (-11.7%), phthisiatricians (-16.6%). An increase was registered among therapeutists (except GP) (+ 1.8%), (family) GP (+ 14.2%), surgeons except anesthesiologists and resuscitators (+ 4.0%), X-ray specialists and radiologists (+15, 3%), and dentists (+ 2.3%). The indicator was stable among ophthalmologists, otorhinolaryngologists, neurologists, dermato-venereologists, and exercise therapy doctors. The proportion of therapeutists (except GPs) and GPs tended to increase and amounted 1.7% and 22.8%, respectively, by the end of the studied period. The indicator increased among surgeons except anesthesiologists and resuscitators, obstetricians and gynecologists, ophthalmologists, otorhinolaryngologists, neurologists, X-ray specialists and radiologists, exercise therapy doctors, and dentists. The decrease was registered in pediatricians, psychiatrists and psychiatrists and narcologists, phthisiatricians, dermato-venereologists. The Russian Federation occupies a leading position compared to foreign countries in terms of staffing by doctors (per 100,000 population). Conclusion. To implement personnel policy in healthcare, it is necessary to pay attention not only to quantitative indicators providing population with doctors, but to qualitative ones as well. It is necessary to balance the ratio of doctors of different specialties to form a sustainable national health system. Scientifically based mechanism for specialist’s distribution should be developed.

scholarly journals Trends in the doses of the population of the Russian Federation in 2003–2018

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 96-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anatoly N. Barkovsky ◽  
Anzhelika A. Bratilova ◽  
Tatyana A. Kormanovskaya ◽  
Ruslan R. Akhmatdinov ◽  
Rustam R. Akhmatdinov
Keyword(s):  
Effective Dose ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Radiation Safety ◽  
Information Bulletin ◽  
Group A ◽  
Effective Doses ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Medical Exposure ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group B

In the last years radiation-hygienic passportization and Joint state system of control and accounting of the individual doses of the citizens have become a trusted source of the validated data on the state of the radiation safety in the Russian Federation and have become the basis of the Russian system of the information provision of the radiation safety. Annual analysis of that data is presented in the annual information bulletin “Doses of the population of the Russian Federation”. The current study is focused on the analysis of the data from the information bulletins to evaluate the trends in the doses of the Russian population from main sources of ionizing exposure in 2003–2018. It is indicated that the mean annual doses from man-made exposure of the group A staff in that period varies from 1,0–1,4 mSv per year, group B – 0,65–0,8 mSv per year. The number of exceedances of the annual dose limits from group A staff varied from 5 to 52 per year; for group B – 0–22 per year. For the whole investigated period there were only three cases of the exceedance of the 50 mSv annual individual dose for group A staff and four cases of the exceedance of the 12,5 mSv annual effective dose for group B staff. Mean effective dose per X-ray examination in 2006–2013 was decreasing from 0,56 mSv to 0,26 mSv and started to slowly increase leading to 0,29 mSv in 2018. The same trends were identified for the mean dose from medical exposure per citizen: reduction in 2003-2013 from 0,86 mSv to 0,45 mSv with the subsequent increase up to 0,56 mSv. The biggest contributor for the dose from medical exposure is computed tomography: the number of CT examinations increased from 1,3 mln in 2003 to 11,7 mln in 2018; contribution to the collective dose – from 5,7% to 54%. Mean annual effective doses from natural exposure of the population of the Russian regions varied from 1,6 to 15,1 mSv per year with the mean value for Russia of 3,11 – 3,79 mSv/year. The highest mean annual doses exceeding 5 mSv in each year were observed in Republic of Altay, Jewish Independent Region, Stavropol and Zabaikalskiy Krai, Republic of Tyva and Irkutsk region. Total effective doses exceeding 10 mSv/year were observed in Republic of Altay and Jewish Independent Region. For ten subjects of the Russain Federation (Republics of Buryatia, Altay, Tyva, Stavropol and Zabaikalskiy Krai, Irkutsk and Chita regions, Jewish Independent Region, Aginsko-Buryatskiy and Ust’-Ordinskiy independent districts) they exceed 5 mSv/year for the whole assessed period.

scholarly journals Prediction of lethal outcomes in COVID-19 cases based on the results chest computed tomography

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (6) ◽  
pp. 7-14
Author(s):  
S. P. Morozov ◽  
V. A. Gombolevskiy ◽  
V. Yu. Cherninа ◽  
I. A. Blokhin ◽  
O. A. Mokienko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Overall Survival ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Lung Parenchyma ◽  
Chest Ct ◽  
Lethal Outcome ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
Chest Computed Tomography ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
The Russian Federation

The objective: to predict lethal outcomes in patients with COVID-19 based on the result of chest computed tomography (chest CT) using a semi-quantitative visual scale of the pulmonary parenchyma lesion.Subjects and methods. Inclusion criteria: patients who underwent chest CT from March 2 to May 1, 2020, inclusively, upon referral of a general practitioner due to suspected community-acquired pneumonia caused by COVID-19. Chest CT was performed in 48 medical organizations providing primary medical care to the adult population in Moscow. Exclusion criteria: patients whose chest CT was not assessed by CT 0-4 score; patients who were not confirmed as COVID-19 positive.In the Russian Federation, CT 0-4 score is recommended to be used for assessment of the extent of lung parenchyma lesion in cases with suspected COVID-19.Data on fatal outcomes were received on May 4, 2020 inclusive.Results: data of 13,003 patients from the Unified Radiological Information Service were retrospectively included in the study according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. The test aimed to detect a trend of directional changes in the proportion of deceased patients among various categories using CT 0-4 score demonstrated a statistically significant result (p < 0.0001). The chance of a lethal outcome increases directionally from CT-0 to CT-4. The test for deviations from the linear trend also provided p < 0.0001, i.e. when moving to higher scores (CT-3 and CT-4), there was an accelerated increase in the risk of death. Analysis of overall survival using the Cox regression model showed that the assessed factors (age and CT 0-4 score) were statistically significantly associated with the time to death from COVID-19 (p < 0.05). The risk of death increased with age, on average, 8.6% for every 5 years (95% CI 0.8-17.0%). When transferring from one category of CT to the next one, the risk increased by 38% on the average (95% CI 17.1-62.6%). There was no statistically significant association of gender factor with overall survival (p = 0.408).The visual score of CT 0-4 recommended for use in the Russian Federation to assess lung parenchyma lesions according to chest CT data, is a predictor of a lethal outcome in patients with COVID-19. CT 0-4 score is convenient for practical use.

scholarly journals Analysis of patient medical exposure in X-ray diagnostics in Russia for half a century (1970–2019)

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 60-75
Author(s):  
S. A. Kalnitsky ◽  
N. V. Tselikov
Keyword(s):  
Effective Dose ◽  
Radiation Safety ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Safety Issues ◽  
Radiation Sources ◽  
Medical Diagnostic ◽  
Effective Doses ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Medical Exposure ◽  
Observation Period

During last 50 years, firstly in the RSFSR in the USSR (1970-80), then in the Russian Federation - RF (1990-2019), the authors studied the radiation safety issues of patients from medical exposure. The reader is offered a complex radiation-hygienic analysis of the 50-year medical exposure of patients and of the population in Russia to inform and analyze the available data on the most common type of use of ionizing radiation sources in the national economy. For a half century, several generations of people have changed and medical diagnostic X-ray equipment and technologies have also radically changed. The information from this article was obtained on the basis of radiation-hygienic statistics, as well as considered our research. The data is presented at the federal level in the form of the volume of research carried out- determined by the number of X-ray procedures, as well as the level of medical exposure in the form of effective dose of patients in Russia - a huge region with a population of about 150 million people, where about 200 million X-Ray procedures were performed annually, i.e. about 10 billion X-Ray procedures for the entire observation period. During the study, a collective effective dose was - 6.5 million person-Sv at the rate of 100 thousand person-Sv and more per year. The paper presents the dynamics and the structure of the studied indicators depending on the type of medical exposure, as well as its localization. The contribution of the X-ray diagnostics to the total volume of radiation diagnostics, which is developing dynamically, is presented. It was found that throughout the study, there were two oppositely directed processes: an increase in the number of X-Ray procedures and a decrease in the effective doses of patients. At present, the minimum dose has been reached, after that it has been increasing began, associated with the use of new computer technologies. It was determined that, depending on the localization, the main radiation load during X-ray procedures falls on the skeleton and digestive organs. It is shown that during the study period (in 1986) there was an accident at the Chernobyl, which significantly affected on medical activities and, in particular, X-ray diagnostic indicators. The paper shows the consequences of these situations. In general, the data presented is huge in volume and significant in information content. The information obtained on the basis of such a unique data is representative and allows, firstly, to analytically study the issues of radiation protection of patients and, secondly, to plan the strategy and tactics of its development.

scholarly journals THE RESULTS OF FUNCTIONING OF THE UNIFIED SYSTEM OF INDIVIDUAL DOSE CONTROL OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION CITIZENS BASED ON THE 2017 DATA

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 98-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. N. Barkovsky ◽  
R. R. Akhmatdinov ◽  
R. R. Akhmatdinov ◽  
N. K. Baryshkov ◽  
A. M. Biblin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Individual Dose ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Radiation Sources ◽  
Dose Control ◽  
Group A ◽  
Staff Group ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Group B

The article presents the results of the generalized analysis of the data on staff, patient, and public doses from ionizing radiation obtained from the Unified System of Individual Dose Control for 2017. The analysis is conducted on the basis of the annual data from the forms of Federal State Statistical. Observation No.1-DOZ (staff individual doses), No.2-DOZ (doses from radiation accidents), No.3-DOZ (patient doses) and No.4- DOZ (public doses from natural and technogenically impacted background). The information is submitted by the organizations and territories under the supervision of the Rospotrebnadzor and FMBA of the Russian Federation. The article is based on the data obtained within the framework of Radiation-Hygiene passportization. In 2017, 18 324 organizations working with the artificial radiation sources submitted the form No.1-DOZ. The form No.1-DOZ contains data on 235 271 staff individual doses, 215 290 of the staff group A and 19 981 the staff group B with individual monitoring. In 2017, the average individual dose for the staff group A was 1,23 mSv, the staff group B – 0,67 mSv. In 2017, 13 036 healthcare organizations submitted the form No.3- DOZ. According to the No.3-DOZ data, more than 286 mln. X-ray procedures were conducted in the Russian Federation in 2017. An average dose per capita from medical exposure was 0,55 mSv/year and a mean dose per an X-ray examination was 0,28 mSv. In 2017, the form No.4-DOZ contained data on 8 130 measurements of gamma-radiation dose rate in wooden houses, 1 557 measurements in one-storey stone houses, 126 550 measurements in multi-storey stone houses and 178 138 measurements on the open ground As well as the results of 4 417 measurements of radon concentration levels in wooden houses, 5 971 measurements in one-storey stone houses, 57 461 measurements in multi-storey stone houses. The public average effective dose from natural ionizing radiation sources corresponded to 3.34 mSv/year, the average values for the subjects of the Russian Federation fall in the range from 2,15 mSv/year (Nenets Autonomous Okrug) to 8,9 mSv/year (Altai republic). The article includes the Annexes with the final generalized forms of the Unified System of Individual Dose Control in 2017 based on the forms of statistical observations No. 1-, 3- and 4-DOZ of the subjects of the Russian Federation.

scholarly journals THE CURRENT STATE OF PREPAREDNESS OF THE ROSPOTREBNADZOR INSTITUTIONS FOR PROVISION OF THE RADIATION SAFETY FOR THE 2018 WORLD FOOTBALL CHAMPIONSHIP

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 98-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. A. Saprykin
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Emergency Preparedness ◽  
Radiation Safety ◽  
Full Time ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Radiation Control ◽  
Entry Points ◽  
Preparatory Stage ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Sport Facilities

This study is focused on the main activities on provision of the radiation safety as a part of sanitary surveillance and radiation terrorism counteraction during the 2018 World Football Championship. The main activities at the preparatory stage are collection and analysis of information on the potentially dangerous sources of ionizing radiation in the regions of the Russian Federation hosting the 2018 World Football Championship; control of compliance to the sanitary rules of the projects of the allocation of X-ray screening units and their commissioning; radiation control as a part of the commissioning of the sport facilities after construction/reconstruction; sanitary control of the allocation of X-ray screening units on the sport and infrastructure facilities; organization-methodical activities. During the World Football Championship it is planned to carry out the radiation control in monitoring points and the control of the concentration of radionuclides in water and food stuff samples. In the framework of the radiation terrorism countermeasures, the main activities of the provision of the radiation safety are the radiation control on the infrastructure facilities, remote points of inspection and entry points to the sport facilities; full-time emergency preparedness. A brief evaluation of the equipment of the Rospotrebnadzor radiation control laboratories in the regions of the Russian Federation hosting the 2018 World Football Championship and their preparedness for the provision of the radiation safety is also presented in the paper.

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