scholarly journals Functional Brain Networks and Alcohol Consumption: From the Naïve State to Chronic Heavy Drinking

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jared A. Rowland ◽  
Jennifer R. Stapleton-Kotloski ◽  
Greg E. Alberto ◽  
April T. Davenport ◽  
Phillip M. Epperly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Brain Networks ◽  
Alcohol Exposure ◽  
Brain Network ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Functional Brain ◽  
Rich Club ◽  
Functional Brain Networks ◽  
The Rich

AbstractA fundamental question for alcohol use disorder is how naïve brain networks are reorganized in response to the consumption of alcohol. The current study aimed to determine the progression of alcohol’s effect on functional brain networks during the transition from naïve, to early, to chronic consumption. Resting-state brain networks of six female monkeys were acquired using magnetoencephalography prior to alcohol exposure, after early exposure, and after free-access to alcohol using a well-established model of chronic heavy alcohol use. Functional brain network metrics were derived at each time point. Assortativity, average connection frequency, and number of gamma connections changed significantly over time. All metrics remained relatively stable from naïve to early drinking, and displayed significant changes following increased quantity of alcohol consumption. The assortativity coefficient was significantly less negative (p=.043), connection frequency increased (p=.03), and gamma connections increased (p=.034). Further, brain regions considered hubs (p=.037) and members of the Rich Club (p=.012) became less common across animals following the introduction of alcohol. The minimum degree of the Rich Club prior to alcohol exposure was significantly predictive of future free-access drinking (r=-.88, p<.001). Results suggest naïve brain network characteristics may be used to predict future alcohol consumption, and that alcohol consumption alters the topology of functional brain networks, shifting hubs and Rich Club membership away from previous regions in a non-systematic manner. Further work to refine these relationships may lead to the identification of a high-risk AUD phenotype.

scholarly journals Rich Club Characteristics of Alcohol-Naïve Functional Brain Networks Predict Future Drinking Phenotypes in Rhesus Macaques

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jared A. Rowland ◽  
Jennifer R. Stapleton-Kotloski ◽  
Greg E. Alberto ◽  
April T. Davenport ◽  
Phillip M. Epperly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Brain Networks ◽  
Alcohol Exposure ◽  
Brain Network ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Functional Brain ◽  
Rich Club ◽  
Functional Brain Network ◽  
Functional Brain Networks ◽  
The Rich

Purpose: A fundamental question for Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is how and when naïve brain networks are reorganized in response to alcohol consumption. The current study aimed to determine the progression of alcohol’s effect on functional brain networks during transition from the naïve state to chronic consumption.Procedures: Resting-state brain networks of six female rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) monkeys were acquired using magnetoencephalography (MEG) prior to alcohol exposure and after free-access to alcohol using a well-established model of chronic heavy alcohol consumption. Functional brain network metrics were derived at each time point.Results: The average connection frequency (p &lt; 0.024) and membership of the Rich Club (p &lt; 0.022) changed significantly over time. Metrics describing network topology remained relatively stable from baseline to free-access drinking. The minimum degree of the Rich Club prior to alcohol exposure was significantly predictive of future free-access drinking (r = −0.88, p &lt; 0.001).Conclusions: Results suggest naïve brain network characteristics may be used to predict future alcohol consumption, and that alcohol consumption alters functional brain networks, shifting hubs and Rich Club membership away from previous regions in a non-systematic manner. Further work to refine these relationships may lead to the identification of a high-risk drinking phenotype.

scholarly journals Effects of a Motor Imagery Task on Functional Brain Network Community Structure in Older Adults: Data from the Brain Networks and Mobility Function (B-NET) Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 118
Author(s):  
Blake R. Neyland ◽  
Christina E. Hugenschmidt ◽  
Robert G. Lyday ◽  
Jonathan H. Burdette ◽  
Laura D. Baker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Graph Theory ◽  
Community Structure ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Brain Networks ◽  
Brain Network ◽  
Functional Brain ◽  
Network Community ◽  
Functional Brain Networks ◽  
The Brain

Elucidating the neural correlates of mobility is critical given the increasing population of older adults and age-associated mobility disability. In the current study, we applied graph theory to cross-sectional data to characterize functional brain networks generated from functional magnetic resonance imaging data both at rest and during a motor imagery (MI) task. Our MI task is derived from the Mobility Assessment Tool–short form (MAT-sf), which predicts performance on a 400 m walk, and the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB). Participants (n = 157) were from the Brain Networks and Mobility (B-NET) Study (mean age = 76.1 ± 4.3; % female = 55.4; % African American = 8.3; mean years of education = 15.7 ± 2.5). We used community structure analyses to partition functional brain networks into communities, or subnetworks, of highly interconnected regions. Global brain network community structure decreased during the MI task when compared to the resting state. We also examined the community structure of the default mode network (DMN), sensorimotor network (SMN), and the dorsal attention network (DAN) across the study population. The DMN and SMN exhibited a task-driven decline in consistency across the group when comparing the MI task to the resting state. The DAN, however, displayed an increase in consistency during the MI task. To our knowledge, this is the first study to use graph theory and network community structure to characterize the effects of a MI task, such as the MAT-sf, on overall brain network organization in older adults.

Differences in Functional Brain Networks Between Subjective Cognitive Decline with and without Worry Groups: A Graph Theory Study from SILCODE

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Yi Liu ◽  
Zhuoyuan Li ◽  
Xueyan Jiang ◽  
Wenying Du ◽  
Xiaoqi Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Graph Theory ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Path Length ◽  
Brain Networks ◽  
Brain Network ◽  
Clustering Coefficient ◽  
Subjective Cognitive Decline ◽  
Functional Brain ◽  
Functional Brain Network ◽  
Functional Brain Networks

Background: Evidence suggests that subjective cognitive decline (SCD) individuals with worry have a higher risk of cognitive decline. However, how SCD-related worry influences the functional brain network is still unknown. Objective: In this study, we aimed to explore the differences in functional brain networks between SCD subjects with and without worry. Methods: A total of 228 participants were enrolled from the Sino Longitudinal Study on Cognitive Decline (SILCODE), including 39 normal control (NC) subjects, 117 SCD subjects with worry, and 72 SCD subjects without worry. All subjects completed neuropsychological assessments, APOE genotyping, and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI). Graph theory was applied for functional brain network analysis based on both the whole brain and default mode network (DMN). Parameters including the clustering coefficient, shortest path length, local efficiency, and global efficiency were calculated. Two-sample T-tests and chi-square tests were used to analyze differences between two groups. In addition, a false discovery rate-corrected post hoc test was applied. Results: Our analysis showed that compared to the SCD without worry group, SCD with worry group had significantly increased functional connectivity and shortest path length (p = 0.002) and a decreased clustering coefficient (p = 0.013), global efficiency (p = 0.001), and local efficiency (p <  0.001). The above results appeared in both the whole brain and DMN. Conclusion: There were significant differences in functional brain networks between SCD individuals with and without worry. We speculated that worry might result in alterations of the functional brain network for SCD individuals and then result in a higher risk of cognitive decline.

scholarly journals Brain network dynamics correlate with personality traits

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aya Kabbara ◽  
Veronique Paban ◽  
Arnaud Weill ◽  
Julien Modolo ◽  
Mahmoud Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Brain Networks ◽  
Neural Substrates ◽  
Brain Network ◽  
Functional Brain ◽  
Human Connectome Project ◽  
Functional Brain Networks ◽  
The Brain

AbstractIntroductionIdentifying the neural substrates underlying the personality traits is a topic of great interest. On the other hand, it is now established that the brain is a dynamic networked system which can be studied using functional connectivity techniques. However, much of the current understanding of personality-related differences in functional connectivity has been obtained through the stationary analysis, which does not capture the complex dynamical properties of brain networks.ObjectiveIn this study, we aimed to evaluate the feasibility of using dynamic network measures to predict personality traits.MethodUsing the EEG/MEG source connectivity method combined with a sliding window approach, dynamic functional brain networks were reconstructed from two datasets: 1) Resting state EEG data acquired from 56 subjects. 2) Resting state MEG data provided from the Human Connectome Project. Then, several dynamic functional connectivity metrics were evaluated.ResultsSimilar observations were obtained by the two modalities (EEG and MEG) according to the neuroticism, which showed a negative correlation with the dynamic variability of resting state brain networks. In particular, a significant relationship between this personality trait and the dynamic variability of the temporal lobe regions was observed. Results also revealed that extraversion and openness are positively correlated with the dynamics of the brain networks.ConclusionThese findings highlight the importance of tracking the dynamics of functional brain networks to improve our understanding about the neural substrates of personality.

Dynamic Reorganization of the Cortical Functional Brain Network in Affective Processing and Cognitive Reappraisal

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (10) ◽  
pp. 2050051
Author(s):  
Feng Fang ◽  
Thomas Potter ◽  
Thinh Nguyen ◽  
Yingchun Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Brain Networks ◽  
Cognitive Reappraisal ◽  
Brain Network ◽  
Affective Processing ◽  
Functional Brain ◽  
Affective Stimuli ◽  
Functional Brain Network ◽  
Functional Brain Networks

Emotion and affect play crucial roles in human life that can be disrupted by diseases. Functional brain networks need to dynamically reorganize within short time periods in order to efficiently process and respond to affective stimuli. Documenting these large-scale spatiotemporal dynamics on the same timescale they arise, however, presents a large technical challenge. In this study, the dynamic reorganization of the cortical functional brain network during an affective processing and emotion regulation task is documented using an advanced multi-model electroencephalography (EEG) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) technique. Sliding time window correlation and [Formula: see text]-means clustering are employed to explore the functional brain connectivity (FC) dynamics during the unaltered perception of neutral (moderate valence, low arousal) and negative (low valence, high arousal) stimuli and cognitive reappraisal of negative stimuli. Betweenness centralities are computed to identify central hubs within each complex network. Results from 20 healthy subjects indicate that the cortical mechanism for cognitive reappraisal follows a ‘top-down’ pattern that occurs across four brain network states that arise at different time instants (0–170[Formula: see text]ms, 170–370[Formula: see text]ms, 380–620[Formula: see text]ms, and 620–1000[Formula: see text]ms). Specifically, the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) is identified as a central hub to promote the connectivity structures of various affective states and consequent regulatory efforts. This finding advances our current understanding of the cortical response networks of reappraisal-based emotion regulation by documenting the recruitment process of four functional brain sub-networks, each seemingly associated with different cognitive processes, and reveals the dynamic reorganization of functional brain networks during emotion regulation.

scholarly journals Unifying the Notions of Modularity and Core–Periphery Structure in Functional Brain Networks during Youth

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 1087-1102
Author(s):  
Shi Gu ◽  
Cedric Huchuan Xia ◽  
Rastko Ciric ◽  
Tyler M Moore ◽  
Ruben C Gur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Brain Function ◽  
Brain Networks ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Imaging Data ◽  
Modular Architecture ◽  
Functional Brain ◽  
Rich Club ◽  
Functional Brain Networks ◽  
Integrative Processing

AbstractAt rest, human brain functional networks display striking modular architecture in which coherent clusters of brain regions are activated. The modular account of brain function is pervasive, reliable, and reproducible. Yet, a complementary perspective posits a core–periphery or rich-club account of brain function, where hubs are densely interconnected with one another, allowing for integrative processing. Unifying these two perspectives has remained difficult due to the fact that the methodological tools to identify modules are entirely distinct from the methodological tools to identify core–periphery structure. Here, we leverage a recently-developed model-based approach—the weighted stochastic block model—that simultaneously uncovers modular and core–periphery structure, and we apply it to functional magnetic resonance imaging data acquired at rest in 872 youth of the Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort. We demonstrate that functional brain networks display rich mesoscale organization beyond that sought by modularity maximization techniques. Moreover, we show that this mesoscale organization changes appreciably over the course of neurodevelopment, and that individual differences in this organization predict individual differences in cognition more accurately than module organization alone. Broadly, our study provides a unified assessment of modular and core–periphery structure in functional brain networks, offering novel insights into their development and implications for behavior.

scholarly journals Influence of Heart Rate Variability on Abstinence-Related Changes in Brain State in Everyday Drinkers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hope Peterson ◽  
Rhiannon E Mayhugh ◽  
Mohsen Bahrami ◽  
W Jack Rejeski ◽  
Sean L Simpson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Brain Networks ◽  
Functional Brain ◽  
Autonomic Nervous ◽  
Complex Interactions ◽  
Alcohol Abstinence ◽  
Functional Brain Networks ◽  
The Relationship

Alcohol consumption is now common practice worldwide, and functional brain networks are beginning to reveal the complex interactions observed with alcohol consumption and abstinence. The autonomic nervous system (ANS) has a well-documented relationship with alcohol use, and a growing body of research is finding links between the ANS and functional brain networks. This study recruited everyday drinkers in an effort to uncover the relationship between alcohol abstinence, ANS function, and whole brain functional brain networks. Participants (n=29), 24-60 years-of-age, consumed moderate levels of alcohol regularly (males 2.4 (&plusmn;0.26) drinks/day, females 2.3 (&plusmn;0.96) drinks/day). ANS function, specifically cardiac vagal tone, was assessed using the Porges-Bohrer method for calculating respiratory sinus arrhythmia (PBRSA). Functional brain networks were generated from resting-state MRI scans obtained following 3-day periods of typical consumption and abstinence. A multi-task mixed-effects regression model determined the influences of HRV and drinking state on functional network connectivity. Results showed differences in the relationship between the strength of network connections and clustering coefficients across drinking states, moderated by PBRSA. Increases in connection strength between highly clustered nodes during abstinence as PBRSA increases demonstrates a greater possible range of topological configurations at high PBRSA values. This novel finding begins to shed light on the complex interactions between typical alcohol abstinence and physiological responses of the central and autonomic nervous system.

scholarly journals Multi-Task Brain Network Reconfiguration is Inversely Associated with Human Intelligence

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonas Alexander Thiele ◽  
Joshua Faskowitz ◽  
Olaf Sporns ◽  
Kirsten Hilger
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Ability ◽  
Network Architecture ◽  
Brain Networks ◽  
Brain Network ◽  
Task Demands ◽  
Human Intelligence ◽  
Network Reconfiguration ◽  
General Intelligence ◽  
Functional Brain ◽  
Functional Brain Networks

Intelligence describes the general cognitive ability level of a person. It is one of the most fundamental concepts in psychological science and is crucial for effective adaption of behavior to varying environmental demands. Changing external task demands have been shown to induce reconfiguration of functional brain networks. However, whether neural reconfiguration between different tasks is associated with intelligence has not yet been investigated. We used fMRI data from 812 subjects to show that higher scores of general intelligence are related to less brain network reconfiguration between resting state and seven different tasks as well as to network reconfiguration between tasks. This association holds for all functional brain networks except the motor system, and replicates in two independent samples (N = 138, N = 184). Our findings suggest that the intrinsic network architecture of individuals with higher general intelligence scores is closer to the network architecture as required by various cognitive demands. Multi-task brain network reconfiguration may, therefore, reflect the neural equivalent of the behavioral positive manifold, i.e., the essence of the concept of general intelligence. Finally, our results support neural efficiency theories of cognitive ability and reveal insights into human intelligence as an emergent property from a distributed multi-task brain network.

scholarly journals Dynamic community detection reveals transient reorganization of functional brain networks across a female menstrual cycle

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua M. Mueller ◽  
Laura Pritschet ◽  
Tyler Santander ◽  
Caitlin M. Taylor ◽  
Scott T. Grafton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Community Detection ◽  
Brain Networks ◽  
Brain Network ◽  
Functional Brain ◽  
Default Mode ◽  
Hormone Interactions ◽  
Dynamic Community Detection ◽  
Functional Brain Networks ◽  
Dynamic Community

AbstractSex steroid hormones have been shown to alter regional brain activity, but the extent to which they modulate connectivity within and between large-scale functional brain networks over time has yet to be characterized. Here, we applied dynamic community detection techniques to data from a highly sampled female with 30 consecutive days of brain imaging and venipuncture measurements to characterize changes in resting-state community structure across the menstrual cycle. Four stable functional communities were identified consisting of nodes from visual, default mode, frontal control, and somatomotor networks. Limbic, subcortical, and attention networks exhibited higher than expected levels of nodal flexibility, a hallmark of between-network integration and transient functional reorganization. The most striking reorganization occurred in a default mode subnetwork localized to regions of the prefrontal cortex, coincident with peaks in serum levels of estradiol, luteinizing hormone, and follicle stimulating hormone. Nodes from these regions exhibited strong intra-network increases in functional connectivity, leading to a split in the stable default mode core community and the transient formation of a new functional community. Probing the spatiotemporal basis of human brain–hormone interactions with dynamic community detection suggests that ovulation results in a temporary, localized patterns of brain network reorganization.Author SummarySex steroid hormones influence the central nervous system across multiple spatiotemporal scales. Estrogen and progesterone concentrations rise and fall throughout the menstrual cycle, but it remains poorly understood how day-to-day fluctuations in hormones shape human brain dynamics. Here, we assessed the structure and stability of resting-state brain network activity in concordance with serum hormone levels from a female who underwent fMRI and venipuncture for 30 consecutive days. Our results reveal that while network structure is largely stable over the menstrual cycle, there is temporary reorganization of several largescale functional brain networks during the ovulatory window. In particular, a default mode subnetwork exhibits increased connectivity with itself and with regions from temporoparietal and limbic networks, providing novel perspective into brain-hormone interactions.

Longitudinal study of functional brain network reorganization in clinically isolated syndrome

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 188-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ismail Koubiyr ◽  
Mathilde Deloire ◽  
Pierre Besson ◽  
Pierrick Coupé ◽  
Cécile Dulau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Betweenness Centrality ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Brain Networks ◽  
Brain Network ◽  
Functional Brain ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Global Efficiency ◽  
Functional Brain Network ◽  
Functional Brain Networks ◽  
Brain Network Reorganization

Background: There is a lack of longitudinal studies exploring the topological organization of functional brain networks at the early stages of multiple sclerosis (MS). Objective: This study aims to assess potential brain functional reorganization at rest in patients with CIS (PwCIS) after 1 year of evolution and to characterize the dynamics of functional brain networks at the early stage of the disease. Methods: We prospectively included 41 PwCIS and 19 matched healthy controls (HCs). They were scanned at baseline and after 1 year. Using graph theory, topological metrics were calculated for each region. Hub disruption index was computed for each metric. Results: Hub disruption indexes of degree and betweenness centrality were negative at baseline in patients ( p < 0.05), suggesting brain reorganization. After 1 year, hub disruption indexes for degree and betweenness centrality were still negative ( p < 0.00001), but such reorganization appeared more pronounced than at baseline. Different brain regions were driving these alterations. No global efficiency differences were observed between PwCIS and HCs either at baseline or at 1 year. Conclusion: Dynamic changes in functional brain networks appear at the early stages of MS and are associated with the maintenance of normal global efficiency in the brain, suggesting a compensatory effect.

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