scholarly journals Potential Rhodopsin and Bacteriochlorophyll-Based Dual Phototrophy in a High Arctic Glacier

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yonghui Zeng ◽  
Xihan Chen ◽  
Anne Mette Madsen ◽  
Athanasios Zervas ◽  
Tue Kjærgaard Nielsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
High Arctic ◽  
Proton Pumping ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
The Other ◽  
Solar Irradiation ◽  
Metabolic Potential ◽  
Expression Control ◽  
Arctic Glacier

AbstractConserving additional energy from sunlight through bacteriochlorophyll (BChl)‐based reaction center or proton‐pumping rhodopsin is a highly successful life strategy in environmental bacteria. Rhodopsin and BChl based systems display contrasting characteristics in the size of coding operon, cost of biosynthesis, ease of expression control, and efficiency of energy production. This raises an intriguing question of whether a single bacterium has evolved the ability to perform these two types of phototrophy complementarily according to energy needs and environmental conditions. Here we report four Tardiphaga sp. strains (Alphaproteobacteria) of monophyletic origin isolated from a high Arctic glacier in northeast Greenland (81.566° N, 16.363° W) that are at different evolutionary stages concerning phototrophy. Their >99.8% identical genomes contain footprints of horizontal operon transfers (HOT) of the complete gene clusters encoding BChl and xanthorhodopsin (XR)‐based dual phototrophy. Two strains only possess a complete xanthorhodopsin (XR) operon, while the other two strains have both a photosynthesis gene cluster (PGC) and an XR operon in their genomes. All XR operons are heavily surrounded by mobile genetic elements and located close to a tRNA gene, strongly signaling that a HOT event of XR operon has occurred recently. Mining public genome databases and our High Arctic glacial and soil metagenomes revealed that phylogenetically diverse bacteria have the metabolic potential of performing BChl and rhodopsin‐based dual phototrophy. Our data provide new insights on how bacteria cope with the harsh and energy‐deficient environments in surface glaciers, possibly by maximizing the capability of exploiting solar energy.ImportanceOver billions of years of evolution, bacteria capable of light‐driven energy production have occupied every corner of surface Earth where solar irradiation can reach. Only two general biological systems have evolved in bacteria to be capable of net energy conservation via light‐harvesting: one is based on the pigment of (bacterio‐)chlorophyll and the other based on light‐sensing retinal molecules. There is emerging genomic evidence that these two rather different systems can co‐exist in a single bacterium to take advantage of their contrasting characteristics in the number of genes involved, biosynthesis cost, ease of expression control and efficiency of energy production, and thus enhance the capability of exploiting solar energy. Our data provide the first clear‐cut evidence that such dual phototrophy potentially exist in glacial bacteria. Further public genome mining suggests this understudied dual phototrophic mechanism is possibly more common than our data alone suggested.Sequence data availabilityGenomes, metagenomes and raw reads were deposited into GenBank under Bioprojects PRJNA548505 and PRJNA552582.

scholarly journals Potential Rhodopsin- and Bacteriochlorophyll-Based Dual Phototrophy in a High Arctic Glacier

mBio ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yonghui Zeng ◽  
Xihan Chen ◽  
Anne Mette Madsen ◽  
Athanasios Zervas ◽  
Tue Kjærgaard Nielsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Gene Clusters ◽  
High Arctic ◽  
Proton Pumping ◽  
The Other ◽  
Life Strategy ◽  
Metabolic Potential ◽  
Expression Control ◽  
Arctic Glacier

ABSTRACT Conserving additional energy from sunlight through bacteriochlorophyll (BChl)-based reaction center or proton-pumping rhodopsin is a highly successful life strategy in environmental bacteria. BChl and rhodopsin-based systems display contrasting characteristics in the size of coding operon, cost of biosynthesis, ease of expression control, and efficiency of energy production. This raises an intriguing question of whether a single bacterium has evolved the ability to perform these two types of phototrophy complementarily according to energy needs and environmental conditions. Here, we report four Tardiphaga sp. strains (Alphaproteobacteria) of monophyletic origin isolated from a high Arctic glacier in northeast Greenland (81.566° N, 16.363° W) that are at different evolutionary stages concerning phototrophy. Their >99.8% identical genomes contain footprints of horizontal operon transfer (HOT) of the complete gene clusters encoding BChl- and xanthorhodopsin (XR)-based dual phototrophy. Two strains possess only a complete XR operon, while the other two strains have both a photosynthesis gene cluster and an XR operon in their genomes. All XR operons are heavily surrounded by mobile genetic elements and are located close to a tRNA gene, strongly signaling that a HOT event of the XR operon has occurred recently. Mining public genome databases and our high Arctic glacial and soil metagenomes revealed that phylogenetically diverse bacteria have the metabolic potential of performing BChl- and rhodopsin-based dual phototrophy. Our data provide new insights on how bacteria cope with the harsh and energy-deficient environment in surface glacier, possibly by maximizing the capability of exploiting solar energy. IMPORTANCE Over the course of evolution for billions of years, bacteria that are capable of light-driven energy production have occupied every corner of surface Earth where sunlight can reach. Only two general biological systems have evolved in bacteria to be capable of net energy conservation via light harvesting: one is based on the pigment of (bacterio-)chlorophyll and the other is based on proton-pumping rhodopsin. There is emerging genomic evidence that these two rather different systems can coexist in a single bacterium to take advantage of their contrasting characteristics in the number of genes involved, biosynthesis cost, ease of expression control, and efficiency of energy production and thus enhance the capability of exploiting solar energy. Our data provide the first clear-cut evidence that such dual phototrophy potentially exists in glacial bacteria. Further public genome mining suggests this understudied dual phototrophic mechanism is possibly more common than our data alone suggested.

Performance Analysis of PV Systems: Case study of Palestine Technical University (PTUK) PV Plant

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-21
Author(s):  
Mahmoud Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Performance Analysis ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
The Other ◽  
Performance Ratio ◽  
Solar Irradiation ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Pv Systems ◽  
Science Building ◽  
University Buildings

Performance ratio is one of the indicators used to describe the effectiveness of the PV systems. The sustainability of the PV system year after year as well as its reliability can be checked by measuring the performance ratio each year. This indicator will also enable us to carry out a comparison between the performances of different PV systems. In this paper, the performance ratios for five PV systems installed on the roof tops of some of PTUK university buildings have been calculated on monthly and yearly basis. The analysis has been carried out using the available data (energy production and solar irradiation) for the year 2019. It was found that the performance ratio has higher values for May and September in comparison with other months. On the other hand, its lowest values were obtained in winter months. This trend can be observed for all of the PV clusters on the five buildings.  When taking into account the overall system, the highest value for the performance ratio was 0.89, which was for September, whereas its lowest value of 0.70 was obtained in January. The performance ratio, which was calculated on yearly basis for the overall system, was found to be 0.80. When considering each building separately, the lowest value was 0.44 for the “Services” building whereas the highest value was 0.94 for the Science building.

Renewable Energy Potential of Kazakhstan

2017 ◽  
Vol 379 ◽  
pp. 189-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anatoli Vakhguelt
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Solar Panel ◽  
Aral Sea ◽  
Solar Irradiation ◽  
Energy Harvest ◽  
Alternative Sources

2017 is the year when the capital of Kazakhstan Astana is hosting the EXPO2017 “Future Energy” conference. It is interesting to consider how Kazakhstan is developing renewable energy usage. Kazakhstan with its huge territory and not very large population is having great potential for renewable energy production. Most of the territory has sufficient amount for solar energy harvest and also large amount of area with high speed of wind, which has large potential to produce sufficient amount of wind energy. Areas such as Jungar Gates and Chylyk Corridor have a huge potential for the production of energy by wind turbines. The part of Kazakhstan between the Balkhash Lake and Aral Sea is not very populated due to shortage of water. At the same time this area has a very high level of solar irradiation. It is possible to harvest there a large amount of solar energy if it would have many solar panel arrays installed. The problem difficult to overcome would be the maintenance of these solar panel arrays due to low population and pure living conditions. There are at least two major reasons to go for renewable energy development in the country. First one – Kazakhstani leadership is looking into opportunities to change from a resource economy (it is one of the oil producing countries – it has more than 2% of the world oil reserve and many other resources) to a technology driven one. In this case resources will be used to produce different products. Due to that, one of the challenges is to move from fossil fuel driven energy production to alternative sources and the potential is there. Another stimulus is that Kazakhstan is the country which has joined to Kyoto protocol and Paris agreement. Thus, Kazakhstan tends to reduce greenhouse effect and also Kazakhstan is going towards the generation of energy from alternative sources. The government of the country is developing the legislation in direction to encourage producers and users to increase share of alternative sources for energy generation in Kazakhstan. It provides users with benefits if they supply energy produced by alternative sources to the grid with preferable rates.

scholarly journals Solar Irradiance Forecast Based on Cloud Movement Prediction

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (13) ◽  
pp. 3775
Author(s):  
Aleksander Radovan ◽  
Viktor Šunde ◽  
Danijel Kučak ◽  
Željko Ban
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
Solar Irradiance ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Prediction Method ◽  
System Optimization ◽  
Photovoltaic System ◽  
Solar Irradiation ◽  
Cloud Detection

Solar energy production based on a photovoltaic system is closely related to solar irradiance. Therefore, the planning of production is based on the prediction of solar irradiance. The optimal use of different energy storage systems requires an accurate prediction of solar irradiation with at least an hourly time horizon. In this work, a solar irradiance prediction method is developed based on the prediction of solar shading by clouds. The method is based on determining the current cloud position and estimating the velocity from a sequence of multiple images taken with a 180-degree wide-angle camera with a resolution of 5 s. The cloud positions for the next hour interval are calculated from the estimated current cloud position and velocity. Based on the cloud position, the percentage of solar overshadowing by clouds is determined, i.e., the solar overshadowing curve for the next hour interval is calculated. The solar irradiance is determined by normalizing the percentage of the solar unshadowing curve to the mean value of the irradiance predicted by the hydrometeorological institute for that hourly interval. Image processing for cloud detection and localization is performed using a computer vision library and the Java programming language. The algorithm developed in this work leads to improved accuracy and resolution of irradiance prediction for the next hour interval. The predicted irradiance curve can be used as a predicted reference for solar energy production in energy storage system optimization.

scholarly journals Performance Analysis of PV Systems: Case study of Palestine Technical University (PTUK) PV Plant

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-21
Author(s):  
Mahmoud Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Performance Analysis ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
The Other ◽  
Performance Ratio ◽  
Solar Irradiation ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Pv Systems ◽  
Science Building ◽  
University Buildings

Performance ratio is one of the indicators used to describe the effectiveness of the PV systems. The sustainability of the PV system year after year as well as its reliability can be checked by measuring the performance ratio each year. This indicator will also enable us to carry out a comparison between the performances of different PV systems. In this paper, the performance ratios for five PV systems installed on the roof tops of some of PTUK university buildings have been calculated on monthly and yearly basis. The analysis has been carried out using the available data (energy production and solar irradiation) for the year 2019. It was found that the performance ratio has higher values for May and September in comparison with other months. On the other hand, its lowest values were obtained in winter months. This trend can be observed for all of the PV clusters on the five buildings.  When taking into account the overall system, the highest value for the performance ratio was 0.89, which was for September, whereas its lowest value of 0.70 was obtained in January. The performance ratio, which was calculated on yearly basis for the overall system, was found to be 0.80. When considering each building separately, the lowest value was 0.44 for the “Services” building whereas the highest value was 0.94 for the Science building.

Model Statistika Prediksi Energi Surya Dengan Menggunakan Autoregresif Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA)

Jurnal MIPA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 181
Author(s):  
Imriani Moroki ◽  
Alfrets Septy Wauran
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
Moving Average ◽  
Arima Model ◽  
Solar Irradiation ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Good Design ◽  
Potential Sources ◽  
The Common

Energi terbarukan adalah salah satu masalah energi paling terkenal saat ini. Ada beberapa sumber potensial energi terbarukan. Salah satu energi terbarukan yang umum dan sederhana adalah energi matahari. Masalah besar ketersediaan energi saat ini adalah terbatasnya sumber energi konvensional seperti bahan bakar. Ini semua sumber energi memiliki banyak masalah karena memiliki jumlah energi yang terbatas. Penting untuk membuat model dan analisis berdasarkan ketersediaan sumber energi. Energi matahari adalah energi terbarukan yang paling disukai di negara-negara khatulistiwa saat ini. Tergantung pada produksi energi surya di daerah tertentu untuk memiliki desain dan analisis energi matahari yang baik. Untuk memiliki analisis yang baik tentang itu, dalam makalah ini kami membuat model prediksi energi surya berdasarkan data iradiasi matahari. Kami membuat model energi surya dan angin dengan menggunakan Metode Autoregresif Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA). Model ini diimplementasikan oleh R Studio yang kuat dari statistik. Sebagai hasil akhir, kami mendapatkan model statistik solar yang dibandingkan dengan data aktualRenewable energy is one of the most fomous issues of energy today. There are some renewable energy potential sources. One of the common n simple renewable energy is solar energy. The big problem of the availability of energy today is the limeted sources of conventional enery like fuel. This all energy sources have a lot of problem because it has a limited number of energy. It is important to make a model and analysis based on the availability of the energy sources. Solar energy is the most prefered renewable energy in equator countries today. It depends on the production of solar energy in certain area to have a good design and analysis of  the solar energy. To have a good analysis of it, in this paper we make a prediction model of solar energy based on the data of solar irradiation. We make the solar and wind enery model by using Autoregresif Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) Method. This model is implemented by R Studio that is a powerfull of statistical. As the final result, we got the statistical model of solar comparing with the actual data

scholarly journals Legitimating power: Solar energy rollout, sustainability metrics and transition politics

2021 ◽  
pp. 251484862110249
Author(s):  
Siddharth Sareen
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Political Ecology ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Solar Irradiation ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Sustainability Metrics ◽  
Energy Transitions

Increasing recognition of the irrefutable urgency to address the global climate challenge is driving mitigation efforts to decarbonise. Countries are setting targets, technological innovation is making renewable energy sources competitive and fossil fuel actors are leveraging their incumbent privilege and political reach to modulate energy transitions. As techno-economic competitiveness is rapidly reconfigured in favour of sources such as solar energy, governance puzzles dominate the research frontier. Who makes key decisions about decarbonisation based on what metrics, and how are consequent benefits and burdens allocated? This article takes its point of departure in ambitious sustainability metrics for solar rollout that Portugal embraced in the late 2010s. This southwestern European country leads on hydro and wind power, and recently emerged from austerity politics after the 2008–2015 recession. Despite Europe’s best solar irradiation, its big solar push only kicked off in late 2018. In explaining how this arose and unfolded until mid-2020 and why, the article investigates what key issues ambitious rapid decarbonisation plans must address to enhance social equity. It combines attention to accountability and legitimacy to offer an analytical framework geared at generating actionable knowledge to advance an accountable energy transition. Drawing on empirical study of the contingencies that determine the implementation of sustainability metrics, the article traces how discrete acts legitimate specific trajectories of territorialisation by solar photovoltaics through discursive, bureaucratic, technocratic and financial practices. Combining empirics and perspectives from political ecology and energy geographies, it probes the politics of just energy transitions to more low-carbon and equitable societal futures.

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