scholarly journals Digital imaging outperforms traditional scoring methods of spittlebug tolerance in Urochloa humidicola hybrids

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis M. Hernandez ◽  
Paula Espitia ◽  
Valheria Castiblanco ◽  
Juan A Cardoso
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Digital Imaging ◽  
Digital Images ◽  
Breeding Program ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
Plant Tolerance ◽  
Scoring Method ◽  
Plant Damage ◽  
Visual Scoring

AbstractAmerican spittlebug complex (Hemiptera: Cercopidae) is a critical pest for existing Urochloa humidicola cultivars in the neotropical savannas. The U. humidicola breeding program of the International Center for Tropical Agriculture aims to increase tolerance to spittlebugs. To develop U. humidicola genotypes with superior tolerance to spittlebugs than existing cultivars, adequate screening methods ought to be deployed. Currently, visual scores of plant damage by spittlebugs is the standard method to screen for variation in plant tolerance. However, visual scoring is prone to human bias, is of medium throughput and relies of the expertise of well-trained personnel. In this study, we compared estimations of plant damage from two alternative methods (SPAD measurements and digital images) and visual scoring from an inexpert evaluator with the plant damage estimated from an expert. This information should instruct if different methods could be implemented in the U. humidicola breeding program. Time needed to evaluate damage was recorded for each method. Lin’s correlation coefficient, Pearson’s correlation coefficient and broad sense heritability values were also calculated. Overall, damage estimated from digital images showed the highest throughput (twice as fast as visual scoring from an expert); high correlations with visual scoring (r > 0.80, p < 0.0001); and heritability values for plant damage as good or better (> 0.7) than those obtained by visual scoring from an expert. Our results indicate that digital imaging is a phenotyping method that might improve the efficiency of breeding for increased tolerance to spittlebugs in U. humidicola.HighlightDigital imaging outperformed standard scoring method of spittlebug tolerance in Urochloa humidicola, suggesting that this method might improve the efficiency of breeding for such stress.

scholarly journals Screening and dotting virtual slides: A new challenge for cytotechnologists

CytoJournal ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walid E. Khalbuss ◽  
Jackie Cuda ◽  
Ioan C. Cucoranu
Keyword(s):  
Digital Imaging ◽  
Digital Images ◽  
Imaging Modality ◽  
Virtual Slide ◽  
Current User ◽  
Digital Display ◽  
Whole Slide Imaging ◽  
Image Viewer ◽  
Virtual Slides ◽  
Glass Slides

Digital images are increasingly being used in cytopathology. Whole-slide imaging (WSI) is a digital imaging modality that uses computerized technology to scan and convert entire cytology glass slides into digital images that can be viewed on a digital display using the image viewer software. Digital image acquisition of cytology glass slides has improved significantly over the years due to the use of liquid-based preparations and advances in WSI scanning technology such as automatic multipoint pre-scan focus technology or z-stack scanning technology. Screening cytotechnologists are responsible for every cell that is present on an imaged slide. One of the challenges users have to overcome is to establish a technique to review systematically the entire imaged slide and to dot selected abnormal or significant findings. The scope of this article is to review the current user interface technology available for virtual slide navigation when screening digital slides in cytology. WSI scanner vendors provide tools, built into the image viewer software that allow for a more systematic navigation of the virtual slides, such as auto-panning, keyboard-controlled slide navigation and track map. Annotation tools can improve communication between the screener and the final reviewer or can be used for education. The tracking functionality allows recording of the WSI navigation process and provides a mechanism for confirmation of slide coverage by the screening cytotechnologist as well as a useful tool for quality assurance. As the WSI technology matures, additional features and tools to support navigation of a cytology virtual slide are anticipated.

Generative Learning Model to Teach Adult Learners Digital Imagery

2011 ◽  
pp. 357-364
Author(s):  
Maria H.Z. Kish
Keyword(s):  
Adult Learners ◽  
Web Sites ◽  
Digital Imaging ◽  
Digital Images ◽  
Digital Imagery ◽  
Design Concepts ◽  
Software Packages ◽  
Duquesne University ◽  
Adobe Photoshop ◽  
University Course

Adults learning about digital imagery or digital imaging software to create and manipulate images for personal and professional purposes is increasingly popular. Since 2001, the Duquesne University course, Digital Imagery for Teachers, has been taught to adults who teach or present to other adults or children. The course focuses on helping participants create and edit digital images, create and animate illustrations in movies, and implement design concepts for creating Web sites for their own students. The software packages used are Adobe Photoshop, Macromedia Flash, and Macromedia Dreamweaver.

Digital Imaging Exposure-Time Optimisation of Tripod-Camera Vibrating Systems Based on MTF

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giulio Fanti ◽  
Roberto Basso
Keyword(s):  
Image Quality ◽  
Exposure Time ◽  
Digital Image ◽  
Digital Imaging ◽  
Digital Images ◽  
Noise Sources ◽  
Initial Analysis ◽  
Vibrating System ◽  
Time Optimization ◽  
Vibrating Systems

The problem of exposure-time optimization in digital images acquired by a tripod-camera vibrating system is examined in this paper and an initial analysis is presented. The different noise sources concerning both the acquisition sensor in the camera and external vibrations were studied and quantified in some specific cases. The digital image quality is then discussed in terms of the MTF function evaluated at 50% level in order to define what the optimum ranges of exposure-times are.

scholarly journals Csontkor – a csontrendszeri érettség mérésének lehetősége EOS készülékkel

2019 ◽  
Vol 160 (16) ◽  
pp. 619-628
Author(s):  
Ian O’Sullivan ◽  
Ádám Tibor Schlégl ◽  
Péter Varga ◽  
Kamilla Kerekes ◽  
Csaba Vermes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Iliac Crest ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Cervical Vertebra ◽  
Bone Age ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Spearman Correlation ◽  
Age Assessment ◽  
Normal Individuals ◽  
Bone Age Assessment

Abstract: Introduction: Hand and wrist bone age assessment methods cannot be performed when using the recommended patient position within the EOS scanner. Aim: We aimed to assess alternative methods for use with the EOS. Method: After investigating 9 alternatives, five methods were selected – cervical vertebra (Hassel–Farman), iliac crest (Risser ‘plus’), hip (Oxford), knee (O’Connor), calcaneus (Nicholson) – and applied to EOS scans of 114, 2–21-year-old normal individuals. Intraclass correlation coefficient tests for reliability and Spearman correlation with calendar age were assessed. Results: Intra- and interobserver reliabilities were all excellent, except with the knee method (0.865 – ‘good’). Calcaneal and cervical methods were the fastest to apply (mean 17.5 s, 33.4 s per evaluation), however, calcanei were unassessable in 14% of scans (versus 1% of cervical). All methods correlated significantly with calendar age (r>0.829, p<0.05). Difficulties were principally absent (12%) or obscured (23%) landmarks. Conclusion: Bone age assessment is possible with all 5 methods, however, the Hassel–Farman method proved to be easily useable, fast and reliable. Orv Hetil. 2019; 160(16): 619–628.

Digital Imaging for Photographic Collections: Foundations for Technical Standard

2000 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin Dale
Keyword(s):  
Image Quality ◽  
Digital Imaging ◽  
Digital Images ◽  
National Endowment ◽  
Technical Standard ◽  
Digital Form ◽  
Project Report

The goal of this project report, sponsored by The National Endowment for the Humanities, Division of Preservation and Access, is “to offer some guidance to libraries, archives, and museums in their efforts to convert photographic collections to digital form.” To date, there are no standards for measuring the quality of digital images created from photographs. Therefore, this report is primarily concerned with developing tools to measure image quality. Other technical and managerial issues related to digital imaging projects in general are also addressed.

Hematopoietic Colony Forming Unit: Development of a High-Throughput CFU Assay Strategy by the Use of High-Resolution Digital Images Stored in a Laboratory Information System.

Blood ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 112 (11) ◽  
pp. 2306-2306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria S Albano ◽  
William Rothman ◽  
Chiseko Watanabe ◽  
Anna Gora ◽  
Andromachi Scaradavou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
Digital Imaging ◽  
Digital Images ◽  
Imaging System ◽  
Information Management System ◽  
Traditional Classification ◽  
New Strategy ◽  
One Step ◽  
Computer Based

Abstract Background: Umbilical Cord Blood (CB) is an increasingly accepted graft source for patients lacking related donors. Graft characteristics currently used as determinants of quality and engraftment potential of CB units include the enumeration of Total Nucleated Cell (TNC), CD34+ and Colony Forming Units (CFU). Among those, the 14 day-CFU assay is the only one that determines the functional state as well as the number of hematopoietic progenitor cells. Thus, CFU in pre and post cryopreservation/thawing specimens are strong independent predictors of CB graft engraftment. Traditionally, evaluation of CFU growth is performed by light microscopy (traditional classification), is time consuming, subjective and difficult to standardize. Aims: A) To evaluate whether the incorporation of high-resolution digital imaging and colony staining could make reading the traditional CFU assay objective and readily standardizable. B) To validate the new strategy vs traditional classification. C) To develop a computer based laboratory information management system (LIMS) to support high-throughput CFU assay. Methods and Results: After 14 days of CB culture (CFU assay-Stem Cell Technologies), an image of the 35 mm culture dishes was captured using a high-resolution photographic camera based digital imaging system, which achieves a resolution of 7.6 μM per pixel and thus, allows a clear view of all colonies in the dish with their barcoded IDs. A short one-step staining with MTT (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) allows an even better definition of CFU-GM/E; CFU-GM and CFU-E by bestowing a specific color on each type (dark purple, purple and red respectively) against a uniformly clear background. A good correlation was observed after comparison of the new strategy against traditional enumeration (R2 linear= 0.95; n= 122 culture dishes evaluated). Low variation was observed after 151 cultures were independently classified and enumerated by three different operators (CV%= 8.9; range 1–27%). Sample plating introduced variation of the CFU assay, in an experiment where nine CB samples were evaluated by multiple plating (Intra-assay CV%= 21.9 %; range 3.4–34.5% and Inter-assay CV%= 23.3%; range 12.6–35%). A computer based laboratory information (LIMS) was developed to store all culture dishes, linked by unique barcoded ID labels to a specific CB unit, and including CB image, incubator location, plating and counting dates, as well as detailed colony enumeration. This system has been used for 5 months in our laboratory and more than 3,000 CB units have been tested in duplicate (average: 30 CB/day). Images of an average of 60 culture dishes and MTT staining can be performed in less than two hours. The specific coloration of CFU colonies allows faster classification and enumeration and thus, permits a more precise analysis of CFU colonies and its relation with CD34+ cell content and post-transplant engraftment. Summary: With this new strategy, CFU can be objectively visualized, differentiated and counted; the digital images can be stored for future review and refined classification. The described system provides computerized information on optical assay parameters and has become an invaluable tool supporting high-throughput implementation. Thus, the combination of high resolution imaging, one-step staining and the traditional CFU assay overcome most technical challenges of the conventional method, supporting standardization and yielding high reproducibility to the assay which can be easily implemented in CB banks where large numbers of samples need to be tested daily.

The Importance of Gamma Correction in the Acquisition, Display and Hardcoy of Digital Images

1997 ◽  
Vol 3 (S2) ◽  
pp. 343-344
Author(s):  
John M. Mackenzie
Keyword(s):  
Digital Imaging ◽  
Digital Images ◽  
Gamma Correction ◽  
Critical Problem ◽  
Linear Portion ◽  
Gamma Functions ◽  
Recorded Image ◽  
Log Linear ◽  
Logarithmic Functions

Digital imaging is replacing conventional photography in many applications. As the quality of digital images improves, more applications for this technology will be found. This talk will examine the importance of gamma correction in digital imaging.Although many researchers believe that digital imaging will soon replace photography, it is probably more correct to think of digital imaging as an enhancement to photography. The most critical problem with translating our knowledge of photography to digital imaging is that photography operates exclusively via logarithmic functions. The exposure versus density curves common to photography have an x axis that is logarithmic. The development curves for film and paper are also logarithmic. The slope of the log-linear portion of this curve is designated gamma. All operations normally performed in the darkroom whether processing film or prints manipulate the gamma functions to achieve the best recorded image. The first rule that should be obvious is that every image has a different optimal gamma and every different image medium (whether graded photographic paper or the density of print on a digital image printer) will change that optimal gamma.

Comparison of remote and in-person tutorials of color appearance phenomena

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (29) ◽  
pp. 387-393
Author(s):  
Dorukalp Durmus
Keyword(s):  
Science Education ◽  
Digital Imaging ◽  
Human Visual System ◽  
Color Appearance ◽  
Imaging Systems ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Color Experience ◽  
Color Science ◽  
Digital Imaging Systems ◽  
The Difference

Accurately describing the effect of lighting on color appearance phenomena is critical for color science education. While it is ideal to conduct in-person tutorials to demonstrate the color appearance fundamentals, laboratory tutorials have been limited due to COVID-19. The limitation of in-person gatherings and the increase popularity of remote teaching help evoke alternative methods to demonstrate color appearance phenomena. Here, a remote tutorial method is described, and results are compared to in-person tutorials. While the remote tutorial had weaker result in representing observers' color experience compared to the in-person lab tutorial, remote demonstrations can be used to demonstrate and discuss the limitations of color imaging, and the difference between the human visual system and digital imaging systems.

Digital Imaging - a Web Based Exercise for Blood Cell and Bone Marrow Morphology as Part of a National Quality Assesment Scheme.

Blood ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 104 (11) ◽  
pp. 5301-5301
Author(s):  
Emma Wells ◽  
John Ardern ◽  
Michelle Brereton ◽  
Lois Hickman ◽  
John Burthem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Image Quality ◽  
Blood Cell ◽  
Quality Assessment ◽  
Digital Imaging ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Digital Images ◽  
External Quality Assessment ◽  
External Quality ◽  
Consensus Opinion ◽  
Static Images

Abstract Over the last four years we have undertaken a development program in collaboration with the UK National External Quality Assessment Scheme for Haematology NEQAS(H) to use internet-based teaching and digital photography to improve consensus opinion on haematological cellular morphology. We began with providing participants with a series of individual images of haematological blood cells to most recently, multiple ‘stitched’ images with tutorial based feedback on cell type and diagnosis. We present the results from a fourth internet-based blood cell morphology exercise. Participants were invited to visit the Central Manchester Laboratory website (www.manlab.co.uk) or the UKNEQAS (H) website to review a series of digital photographic images of blood cells. Volunteers to the exercise were able to call up images from a previously reported haematology case with complex morphology and report on their findings. Digital images were presented in three formats. The first provided twelve static images with expert morphological comment and participant’s consensus comments from the original national survey. The second part provided four static images with an interactive tutorial clearly identifying specific cell types and morphology of interest. The third component was a composite of nine individual images ‘Stitched’ together that allowed movement across the image and a zoom facility. Of 426 participants 128 (30%) returned results to UK NEQAS (H). Part 1: Over 90% of responders gave positive opinion regarding image quality, access to the website, presentation of expert opinion and agreed that the single images appropriately represented the morphological features of the case. Part 2: Over 95% responded positively to the educational value of the tutorial. Part 3: Of 128 responders, 34 were unable to download the software necessary to view the ‘Stitched’ image due their Trust’s internet policy. Of the remaining 94 responders, 90% found the image quality adequate and representative. A high proportion (71%) thought the ease of navigation and magnification offered by the Stitched image offered advantages over single static images and provided a better overview of morphology. The positive feedback from this exercise supports our intention to place digital images of the six annual UK NEQAS(H) blood film surveys on the internet. The problems of downloading stitched imaging software are to be addressed and there is ongoing development of stitching 40–100 single images into a virtual slide. A key role for external quality assessment schemes is to provide an educational service. The digital imaging procedure offers the opportunity to provide tutorial based learning to highlight interesting morphology and build up consensus opinion. The educational aspect of this is creating much interest and will provide a mechanism for continuing professional development of scientific and medical staff.

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