THE IMPACT OF EMOTIONS ON CHANGES IN THE CORRELATION COEFFICIENT BETWEEN DIGITAL IMAGES OF THE HUMAN FACE

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Bobkowska
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Digital Images ◽  
Human Face ◽  
The Impact

An Investigation of the Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Energy Consumption in the United States

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsey Kahn ◽  
Hamidreza Najafi
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
The United States ◽  
Annual Growth Rate ◽  
Total Consumption ◽  
The Usa ◽  
End Use ◽  
The Times ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Lockdown measures and mobility restrictions to combat the spread of COVID-19 have impacted energy consumption patterns. The overall decline of energy use during lockdown restrictions can best be identified through the analysis of energy consumption by source and end-use sectors. Using monthly energy consumption data, the total 9-months use between January and September for the years 2015–2020 is calculated for each end-use sector (transportation, industrial, residential, and commercial). The cumulative consumption within these 9 months of the petroleum, natural gas, biomass, and electricity energy by the various end-use sectors are compared. The analysis shows that the transportation sector experienced the greatest decline (14.38%). To further analyze the impact of COVID-19 on each state within the USA, the consumption of electricity by each state and each end-use sector in the times before and during the pandemic is used to identify the impact of specific lockdown procedures on energy use. The distinction of state-by-state analysis in this study provides a unique metric for consumption forecasting. The average total consumption for each state was found for the years 2015–2019. The total average annual growth rate (AAGR) for 2020 was used to find a correlation coefficient between COVID-19 case and death rate, population density, and lockdown duration. A correlation coefficient was also calculated between the 2020 AAGR for all sectors and AAGR for each individual end-user. The results show that Indiana had the highest percent reduction in consumption of 10.07% while North Dakota had the highest consumption increase of 7.61%. This is likely due to the amount of industrial consumption relative to other sectors in the state.

scholarly journals Reliability of Computerized Neurocognitive Tests for Concussion Assessment: A Meta-Analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (9) ◽  
pp. 826-833 ◽  
Author(s):  
James L. Farnsworth ◽  
Lucas Dargo ◽  
Brian G. Ragan ◽  
Minsoo Kang
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Intraclass Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Sampling Error ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Cognitive Testing ◽  
Test Duration ◽  
Neurocognitive Tests ◽  
The Impact

Objective:  Although widely used, computerized neurocognitive tests (CNTs) have been criticized because of low reliability and poor sensitivity. A systematic review was published summarizing the reliability of Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing (ImPACT) scores; however, this was limited to a single CNT. Expansion of the previous review to include additional CNTs and a meta-analysis is needed. Therefore, our purpose was to analyze reliability data for CNTs using meta-analysis and examine moderating factors that may influence reliability. Data Sources:  A systematic literature search (key terms: reliability, computerized neurocognitive test, concussion) of electronic databases (MEDLINE, PubMed, Google Scholar, and SPORTDiscus) was conducted to identify relevant studies. Study Selection:  Studies were included if they met all of the following criteria: used a test-retest design, involved at least 1 CNT, provided sufficient statistical data to allow for effect-size calculation, and were published in English. Data Extraction:  Two independent reviewers investigated each article to assess inclusion criteria. Eighteen studies involving 2674 participants were retained. Intraclass correlation coefficients were extracted to calculate effect sizes and determine overall reliability. The Fisher Z transformation adjusted for sampling error associated with averaging correlations. Moderator analyses were conducted to evaluate the effects of the length of the test-retest interval, intraclass correlation coefficient model selection, participant demographics, and study design on reliability. Heterogeneity was evaluated using the Cochran Q statistic. Data Synthesis:  The proportion of acceptable outcomes was greatest for the Axon Sports CogState Test (75%) and lowest for the ImPACT (25%). Moderator analyses indicated that the type of intraclass correlation coefficient model used significantly influenced effect-size estimates, accounting for 17% of the variation in reliability. Conclusions:  The Axon Sports CogState Test, which has a higher proportion of acceptable outcomes and shorter test duration relative to other CNTs, may be a reliable option; however, future studies are needed to compare the diagnostic accuracy of these instruments.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the impact of promotional campaign through a social networks on the key performance indicators of website for online of group-buying in Brazil

2016 ◽  
pp. 244
Author(s):  
I. А. Rodello ◽  
V. Dândolo ◽  
M. M. Grande
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Performance Indicators ◽  
Web Site ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Key Performance Indicators ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Group Buying ◽  
Promotional Campaign ◽  
The Impact

Relevance of the study: Based on data collection and analysis, present research made it possible to identify how the activities devised by a group-buying website on Facebook may exert influence on the KPIs for success.Purpose: The main task of present research is to answer the following question: can a digital social network be considered an effective tool for the improvement of key performance indicators (KPI) of a group-buying website?Findings: The research was conducted by considering data collected via mechanical observation using the computational tools Facebook Dashboard and Google Analytics. Data were analyzed using the means of comparison and a Pearson correlation coefficient, which demonstrated positive results of the campaign. When compared, the key performance indicators of the web site relating to Facebook displayed a larger dynamics than the general performance indicators of this web site. By the correlation coefficient, it was found that a higher power range of the Facebook Enterprise´s fan page could result in the increased traffic page hits of the examined web site, and an increase, mainly, in the number of new visitors.Originality / value: This paper analyzes some key performance indicators of a promotional campaign on Facebook for an online group-buying website in the city of Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo State, Brazil.Practical implications: Based on the collected data and performed analysis, it was found that the promotional activities on Facebook can increase the flow of new visitors and attract potential buyers to a group-buying website.Future research: It is recommended to perform further research for other social networks and in other countries.

scholarly journals Digital imaging outperforms traditional scoring methods of spittlebug tolerance in Urochloa humidicola hybrids

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis M. Hernandez ◽  
Paula Espitia ◽  
Valheria Castiblanco ◽  
Juan A Cardoso
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Digital Imaging ◽  
Digital Images ◽  
Breeding Program ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
Plant Tolerance ◽  
Scoring Method ◽  
Plant Damage ◽  
Visual Scoring

AbstractAmerican spittlebug complex (Hemiptera: Cercopidae) is a critical pest for existing Urochloa humidicola cultivars in the neotropical savannas. The U. humidicola breeding program of the International Center for Tropical Agriculture aims to increase tolerance to spittlebugs. To develop U. humidicola genotypes with superior tolerance to spittlebugs than existing cultivars, adequate screening methods ought to be deployed. Currently, visual scores of plant damage by spittlebugs is the standard method to screen for variation in plant tolerance. However, visual scoring is prone to human bias, is of medium throughput and relies of the expertise of well-trained personnel. In this study, we compared estimations of plant damage from two alternative methods (SPAD measurements and digital images) and visual scoring from an inexpert evaluator with the plant damage estimated from an expert. This information should instruct if different methods could be implemented in the U. humidicola breeding program. Time needed to evaluate damage was recorded for each method. Lin’s correlation coefficient, Pearson’s correlation coefficient and broad sense heritability values were also calculated. Overall, damage estimated from digital images showed the highest throughput (twice as fast as visual scoring from an expert); high correlations with visual scoring (r > 0.80, p < 0.0001); and heritability values for plant damage as good or better (> 0.7) than those obtained by visual scoring from an expert. Our results indicate that digital imaging is a phenotyping method that might improve the efficiency of breeding for increased tolerance to spittlebugs in U. humidicola.HighlightDigital imaging outperformed standard scoring method of spittlebug tolerance in Urochloa humidicola, suggesting that this method might improve the efficiency of breeding for such stress.

scholarly journals Effective Degrees of Freedom of the Pearson’s Correlation Coefficient under Autocorrelation

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soroosh Afyouni ◽  
Stephen M. Smith ◽  
Thomas E. Nichols
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Resting State Functional Connectivity ◽  
Pearson’S Correlation ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Human Connectome Project ◽  
Pearson's Correlation ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe dependence between pairs of time series is commonly quantified by Pearson’s correlation. However, if the time series are themselves dependent (i.e. exhibit temporal autocorrelation), the effective degrees of freedom (EDF) are reduced, the standard error of the sample correlation coefficient is biased, and Fisher’s transformation fails to stabilise the variance. Since fMRI time series are notoriously autocorrelated, the issue of biased standard errors – before or after Fisher’s transformation – becomes vital in individual-level analysis of resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) and must be addressed anytime a standardized Z-score is computed. We find that the severity of autocorrelation is highly dependent on spatial characteristics of brain regions, such as the size of regions of interest and the spatial location of those regions. We further show that the available EDF estimators make restrictive assumptions that are not supported by the data, resulting in biased rsFC inferences that lead to distorted topological descriptions of the connectome on the individual level. We propose a practical “xDF” method that accounts not only for distinct autocorrelation in each time series, but instantaneous and lagged cross-correlation. We find the xDF correction varies substantially over node pairs, indicating the limitations of global EDF corrections used previously. In addition to extensive synthetic and real data validations, we investigate the impact of this correction on rsFC measures in data from the Young Adult Human Connectome Project, showing that accounting for autocorrelation dramatically changes fundamental graph theoretical measures relative to no correction.

The Research for Microwave Modified Vermiculite Adsorption of Zn2+

2014 ◽  
Vol 809-810 ◽  
pp. 493-499
Author(s):  
Li Fang Bao ◽  
Chen Li Wang ◽  
Jin Chuan Gu ◽  
Sheng Zhong ◽  
Rui Wang
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Adsorption Isotherms ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Adsorption Equilibrium ◽  
Adsorption Rate ◽  
Absorption Mechanism ◽  
Initial Concentration ◽  
The Impact

The impact on the adsorption of Zn2+of these factors, initial concentration, modification time, reaction time vermiculite dosage, reaction temperature and pH having, and absorption mechanism are studied . The results show that: microwave modification time 30s, reaction time 40min, modified vermiculite dosage 8g/L, reaction temperature 30°C, reaction pH 6, Zn2+ adsorption rate can reach 97.91%, adsorption isotherms of Zn2+ by microwave modified vermiculite show that the adsorption equilibrium is consistent with Langmuir curves, correlation coefficient reached to 0.997 at room temperature.

Biplanar ascending opening-wedge high tibial osteotomy increases tibial tubercle–trochlear groove distance and decreases patellar height

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-20
Author(s):  
Alexandre Barbieri Mestriner ◽  
Jakob Ackermann ◽  
Gergo Merkely ◽  
Takahiro Ogura ◽  
Juan Pablo Zicaro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
High Tibial Osteotomy ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Patellar Height ◽  
Tibial Tubercle ◽  
Trochlear Groove ◽  
Tibial Osteotomy ◽  
Opening Wedge ◽  
Wedge High Tibial Osteotomy ◽  
The Impact

ObjectivesTo assess the impact of a biplanar ascending opening-wedge high tibial osteotomy (OWHTO) on the alignment of the knee extensor mechanism and patellar height using preoperative and postoperative MRI.MethodsMedical records of all patients submitted to ascending biplanar OWHTO between July 2008 and March 2017 were retrospectively assessed. Five parameters of the patellofemoral joint—tibial tubercle–trochlear groove distance (TT-TG), patellofemoral (PF) axial engagement index, lateral patellar tilt, Blackburne-Peel index (BPI) and Caton-Deschamps index (CDI)—were measured by two blinded independent observers on both preoperative and postoperative MRIs. Interobserver reliability was assessed with the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Paired t-test was performed to compare preoperative and postoperative measurements. The association of the amount of HTO opening and the assessed PF joint parameters was also investigated with Pearson correlation coefficient.Results26 patients who underwent ascending biplanar OWHTO were enrolled in this imaging analysis (63.4%) with a mean follow-up of 16.3 months (SD, 16.9). ICC for all measurements ranged between 73.3% and 89.3%. Postoperatively, TT-TG distance significantly increased by 2.0 mm±2.3 mm (p<0.001). Patellar height significantly decreased when evaluated by the BPI (p<0.001) and CDI (p=0.001). The amount of osteotomy opening significantly correlates with the postoperative BPI (p=0.023) and CDI (p=0.013).ConclusionThis study comprehensively reports significant increase on TT-TG distance after an ascending biplanar OWHTO using MRI. Small but significant decreases in patellar height were also observed and are correlated to the amount of axis correction.Level of evidenceLevel IV, retrospective case study.

scholarly journals Exogenous Testosterone Does Not Influence 11-Oxygenated C19 Steroid Concentrations in Healthy Postmenopausal Women

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 670-677 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan R Davis ◽  
Adina F Turcu ◽  
Penelope J Robinson ◽  
Robin J Bell
Keyword(s):  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Serum Testosterone Level ◽  
Controlled Clinical Trial ◽  
Spearman Rank Correlation ◽  
Testosterone Therapy ◽  
Spearman Rank ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Spearman Rank Correlation Coefficient

Abstract Context 11β-Hydroxyandrostenedione (11OHA4), 11β-hydroxytestosterone (11OHT), and their respective peripheral derivatives, 11-ketoandrostenedione (11KA4) and 11-ketotesosterone (11KT), have been implicated in androgen-related physiopathology. Little is known of these steroids in postmenopausal women or whether exogenous testosterone therapy influences their levels. Objective The impact of exogenous testosterone on serum levels of 11-oxygenated steroids was determined in healthy postmenopausal women. Participants and Methods Levels of 19-carbon (C19) steroids were measured by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry in serum obtained at baseline and at 12 and 26 weeks from 73 healthy postmenopausal women, aged 55 to 65 years, who participated in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial assessing the effects of transdermal testosterone on cognitive performance. Results Of the 11-oxygenated androgens, 11OHA4 was the most abundant (median, 6.46 nmol/L; range, 1.51 to 23.82 nmol/L), with concentrations several fold greater than its precursor androstenedione (median, 1.38 nmol/L; range, 0.52 to 2.92 nmol/L). Baseline median (range) testosterone and 11KT levels were similar [0.56 (0.23 to 1.48) nmol/L; 0.85 (0.25 to 2.86) nmol/L, respectively). 11OHT was closely correlated with 11KT (Spearman rank correlation coefficient, 0.79; P &lt; 0.001) and 11OHA4 correlated with 11KA4 (Spearman rank correlation coefficient, 0.73; P &lt; 0.001). Testosterone therapy resulted in an increase in serum testosterone level, whereas all 11-oxygenated androgens remained unchanged throughout the 26 weeks of treatment. Conclusion After menopause, the adrenal production of 11-oxygenated derivatives of androstenedione and testosterone contributes importantly to the total circulating androgen pool. Exogenous testosterone does not influence the circulating levels 11-oxygenated C19 steroids.

MRD-Detection by Multiparametric Flow Cytometry in Childhood Precursor B-Cell All:Predictive Impact of Early Blast Reduction Kinetics in Peripheral Blood (PB) on MRD-Level in Bone Marrow (BM) at Day 33 of the All-BFM2000 Potocol.

Blood ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 104 (11) ◽  
pp. 987-987
Author(s):  
Richard Ratei ◽  
Mathilde Martin ◽  
Guiseppe Basso ◽  
Guiseppe Gaipa ◽  
Martin Schrappe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Phase I ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Induction Therapy ◽  
Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
Induction Phase ◽  
Spearman Correlation ◽  
Multiparametric Flow Cytometry ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Detection of minimal residual disease in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) has been proven to be of crucial importance for relapse prediction. However, MRD assessment, usually performed at postinduction time points, does not allow early stratification of induction therapy. Here, we address the predictive impact of early blast reduction in pB on BM MRD-levels at the end of induction therapy phase I (d33), quantified by multiparametric flow cytometry (MFC-MRD). Absolute blast cell counts (BCC, blasts/μl) in pB at diagnosis and day 8 as well as MRD-levels in BM and pB at day 15 and 33 were determined in a series of 77 consecutive patients (pts.) enrolled in the AIEOP-BFM-FCM-MRD pilot study (BM d33:MRD+ n=29, MRD- n=48). Blast cells were detected using a two platform method and a 4-color antibody panel with three follow-up tubes:1) CD20-FITC/CD10-PE/CD34-PC5/CD19-PC7, 2) CD58-FITC/CD10-PE/ CD34-PC5/CD19-PC7, 3) CD10-FITC/CD11a-PE/CD45-PC5/CD19-PC7. Additionally, staining with the cell permeant live-cell nucleic acid fluorochrome SYTO 16 combined with CD19 or CD3 and CD45 were used to exclude residual non-nucleated erythroid cells, platelets or debris from absolute blast calculations. We found that BCC in BM and pB at d15 but not at diagnosis and after prednisone prephase at day 8 correlated with MRD-levels in BM at d33 (Spearman correlation coefficient rs=0.41, p<0.001 and rs=0,30, p<0,01). In order to further investigate the impact of early blast reduction between day 0 and day 8 we calculated the relative blast reduction rate on day 8 (BRRd8 = 1-BCCd8/BCCd0). In the group of MRD-negative patients the mean values of BRRd8 were found to be significantly higher than in the group of MRD-positive pts. (98,9% vs. 88,0%, p< 0,05). Moreover, the BRRd8 correlated with MRD-levels in BM at day 33 (Spearman correlation coefficient rs=−0.25, p<0.05). In the current series of pts. maximally selected log-rank statistics were performed for the BRRd8 and the MRD-level in BM at d33 and provided a cut-off value of 97% separating MRD-positive and MRD-negative pts. In conclusion, the assessment of the dynamics of early blast reduction with the parameter of BRRd8 is highly predictive for the outcome of induction phase I of the ALL-BFM2000 protocol.

Comparison of the Predictive Value of MRD and PVA Score in Pediatric ALL.

Blood ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 112 (11) ◽  
pp. 1520-1520
Author(s):  
Anja Troeger ◽  
Gabriele Escherich ◽  
Udo zur Stadt ◽  
M. L Den Boer ◽  
Rob Pieters ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Genetic Alterations ◽  
Relevant Parameter ◽  
Response To Chemotherapy ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Early identification of patients (pts) at risk for relapse allows for development of risk-adapted treatment strategies, thus steadily improving the outcome in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Besides classic prognostic factors such as age, initial leukocyte count (WBC), genetic alterations and the immune phenotype, the so called PVA Score, summarizing the in vitro resistance of blasts against prednisone, vincristine and asparaginase, has been applied for treatment stratification in the CoALL protocol, a German multicenter study for children with ALL. Over the past years it has become increasingly clear that the in vivo response to chemotherapy assessed by detection of residual malignant cells (MRD) by PCR technique can be predictive of prognosis. Here we compare for the first time the relevance of in vitro (PVA Score) and in vivo (MRD) treatment response in a large cohort of 275 children with ALL, age 1–17 years, uniformly treated according to the CoALL protocols 05–92 to 07–03. Children with B cell precursor ALL (BCP-ALL) and T-ALL were analyzed separately. Bone marrow samples of 160 children with BCP-ALL and of 115 T-ALL pts diagnosed between 1992–2005 were prospectively assessed for PVA Score at diagnosis and MRD levels at day (d) 15, 29 and 43 after informed consent was obtained from the parents or legal guardians at the time of enrolment. Of note, 7 of the BCP-ALL and 14 of the T-ALL pts with late morphological response were excluded from analysis. Overall median MRD levels in BCP-ALL pts (MRDd15: 6×10e-4; MRDd29: 2×10e-5) were one log lower than in T-ALL (MRDd15: 9×10e-3; MRDd29: 3×10e-4). We detected no association between PVA Score and MRD level in BCP-ALL (correlation coefficient: r=0.15; p=0.15) and only a weak correlation in T-ALL pts (correlation coefficient: r=0.43; p=0.0003). When assessing the impact of the PVA Score on relapse free survival (RFS), in BCP-ALL only score 3+4 (good response) vs. 8+9 (poor response) was prognostically relevant (RFS 0.86±0.05 vs. 0.59±0.12; p=0.03), whereas in T-ALL no significant difference between these subgroups was found (RFS 0.71±0.1 vs. 0.68±0.1; p=0.62). In multivariate analysis PVA Score 3+4 vs. 8+9 remained the most relevant parameter for RFS in BCP-ALL (p=0.05) when compared to age and initial WBC. However, MRD levels were of even higher predictive power, especially at later time points: MRD negativity at d29 in BCP-ALL identified pts with significantly superior RFS (RFS MRD neg.: 0.9±0.05 vs. pos.: 0.7±0.05; p=0.003) and low MRD levels indicated a favorable outcome in T-ALL (RFS MRD &lt;10e-3: 0.89±0.05 vs. MRD &gt;10e-3: 0.68±0.07; p=0.001). Moreover, both BCP-ALL and T-ALL pts characterized by MRD levels &gt;10e-3 on d43 exhibited a poor outcome (RFS BCP-ALL: 0.42±0.17; RFS T-ALL: 0.47±0.14). MRD remained an independent marker in multivariate analysis including initial WBC and age, both in BCP- (MRDd29: p=0.006; MRDd43: p=0.001) and T-ALL (MRDd29: p=0.003; MRDd43: p=0.015). By multivariate analysis, in T-ALL low MRD levels on d29 predicted superior RFS independently from the PVA Score (MRD: p=0.002 vs. PVA: p=0.09), whereas in BPC-ALL these parameters were not completely independent from each other at that early time point (MRD: p= 0.059 vs. PVA: p= 0.063) but became independent at d43 (MRD: p= 0.018 vs. PVA: p= 0.253). While the predictive value of the PVA Score was limited to BCP-ALL, MRD was an independent prognostic marker for both BCP- and T-ALL and reliably identified pts at low and high risk for relapse.

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