scholarly journals A Healthy Buildings Guideline for the COVID-19 Pandemic and Beyond

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clifford Federspiel
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Northern Hemisphere ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Social Activity ◽  
Hand Washing ◽  
Risk Of Infection ◽  
Airborne Transmission ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Health Experts

AbstractPublic health experts have confirmed that airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) is one of the primary mechanisms of infection (CDC, 2020). In addition to social distancing, mask wearing and hand washing, experts now recommend increasing the ventilation and filtration of indoor air. While there is widespread consensus on this general approach, to date there are no published guidelines for the levels of ventilation, filtration, etc. that are required to control the pandemic. This is an urgent concern because colder weather in the Northern Hemisphere has moved social activity indoors where the risk of infection is higher.

scholarly journals EFEKTIVITAS CUCI TANGAN MENGGUNAKAN SABUN SEBAGAI UPAYA PENCEGAHAN INFEKSI : TINJAUAN LITERATUR

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 19-33
Author(s):  
Rendi Ariyanto Sinanto ◽  
Sitti Nur Djannah
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Hand Hygiene ◽  
Hand Washing ◽  
Risk Of Infection ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Prevention Of Infection ◽  
The Government

Indonesia is a country that aggressively promotes public health, the government has launched a program of washing hands with soap that is useful to improve hygiene so as to avoid disease. The purpose of this study is to find out how effective hand washing with soap / hand hygiene is in preventing infection. This research was conducted on 3 to 10 July 2020 using the literature review method. The study was conducted on an article on http://garuda.ristekdikti.go.id published between 2015 and 2020. The results showed that washing hands with soap / hand hygiene in preventing infections was very effective, it was proven that washing hands with soap can reduce the risk of infection. Washing hands with soap is a pillar of community-based total sanitation, which includes six steps of hand washing. The use of hand sanitizers and soaps can reduce the number of bacterial colonies on the hands, and sanitizers that contain 70% alcohol are very effective in reducing the number of germs. Keywords: CTPS, hand washing, hand hygiene, prevention of infection.

scholarly journals COVID-19 in Iran: the Good, the Bad, and the Ugly Strategies for Preparedness – A Report From the Field

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morteza Arab-Zozani ◽  
Djavad Ghoddoosi-Nejad
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Seasonal Influenza ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Hand Washing ◽  
Social Awareness ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Preventive Actions ◽  
The World ◽  
First Onset ◽  
Successful Control

ABSTRACT The emergence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a novel unknown virus that is challenging whole countries all over the world, has prompted different strategies from various governments. Iran, as one of the first countries to experience the onset of the virus outbreak, made and implemented some policies that should be assessed, so that lessons may be learned for the future. Although some negative actions and policies, such as delays in cancellation of international flights especially from China, not taking the disease seriously and comparing it with seasonal influenza, and the like, are hard to ignore, some impressive actions are also vividly clear. Policies, such as social distancing, dramatically increasing social awareness about preventive actions in terms of public health, and using masks and hand washing, were cost-effective policies that resulted in successful control of the virus in the first onset. While some quite clearly ineffective decisions were made by Iranian authorities, the huge catastrophic effect of sanctions cannot be forgotten. Possibly in level situations with similar countries, Iran will have far better results regarding preparedness for future pandemics like COVID-19.

Analytic-Thinking Predicts Hoax Beliefs and Helping Behaviors in Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Stanley ◽  
Paul Seli ◽  
Nathaniel Barr ◽  
KELLY PETERS
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Death Rate ◽  
The United States ◽  
Public Health Emergency ◽  
Hand Washing ◽  
Analytic Thinking ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Change Behavior ◽  
Global Pandemic

The coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak was labeled a global pandemic by the WHO in March of 2020. During that same month, the number of confirmed cases and the death rate grew exponentially in the United States, creating a serious public-health emergency. Unfortunately, many Americans dismissed the pandemic as a hoax and failed to properly engage in helpful behaviors like social-distancing and increased hand-washing. Here, we examine a disposition—willingness to engage in analytic-thinking—that might predict beliefs that the pandemic is a hoax and failures to change behavior in positive ways. Our results indicate that individuals less willing to engage effortful, deliberative, and reflective cognitive processes were more likely to believe the pandemic was a hoax, and less likely to have recently engaged in social-distancing and hand-washing. We discuss the implications of these results for understanding and addressing the COVID-19 pandemic.

Analytic-Thinking Predicts Hoax Beliefs and Helping Behaviors in Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Stanley ◽  
Nathaniel Barr ◽  
KELLY PETERS ◽  
Paul Seli
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Death Rate ◽  
The United States ◽  
Public Health Emergency ◽  
Hand Washing ◽  
Analytic Thinking ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Change Behavior ◽  
Global Pandemic

The coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak was labeled a global pandemic by the WHO in March of 2020. During that same month, the number of confirmed cases and the death rate grew exponentially in the United States, creating a serious public-health emergency. Unfortunately, many Americans dismissed the pandemic as a hoax and failed to properly engage in helpful behaviors like social-distancing and increased hand-washing. Here, we examine a disposition—willingness to engage in analytic-thinking—that might predict beliefs that the pandemic is a hoax and failures to change behavior in positive ways. Our results indicate that individuals less willing to engage effortful, deliberative, and reflective cognitive processes were more likely to believe the pandemic was a hoax, and less likely to have recently engaged in social-distancing and hand-washing. We discuss the implications of these results for understanding and addressing the COVID-19 pandemic.

scholarly journals Do COVID-19 Conspiracy Theory Beliefs Form a Monological Belief System?

2020 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 319-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanne M. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Belief System ◽  
Conspiracy Theory ◽  
School Life ◽  
Conspiracy Theories ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Home Work ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Health Experts

Along with criticisms of the U.S. government's response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the disruptions to home, work, and school life resulting from social distancing orders recommended by public health experts, as well as the uncertainty about how long the disruptions will be necessary and when (if ever) we will have a vaccine, have come COVID-19 conspiracy theories (CTs).

Adherence to Social-Distancing and Personal Hygiene Behavior Guidelines and Risk of COVID-19 Diagnosis: Evidence From the Understanding America Study

2022 ◽  
Vol 112 (1) ◽  
pp. 169-178
Author(s):  
Theresa Andrasfay ◽  
Qiao Wu ◽  
Haena Lee ◽  
Eileen M. Crimmins
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
The United States ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Cox Models ◽  
Additional Risk ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Hygiene Behavior ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Health Experts

Objectives. To assess the association between individual-level adherence to social-distancing and personal hygiene behaviors recommended by public health experts and subsequent risk of COVID-19 diagnosis in the United States. Methods. Data are from waves 7 through 26 (June 10, 2020–April 26, 2021) of the Understanding America Study COVID-19 survey. We used Cox models to assess the relationship between engaging in behaviors considered high risk and risk of COVID-19 diagnosis. Results. Individuals engaging in behaviors indicating lack of adherence to social-distancing guidelines, especially those related to large gatherings or public interactions, had a significantly higher risk of COVID-19 diagnosis than did those who did not engage in these behaviors. Each additional risk behavior was associated with a 9% higher risk of COVID-19 diagnosis (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.09; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.05, 1.13). Results were similar after adjustment for sociodemographic characteristics and local infection rates. Conclusions. Personal mitigation behaviors appear to influence the risk of COVID-19, even in the presence of social factors related to infection risk. Public Health Implications. Our findings emphasize the importance of individual behaviors for preventing COVID-19, which may be relevant in contexts with low vaccination. (Am J Public Health. 2022;112(1):169–178. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2021.306565 )

scholarly journals Partisan polarization and resistance to elite messages: Results from survey experiments on social distancing

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Syon P. Bhanot ◽  
Daniel J. Hopkins
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
Online Surveys ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Partisan Polarization ◽  
Survey Experiments ◽  
Party Decline ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Health Experts

COVID-19 compelled government officials in the U.S. and elsewhere to institute social distancing policies, shuttering much of the economy. At a time of low trust and high polarization, Americans may only support such disruptive policies when recommended by same-party politicians. A related concern is that some may resist advice from “elite” sources such as government officials or public health experts. We test these possibilities using novel data from two online surveys with embedded experiments conducted with approximately 2,000 Pennsylvania residents each, in spring 2020 (Study 1 in April and Study 2 in May-June). We uncover partisan differences in views on several coronavirus-related policies, which grew larger between surveys. Yet overall, Study 1 respondents report strong support for social distancing policies and high trust in medical experts. Moreover, an experiment in Study 1 finds no evidence of reduced support for social distancing policies when advocated by elites, broadly defined. A second experiment in Study 2 finds no backlash for a policy described as being backed by public health experts, but a cross-party decline in support for the same policy when backed by government officials. This suggests that, in polarized times, public health experts might be better advocates for collectively beneficial public policies during public health crises than government officials.

scholarly journals Don’t abandon your mask (and other public health measures) quite yet.

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (S5) ◽  
pp. 4-6
Author(s):  
R. Amour Forse ◽  
Anthony O. Obinna ◽  
Manish Singh
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Hand Washing ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
The Public ◽  
Health Measures ◽  
Long Time

With the implementation of Covid-19 vaccines there has been a sence to be less vigulent with the public health measures, such as masks, social distancing, quarantee, and hand washing. Historically these measures have been around for a long time. During that time and recntly they have been very effective. Based on these observations, healthcare professionals should not abdondon them but make them an important part of their daily regime.

scholarly journals The Relationship Between COVID-19 Infection and Risk Perception, Knowledge, Attitude As Well As Four Non-pharmaceutical Interventions (NPIs) During the Late Period Of The COVID-19 Epidemic In China – An Online Cross-sectional Survey of 8158 Adults

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Xu ◽  
Yong Gan ◽  
Daikun Zheng ◽  
Bo Wu ◽  
Xian Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Risk Perception ◽  
Positive Attitude ◽  
Hand Washing ◽  
The Other ◽  
Risk Of Infection ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Reduced Risk ◽  
Pharmaceutical Interventions

AbstractBackgroundSo far, there has been no published population study on the relationship between COVID-19 infection and public’s risk perception, information source, knowledge, attitude and four non-pharmaceutical interventions(NPI: hand washing, proper coughing habits, social distancing and mask wearing) during the COVID-19 outbreak in China.MethodsAn online survey of 8158 Chinese adults between 22 February to 5 March 2020 was conducted. Bivariate associations between categorical variables were examined using Fisher exact test. We also explored the determinants of four NPIs as well as their association with COVID-19 infection using logistic regression.ResultsOf 8158 adults included, 57 (0.73%) were infected with COVID-19. The overwhelming majority of respondents showed a positive attitude (99.2%), positive risk perception (99.9%) and high knowledge levels that were among the strongest predictors of four highly adopted NPIs (hand washing:96.8%; proper coughing: 93.1%; social distancing:87.1%; mask wearing:97.9%). There was an increased risk of COVID-19 infection for those who not washing hands (2.28% vs 0.65%; RR=3.53: 95%CI: 1.53-8.15; P<0.009); not practicing proper coughing (1.79% vs 0.73%; RR=2.44: 95%CI: 1.15-5.15;P=0.026); not practicing social distancing (1.52% vs 0.58%; RR=2.63:95%CI:1.48 – 4.67; P=0.002); and not wearing a mask (7.41% vs 0.6%; RR=12.38:95%CI:5.81-26.36; P<0.001). For those who did practice all other three NPIs, wearing mask was associated with significantly reduced risk of infection compared to those who did not wear a mask (0.6% vs 16.7%; p=0.035). Similarly, for those who did not practice all or part of the other three NPIs, wearing mask was also associated with significantly reduced risk of infection. In a penalised logistic regression model including all four NPIs, wearing a mask was the only significant predictor of COVID-19 infection among four NPIs (OR=7.20; 95%CI:2.24-23.11; p<0.001).ConclusionsWe found high levels of risk perception, positive attitude, desirable knowledge as well as a high level of adopting four NPIs. The relevant knowledge, risk perception and attitude were strong predictors of adapting the four NPIs. Mask wearing, among four personal NPIs, was the most effective protective measure against COVID-19 infection with added preventive effect among those who practised all or part of the other three NPIs.

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