scholarly journals Renal Involvement in Patients with COVID-19 Pneumonia and Outcomes After Stem Cell Nebulization

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gina M. Torres Zambrano ◽  
Carlos A. Villegas Valverde ◽  
Antonio Bencomo Hernández ◽  
Lobna Abdel Hadi ◽  
Rene Antonio Rivero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Hospital Stay ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Abu Dhabi ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
List Type ◽  
Early Recovery ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic presented an unprecedented challenge to identify effective drugs for prevention and treatment.ObjectiveTo characterize acute renal injury (AKI) in patients with COVID-19 and their relation with clinical outcomes within the framework of the SENTAD COVID clinical trial at the Abu Dhabi Stem Cells Center.MethodsAbu Dhabi Stem Cell Center (ADSCC) proposed a prospective clinical trial nebulization treatment with autologous stem cells (Non-Hematopoietic Peripheral Blood Stem Cells (NHPBSC)), at Abu Dhabi hospitals.Participants20 treated patients were compared with 23 not treated patients. Both groups received COVID 19 standard treatment.OutcomesAfter the results were collected, this study was created to determine the impact of the disease on the renal function and the efficacy of the therapy on patient’s outcomes.ResultsOne third of the critical patients studied suffered kidney failure. Patients in the treated group showed a favorable tendency to improve in contrast to those in the control group. Less patients from group A suffered from sepsis in comparison with the group B (25% vs 65%), HR=0.38, (95% Confidence Interval: 0.16 – 0.86), *p=0.0212. These results suggested a NNT=2.5. An improvement in lymphocyte count, CRP, and shorter hospital stay after treatment was evidenced, which led to less superinfection and sepsis in the treated group.ConclusionsThe proposed anti-inflammatory effect of the stem cells, offers a great promise for managing the illness, emerging as a crucial adjuvant tool in promoting healing and early recovery in severe COVID-19 infections and other supportive treatments.ARTICLE SUMMARYOur study had several strengths and limitation: It was a randomized trial.The treatment showed a positive result, providing evidence that this intervention is effective in routine practice.We found fewer complications related to prolonged hospital stay in the treated group.The is the small number of participants.It was carried out in 4 different hospitals, each with different criteria for the selection of the initial empirical antimicrobials, which can cause multiple resistant germs.

Concise Review; Effects of Antibiotics and Antimycotics on the Biological Properties of Human Pluripotent and Multipotent Stem Cells

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam Farzaneh
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Disease Modeling ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Human Stem Cells ◽  
Multipotent Stem Cells ◽  
The Impact

Abstract:: Human pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) including embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have the remarkable potential to self-renew and develop into various cell lineages. Human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) or multipotent stem cells that are present in various organs can self-renew and differentiate into multiple mesenchymal lineages. Both human PSCs and MSCs hold great promise in cell-based therapies, disease modeling, drug discovery, and regenerative medicine. Human stem cells must be cultured under the optimal conditions to use them in transplantology. Therefore, researchers must ensure the sterility of human stem cell lines. Bacterial contamination is a common problem in laboratories and major precautions are required to detect the types of microorganisms, eliminate, and prevent contamination in cell cultures. Stem cell culture media usually contains antibiotics and antimycotics such as penicillin-streptomycin (pen-strep), gentamicin, and amphotericin B (AmB) to avoid bacterial, fungal, and yeast contaminants. Numerous publications recognized the serious effect of antibiotics and antimycotics on in vitro properties of human stem cells, including proliferation, differentiation, survival, and genetic instability. This review study aimed to understand the impact of routinely used antibiotics and antimycotics such as pen-strep, gentamicin, and AmB on viability, proliferation, and functional properties (differentiation and pluripotency) of human PSCs and MSCs.

scholarly journals Safety and efficacy of autologous non-hematopoietic enriched stem cell nebulization in COVID-19 patients: a randomized clinical trial, Abu Dhabi 2020

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yendry Ventura-Carmenate ◽  
Fatima Mohammed Alkaabi ◽  
Yandy Marx Castillo-Aleman ◽  
Carlos Agustin Villegas-Valverde ◽  
Yasmine Maher Ahmed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
Standard Care ◽  
Abu Dhabi ◽  
Ordinal Scale ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Safety And Efficacy ◽  
Point Reduction ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background The novel SARS-CoV-2 has caused the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Currently, with insufficient worldwide vaccination rates, identifying treatment solutions to reduce the impact of the virus is urgently needed. Method An adaptive, multicentric, open-label, and randomized controlled phase I/II clinical trial entitled the “SENTAD-COVID Study” was conducted by the Abu Dhabi Stem Cells Center under exceptional conditional approval by the Emirates Institutional Review Board (IRB) for COVID-19 Research Committee from April 4th to July 31st, 2020, using an autologous peripheral blood non-hematopoietic enriched stem cell cocktail (PB-NHESC-C) administered by compressor (jet) nebulization as a complement to standard care therapy. The primary endpoints include safety and efficacy assessments, adverse events, the mortality rate within 28 days, and the time to clinical improvement as measured by a 2-point reduction on a seven-category ordinal scale or discharge from the hospital whichever occurred first. Results The study included a total of 139 randomized COVID-19 patients, with 69 in the experimental group and 70 in the control group (standard care). Overall survival was 94.20% for the cocktail-treated group vs. 90.27% for the control group. Adverse events were reported in 50 (72.46%) patients receiving PB-NHESC-C and 51 (72.85%) in the control group (p = 0.9590), with signs and symptoms commonly found in COVID-19. After the first 9 days of the intervention, 67.3% of cocktail-treated patients recovered and were released from hospitals compared to 53.1% (RR = 0.84; 95% CI, 0.56–1.28) in the control group. Improvement, i.e., at least a 2-point reduction in the severity scale, was more frequently observed in cocktail-treated patients (42.0%) than in controls (17.0%) (RR = 0.69; 95% CI, 0.56–0.88). Conclusions Cocktail treatment improved clinical outcomes without increasing adverse events. Thus, the nebulization of PB-NHESC-C was safe and effective for treatment in most of these patients. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov. NCT04473170. It was retrospectively registered on July 16th, 2020.

scholarly journals Safety and Efficacy of Autologous Non-Hematopoietic Enriched Stem Cell Nebulization in Covid-19 Patients. A Randomized Clinical Trial, Abu Dhabi 2020.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yendry Ventura Carmenate ◽  
Fatima Mohammed Alkaabi ◽  
Yandy Marx Castillo Aleman ◽  
Carlos Agustin Villegas Valverde ◽  
Yasmine Maher Ahmed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
Standard Care ◽  
Abu Dhabi ◽  
Ordinal Scale ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Safety And Efficacy ◽  
Point Reduction ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background: The novel SARS-Cov-2 has caused the COVID-19 pandemic. Currently, with insufficient worldwide vaccination rates, the identification of treatment solutions to reduce the impact of the virus is urgently needed. Method: An adaptive, multicentric, open-label, and randomized controlled phase I/II clinical trial entitled the “SENTAD-COVID Study” was conducted by the Abu Dhabi Stem Cells Center under conditional exceptional approval by the Emirates Institutional Review Board (IRB) for COVID-19 Research Committee from April 4 to July 31, 2020, using an autologous peripheral blood nonhematopoietic enriched stem cell cocktail (PB-NHESC-C) administered by compressor (jet) nebulization as a complement to standard care therapy. The primary endpoints include safety and efficacy assessments, adverse events, the mortality rate within 28 days, and the time to clinical improvement as measured by a 2-point reduction on a seven-category ordinal scale or discharge from the hospital, whichever occurred first. Results: The study included a total of 139 randomized COVID-19 patients with 69 in the experimental group and 70 in the control group (standard care). Overall survival was 94.20% for the cocktail-treated group vs. 90.27% for the control group. Adverse events occurred in 43 (62.32%) patients receiving PB-NHESC-C vs. 44 (62.86%) in the control group, and most adverse events were related to the disease. After the first nine days of the intervention, 67.3% of cocktail-treated patients recovered and were released from hospitals compared to 53.1% (RR=0.84; 95% CI, 0.56-1.28) in the control group. Improvement, i.e., at least a 2-point reduction in the severity scale, was more frequently observed in cocktail-treated patients (42.0%) than in controls (17.0%) (RR=0.69; 95% CI, 0.56-0.88). Conclusions: Cocktail treatment improved clinical outcomes without increasing adverse events. Thus, the nebulization of PB-NHESC-C was safe and effective for treatment in most of these patients. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov. NCT04473170. Registered 16 July 2020. Retrospectively registered. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04473170.

scholarly journals The Winding Road of Cardiac Regeneration—Stem Cell Omics in the Spotlight

Cells ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miruna Mihaela Micheu ◽  
Alina Ioana Scarlatescu ◽  
Alexandru Scafa-Udriste ◽  
Maria Dorobantu
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Fate ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Unmet Need ◽  
Cardiac Regeneration ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Omics Data

Despite significant progress in treating ischemic cardiac disease and succeeding heart failure, there is still an unmet need to develop effective therapeutic strategies given the persistent high-mortality rate. Advances in stem cell biology hold great promise for regenerative medicine, particularly for cardiac regeneration. Various cell types have been used both in preclinical and clinical studies to repair the injured heart, either directly or indirectly. Transplanted cells may act in an autocrine and/or paracrine manner to improve the myocyte survival and migration of remote and/or resident stem cells to the site of injury. Still, the molecular mechanisms regulating cardiac protection and repair are poorly understood. Stem cell fate is directed by multifaceted interactions between genetic, epigenetic, transcriptional, and post-transcriptional mechanisms. Decoding stem cells’ “panomic” data would provide a comprehensive picture of the underlying mechanisms, resulting in patient-tailored therapy. This review offers a critical analysis of omics data in relation to stem cell survival and differentiation. Additionally, the emerging role of stem cell-derived exosomes as “cell-free” therapy is debated. Last but not least, we discuss the challenges to retrieve and analyze the huge amount of publicly available omics data.

scholarly journals Effects of Co-Culture of Graphene Oxide Scaffolds with Different Concentrations and Umbilical Mesenchymal Stem Cells on the Proliferation and Differentiation of Stem Cells

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aifeng Liu ◽  
Jixin Chen ◽  
Shuwei Gong ◽  
Qiang Wei ◽  
Ye Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cell ◽  
Umbilical Cord ◽  
High Porosity ◽  
Proliferation And Differentiation ◽  
Scaffold Materials ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The main role of the scaffold materials is to enable cells to survive in the scaffold binding as while as to further promote their proliferation and differentiation ability. For mesenchymal stem cell, the scaffold could provide an environment for them to maintain their phenotype, and synthesize all necessary molecules and proteins. Generally, scaffold materials for stem cell need to possess basic characteristics such as high porosity, large surface area, surface rigidity and biodegradability. Thus, the two-dimensional graphene oxide (GO) with oxygen-containing functional groups may be suitable scaffold materials for mesenchymal stem cell culture.MethodsIn this study, the effect of GO on the value-added differentiation activity of mesenchymal stem cell was systematically investigated. ResultsIt was found that low concentration of GO and sufficient concentration of umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells are suitable for the second Co-culture. Furthermore, the addition of hyaluronic acid will make this culture more evenly distributed. ConclusionsThe adsorption of GO on umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells can also make the two closely linked, which avoids the impact of animal joint activities on cells.

Stem cell application in neurorehabilitation

2020 ◽  
pp. 169-184
Author(s):  
Sebastian Jessberger ◽  
Armin Curt ◽  
Roger A. Barker
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Adult Brain ◽  
Proper Function ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Diseases ◽  
Brain And Spinal Cord ◽  
The Brain

A number of diseases of the brain and spinal cord are associated with substantial neural cell death and/or disruption of correct and functional neural networks. In the past, a variety of therapeutic strategies to rescue these systems have been proposed along with agents to induce functional plasticity within the remaining central nervous system (CNS) structures. In the case of injury or neurodegenerative disease these approaches have only met with limited success, indicating the need for novel approaches to treat diseases of the adult CNS. Recently, the idea of recruiting endogenous or transplanting stem cells to replace lost structures within the adult brain or spinal cord has gained significant attention, along with in situ reprogramming, and opened up novel therapeutic avenues in the context of regenerative medicine. Here we review recent advances in our understanding of how endogenous stem cells may be a part of pathological processes in certain neuropsychiatric diseases and summarize recent clinical and preclinical data suggesting that stem cell-based therapies hold great promise as a future treatment option in a number of diseases disrupting the proper function of the adult CNS.

scholarly journals Stem cell-based treatment of kidney diseases

2020 ◽  
Vol 245 (10) ◽  
pp. 902-910
Author(s):  
Binbin Pan ◽  
Guoping Fan
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Acute Kidney Injury ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Cell Therapy ◽  
Kidney Diseases ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Kidney Organoids

Kidney dysfunction, including chronic kidney disease and acute kidney injury, is a globally prevalent health problem. However, treatment regimens are still lacking, especially for conditions involving kidney fibrosis. Stem cells hold great promise in the treatment of chronic kidney disease and acute kidney injury, but success has been hampered by insufficient incorporation of the stem cells in the injured kidney. Thus, new approaches for the restoration of kidney function after acute or chronic injury have been explored. Recently, kidney organoids have emerged as a useful tool in the treatment of kidney diseases. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms and approaches of cell therapy in acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease, including diabetic kidney disease and lupus nephritis. We also summarize the potential applications of kidney organoids in the treatment of kidney diseases. Impact statement Stem cells hold great promise in regenerative medicine. Pluripotent stem cells have been differentiated into kidney organoids to understand human kidney development and to dissect renal disease mechanisms. Meanwhile, recent studies have explored the treatment of kidney diseases using a variety of cells, including mesenchymal stem cells and renal derivatives. This mini-review discusses the diverse mechanisms underlying current renal disease treatment via stem cell therapy. We postulate that clinical applications of stem cell therapy for kidney diseases can be readily achieved in the near future.

scholarly journals The Role of Tryptophan Metabolites in Musculoskeletal Stem Cell Aging

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (18) ◽  
pp. 6670
Author(s):  
Jordan Marcano Anaya ◽  
Wendy B. Bollag ◽  
Mark W. Hamrick ◽  
Carlos M. Isales
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Fracture Risk ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Stem Cell Differentiation ◽  
Tryptophan Metabolism ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Tryptophan Metabolites ◽  
The Impact

Although aging is considered a normal process, there are cellular and molecular changes that occur with aging that may be detrimental to health. Osteoporosis is one of the most common age-related degenerative diseases, and its progression correlates with aging and decreased capacity for stem cell differentiation and proliferation in both men and women. Tryptophan metabolism through the kynurenine pathway appears to be a key factor in promoting bone-aging phenotypes, promoting bone breakdown and interfering with stem cell function and osteogenesis; however, little data is available on the impact of tryptophan metabolites downstream of kynurenine. Here we review available data on the impact of these tryptophan breakdown products on the body in general and, when available, the existing evidence of their impact on bone. A number of tryptophan metabolites (e.g., 3-hydroxykynurenine (3HKYN), kynurenic acid (KYNA) and anthranilic acid (AA)) have a detrimental effect on bone, decreasing bone mineral density (BMD) and increasing fracture risk. Other metabolites (e.g., 3-hydroxyAA, xanthurenic acid (XA), picolinic acid (PIA), quinolinic acid (QA), and NAD+) promote an increase in bone mineral density and are associated with lower fracture risk. Furthermore, the effects of other tryptophan breakdown products (e.g., serotonin) are complex, with either anabolic or catabolic actions on bone depending on their source. The mechanisms involved in the cellular actions of these tryptophan metabolites on bone are not yet fully known and will require further research as they are potential therapeutic targets. The current review is meant as a brief overview of existing English language literature on tryptophan and its metabolites and their effects on stem cells and musculoskeletal systems. The search terms used for a Medline database search were: kynurenine, mesenchymal stem cells, bone loss, tryptophan metabolism, aging, and oxidative stress.

scholarly journals Designing stem cell niches for differentiation and self-renewal

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (145) ◽  
pp. 20180388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah Donnelly ◽  
Manuel Salmeron-Sanchez ◽  
Matthew J. Dalby
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Regenerative Medicine ◽  
Regulatory Networks ◽  
Regulatory Mechanisms ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Regenerative Capacity ◽  
Cell Niche ◽  
Stem Cell Niches

Mesenchymal stem cells, characterized by their ability to differentiate into skeletal tissues and self-renew, hold great promise for both regenerative medicine and novel therapeutic discovery. However, their regenerative capacity is retained only when in contact with their specialized microenvironment, termed the stem cell niche . Niches provide structural and functional cues that are both biochemical and biophysical, stem cells integrate this complex array of signals with intrinsic regulatory networks to meet physiological demands. Although, some of these regulatory mechanisms remain poorly understood or difficult to harness with traditional culture systems. Biomaterial strategies are being developed that aim to recapitulate stem cell niches, by engineering microenvironments with physiological-like niche properties that aim to elucidate stem cell-regulatory mechanisms, and to harness their regenerative capacity in vitro . In the future, engineered niches will prove important tools for both regenerative medicine and therapeutic discoveries.

scholarly journals Isolation and Culture of Human Stem Cells from Apical Papilla under Low Oxygen Concentration Highlight Original Properties

Cells ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 1485 ◽  
Author(s):  
Murielle Rémy ◽  
Francesca Ferraro ◽  
Pierre Le Salver ◽  
Sylvie Rey ◽  
Elisabeth Genot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Oxygen Concentration ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Stem Cell Marker ◽  
Autophagic Flux ◽  
Integrin Subunit ◽  
Differentiation Potential ◽  
Apical Papilla ◽  
The Impact

Stem cells isolated from the apical papilla of wisdom teeth (SCAPs) are an attractive model for tissue repair due to their availability, high proliferation rate and potential to differentiate in vitro towards mesodermal and neurogenic lineages. Adult stem cells, such as SCAPs, develop in stem cell niches in which the oxygen concentration [O2] is low (3–8% compared with 21% of ambient air). In this work, we evaluate the impact of low [O2] on the physiology of SCAPs isolated and processed in parallel at 21% or 3% O2 without any hyperoxic shock in ambient air during the experiment performed at 3% O2. We demonstrate that SCAPs display a higher proliferation capacity at 3% O2 than in ambient air with elevated expression levels of two cell surface antigens: the alpha-6 integrin subunit (CD49f) and the embryonic stem cell marker (SSEA4). We show that the mesodermal differentiation potential of SCAPs is conserved at early passage in both [O2], but is partly lost at late passage and low [O2], conditions in which SCAPs proliferate efficiently without any sign of apoptosis. Unexpectedly, we show that autophagic flux is active in SCAPs irrespective of [O2] and that this process remains high in cells even after prolonged exposure to 3% O2.

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