scholarly journals Intravital microscopy confirmed microvascular and ECM preservation in the decellularized rat kidney directly after transplantation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter R. Corridon
Keyword(s):  
Jugular Vein ◽  
Rat Kidney ◽  
Multiphoton Microscopy ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Post Transplantation ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
Phosphate Buffered Saline

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to determine whether decellularized rat kidney microvascular and extracellular matrix (ECM) integrity could be preserved under in vivo conditions directly after transplantation. Whole kidneys were harvested from the Sprague Dawley rat and were decellularized by perfusion with 0.5% sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) for 24 hours, followed by phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) for an additional 24 hours. Decellularized kidneys were then transplanted into recipients and vascular high-molecular-weight (150-kDa) FITC dextrans were infused via the jugular vein. Blood was then allowed to flow through the decellularized transplant. Intravital multiphoton microscopy confirmed the suitable confinement of the dextrans within vascular tracks and preservation of the decellularized architecture that was monitored in the shortterm post transplantation.New and NoteworthyThe study confirmed in vivo microvascular and ECM preservation in the short-term post transplantation.

Short-term exercise improves myocardial tolerance to in vivo ischemia-reperfusion in the rat

2001 ◽  
Vol 91 (5) ◽  
pp. 2205-2212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haydar A. Demirel ◽  
Scott K. Powers ◽  
Murat A. Zergeroglu ◽  
R. Andrew Shanely ◽  
Karyn Hamilton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Maximum Rate ◽  
Treadmill Exercise ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Antioxidant Defenses ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Short Term

These experiments examined the independent effects of short-term exercise and heat stress on myocardial responses during in vivo ischemia-reperfusion (I/R). Female Sprague-Dawley rats (4 mo old) were randomly assigned to one of four experimental groups: 1) control, 2) 3 consecutive days of treadmill exercise [60 min/day at 60–70% maximal O2 uptake (V˙o 2 max)], 3) 5 consecutive days of treadmill exercise (60 min/day at 60–70%V˙o 2 max), and 4) whole body heat stress (15 min at 42°C). Twenty-four hours after heat stress or exercise, animals were anesthetized and mechanically ventilated, and the chest was opened by thoracotomy. Coronary occlusion was maintained for 30-min followed by a 30-min period of reperfusion. Compared with control, both heat-stressed animals and exercised animals (3 and 5 days) maintained higher ( P < 0.05) left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP), maximum rate of left venticular pressure development (+dP/d t), and maximum rate of left ventricular pressure decline (−dP/d t) at all measurement periods during both ischemia and reperfusion. No differences existed between heat-stressed and exercise groups in LVDP, +dP/d t, and −dP/d t at any time during ischemia or reperfusion. Both heat stress and exercise resulted in an increase ( P < 0.05) in the relative levels of left ventricular heat shock protein 72 (HSP72). Furthermore, exercise (3 and 5 days) increased ( P < 0.05) myocardial glutathione levels and manganese superoxide dismutase activity. These data indicate that 3–5 consecutive days of exercise improves myocardial contractile performance during in vivo I/R and that this exercise-induced myocardial protection is associated with an increase in both myocardial HSP72 and cardiac antioxidant defenses.

Intravenous bilirubin provides incomplete protection against renal ischemia-reperfusion injury in vivo

2007 ◽  
Vol 292 (2) ◽  
pp. F888-F894 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristin Kirkby ◽  
Chris Baylis ◽  
Anupam Agarwal ◽  
Byron Croker ◽  
Linda Archer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reperfusion Injury ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion Injury ◽  
Rat Kidney ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Renal Plasma Flow ◽  
In Vivo Model ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Organ Systems

Exogenous bilirubin (BR) substitutes for the protective effects of heme oxygenase (HO) in several organ systems. Our objective was to investigate the effects of exogenous BR in an in vivo model of ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) in the rat kidney. Four groups of male Sprague-Dawley rats were anesthetized using isoflurane in oxygen and treated with 1) 5 mg/kg intravenous (iv) BR, 1 h before ischemia and 6-h reperfusion; 2) vehicle 1 h before ischemia and 6-h reperfusion; 3) 20 mg/kg iv BR, 1 h before and during ischemia; and 4) vehicle 1 h before and during ischemia. Bilateral renal clamping (30 min) was followed by 6-h reperfusion. Infusion of 5 mg/kg iv BR achieved target levels in the serum at 6 h postischemia (31 ± 9 μmol/l). Infusion of 20 mg/kg BR reached 50 ± 22 μmol/l at the end of ischemia, and a significant improvement was seen in serum creatinine at 6 h (1.07 ± 28 vs. 1.38 ± 0.18 mg/dl, P = 0.043). Glomerular filtration rate, estimated renal plasma flow, fractional excretion of electrolytes, and renal vascular resistance were not significantly improved in BR-treated groups. Histological grading demonstrated a trend toward preservation of cortical proximal tubules in rats receiving 20 mg/kg iv BR compared with control; however, neither BR dose provided protection against injury to the renal medulla. At the doses administered, iv BR did not provide complete protection against IRI in vivo. Combined supplementation of both BR and carbon monoxide may be required to preserve renal blood flow and adequately substitute for the protective effects of HO in vivo.

scholarly journals Interactions between Babesia microti merozoites and rat kidney cells in a short-term in vitro culture and animal model

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Albertyńska ◽  
Hubert Okła ◽  
Krzysztof Jasik ◽  
Danuta Urbańska-Jasik ◽  
Przemysław Pol
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Rat Kidney ◽  
Babesia Microti ◽  
Renal Tubules ◽  
Renal Epithelial Cells ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Flow Through

AbstractBabesiosis is one of the most common infections in free-living animals and is rapidly becoming significant among human zoonoses. Cases of acute renal failure in humans caused by Babesia spp. have been described in the literature. The kidneys are characterised by intense blood flow through the blood vessels, which increases the likelihood of contact with the intra-erythrocyte parasite. The aim of this study was to observe the influence of B. microti (ATCC 30221) on renal epithelial cells in vitro cultured (NRK-52E line) and Wistar rats’ kidney. Both NRK-52E cells and rats’ kidney sections were analysed by light microscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Necrotic changes in renal epithelial cells have been observed in vitro and in vivo. In many cross-sections through the rats’ kidney, adhesion of blood cells to the vascular endothelium, accumulation of erythrocytes and emboli were demonstrated. In NRK-52E culture, elements with a distinctly doubled cell membrane resembling B. microti were found inside the cytoplasm and adjacent to the cell layer. The study indicates a chemotactic tendency for B. microti to adhere to the renal tubules' epithelium, a possibility of piroplasms entering the renal epithelial cells, their proliferation within the cytoplasm and emboli formation.

scholarly journals Contribution of cytochrome P-450 4A1 and 4A2 to vascular 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid synthesis in rat kidneys

1999 ◽  
Vol 276 (2) ◽  
pp. F246-F253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mong-Heng Wang ◽  
Hui Guan ◽  
Xuandai Nguyen ◽  
Barbara A. Zand ◽  
Alberto Nasjletti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Rat Kidney ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Antisense Odns ◽  
Cytochrome P 450

20-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (20-HETE), a biologically active cytochrome P-450 (CYP) metabolite of arachidonic acid in the rat kidney, can be catalyzed by CYP4A isoforms including CYP4A1, CYP4A2, and CYP4A3. To determine the contribution of CYP4A isoforms to renal 20-HETE synthesis, specific antisense oligonucleotides (ODNs) were developed, and their specificity was examined in vitro in Sf9 cells expressing CYP4A isoforms and in vivo in Sprague-Dawley rats. Administration of CYP4A2 antisense ODNs (167 nmol ⋅ kg body wt−1 ⋅ day−1iv for 5 days) decreased vascular 20-HETE synthesis by 48% with no effect on tubular synthesis, whereas administration of CYP4A1 antisense ODNs inhibited vascular and tubular 20-HETE synthesis by 52 and 40%, respectively. RT-PCR of microdissected renal microvessel RNA indicated the presence of CYP4A1, CYP4A2, and CYP4A3 mRNAs, and a CYP4A1-immunoreactive protein was detected by Western analysis of microvessel homogenates. Blood pressure measurements revealed a reduction of 17 ± 6 and 16 ± 4 mmHg in groups receiving CYP4A1 and CYP4A2 antisense ODNs, respectively. These studies implicate CYP4A1 as a major 20-HETE synthesizing activity in the rat kidney and further document the feasibility of using antisense ODNs to specifically inhibit 20-HETE synthesis and thereby investigate its role in the regulation of renal function and blood pressure.

Effect of angiotensin II and norepinephrine on isolated rat afferent and efferent arterioles

1990 ◽  
Vol 258 (3) ◽  
pp. F741-F750 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. H. Yuan ◽  
J. B. Robinette ◽  
J. D. Conger
Keyword(s):  
Angiotensin Ii ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Rat Kidney ◽  
Differential Sensitivity ◽  
Ang Ii ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Dose Response Curves ◽  
Isolated Rat

Differential sensitivity of the pre- and postglomerular arterial vessels to vasoconstrictor activity of angiotensin II (ANG II) and norepinephrine (NE) is controversial. To avoid the complex extravascular neurohumoral variables that may have accounted for different results in the intact rat kidney, an isolated arteriole technique was used to examine the dose responses of ANG II and NE on afferent (AA) and efferent arterioles (EA) from Sprague-Dawley rats. EA were more sensitive than AA to ANG II (EC50 = 3.2 +/- 1.8 x 10(-11) and 1.0 +/- 1.6 x 10(-9) M, respectively, P less than 0.001), whereas EC50 of both AA and EA to NE were similar (3.4 +/- 2.3 x 10(-8) and 1.4 +/- 2.6 x 10(-8) M, respectively). The dose-response curves of AA to ANG II were not different when perfused at different luminal pressures (90 and 30 mmHg). In contrast, EA were more sensitive to ANG II at 30 than at 90 mmHg (3.0 +/- 1.2 x 10(-11) and 5.0 +/- 1.8 x 10(-10) M, respectively, P less than 0.005). The EC50 of EA to NE was unaffected by similar changes in luminal pressures. The mean dose-response curves of AA to ANG II were the same with and without the addition of 10(-5) M indomethacin; however, in arterioles displaying a focal constriction pattern to ANG II the response became uniform. It is concluded that, in the isolated rat glomerular arterioles, EA are more sensitive to ANG II than AA, but both vessels respond similarly to NE. The decreased ANG II sensitivity in AA is not related to the higher in vivo pressure, and the attenuated response in AA does not appear to be mediated primarily through ANG II-stimulated vasodilator prostanoid activity. EA sensitivity to ANG II appears to be inversely related to lumen pressure.

Effects of sodium nitrite on ischemia-reperfusion injury in the rat kidney

2006 ◽  
Vol 290 (4) ◽  
pp. F779-F786 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahesh Basireddy ◽  
T. Scott Isbell ◽  
Xinjun Teng ◽  
Rakesh P. Patel ◽  
Anupam Agarwal
Keyword(s):  
Renal Injury ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion Injury ◽  
Rat Kidney ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Contralateral Kidney ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Tubular Necrosis

Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species play a key role in the pathophysiology of renal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. Recent studies have shown that nitrite (NO2−) serves as an endogenous source of nitric oxide (NO), particularly in the presence of hypoxia and acidosis. Nanomolar concentrations of NO2− reduce injury following I/R in the liver and heart in vivo. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of NO2− in renal I/R injury. Male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent a unilateral nephrectomy followed by 45 min of ischemia of the contralateral kidney or sham surgery under isoflurane anesthesia. Animals received normal saline, sodium NO2−, or sodium nitrate (NO3−; 1.2 nmol/g body wt ip) at 22.5 min after induction of ischemia or 15 min before ischemia. A separate set of animals received saline, NO2−, or NO3− (0.12, 1.2, or 12 nmol/g body wt iv) 45 min before ischemia. Serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen were increased following I/R injury but were not significantly different among treatment groups at 24 and 48 h after acute renal injury. Interestingly, NO3− administration appeared to worsen renal injury. Histological scoring for loss of brush border, tubular necrosis, and red blood cell extravasation showed no significant differences among the treatment groups. The results indicate that, contrary to the protective effects of NO2− in I/R injury of the liver and heart, NO2− does not provide protection in renal I/R injury and suggest a unique metabolism of NO2− in the kidney.

Edible dry bean consumption (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) modulates cardiovascular risk factors and diet-induced obesity in rats and mice

2012 ◽  
Vol 108 (S1) ◽  
pp. S66-S73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zongjian Zhu ◽  
Weiqin Jiang ◽  
Henry J. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Plasma Lipids ◽  
Plasma Lipid ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Grain Legumes ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Dry Bean ◽  
Diet Induced Obesity

Pulses are grain legumes that have sustained the civilisations of the world throughout their development; yet this staple food crop has fallen into disuse, particularly in Westernised societies, and decreased consumption parallels increased prevalence of CVD. The objective of the present study was to identify mechanisms that account for the cardioprotective activity of dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), one of the four primary pulse crops, which is widely produced and consumed globally. Laboratory assays that can be used for in vivo screening of dry beans and other pulses to identify those with the greatest potential to benefit human health are also reported. Sprague–Dawley rats and a diet-induced obesity model in C57Bl/6 mice were used to assess the effect of cooked dry bean incorporated into a purified diet formulation on plasma lipids and hepatic proteins involved in the regulation of lipid biosynthesis. In both animal species, short-term feeding of a bean-containing diet reduced plasma total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol without affecting HDL-cholesterol or total TAG. Mechanisms associated with cholesterol catabolism and excretion are the likely targets of the bean effect. Unexpectedly, bean-fed obese mice experienced weight loss as well as an improved plasma lipid profile within a 12 d time frame. These findings support the use of short-term (7–14 d) assays to investigate mechanisms that account for the cardioprotective and weight regulatory effects of dry bean and to screen dry bean germplasm resources for types of bean with high protective activity. These same assays can be used to identify the bioactive components of bean that account for the observed effects.

Influence ofSteinernema feltiae(Filipjev) Wouts, Mracek, Gerdin and Bedding DD136 strain on the humoral and haemocytic responses ofGalleria mellonella(L.) larvae to selected bacteria

Parasitology ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 91 (2) ◽  
pp. 369-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. B. Dunphy ◽  
J. M. Webster
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Galleria Mellonella ◽  
Steinernema Feltiae ◽  
Insect Larvae ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Xenorhabdus Nematophilus ◽  
Phosphate Buffered Saline

Examination of the short-term interaction of the haemocytes and lysozyme ofGalleria mellonellalarvae with the entomogenous nematodeSteinernema feltiaeDD136,in vitrorevealed that the nematodes did not reduce the adhesion ofBacillus subtilisorXenorhabdus nematophilussubsp.nematophilusto larval granulocytes or plasmatocytes. There was no evidence of humoral, sheath or cellular encapsulation ofS. feltiaein the haemolymphin vitroorin vivo. Compared with the phosphate-buffered saline-injected larvae the axenic nematodes did not alter the total or differential haemocyte counts during the initial 4 h of parasitism. The ability of the insect larvae to removeB. subtilisandX. nematophilusfrom the haemolymph was not influenced by axenicS. feltiae. The bacteria from the intestine of surface disinfected, monoxenically culturedS. feltiaeelevated the larval total haemocyte counts and damaged the haemocytes. The activity of larval lysozyme was not influenced by axenicS. feltiae.

scholarly journals One and Two-Step In Vitro-In Vivo Correlations Based on USP IV Dynamic Dissolution Applied to Four Sodium Montelukast Products

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 690
Author(s):  
Mercedes Prieto-Escolar ◽  
Juan J. Torrado ◽  
Covadonga Álvarez ◽  
Alejandro Ruiz-Picazo ◽  
Marta Simón-Vázquez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Test Procedure ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Weak Acid ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Time Scaling ◽  
One Step ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
Low Solubility

Montelukast is a weak acid drug characterized by its low solubility in the range of pH 1.2 to 4.5, which may lead to dissolution-limited absorption. The aim of this paper is to develop an in vivo predictive dissolution method for montelukast and to check its performance by establishing a level-A in vitro-in vivo correlation (IVIVC). During the development of a generic film-coated tablet formulation, two clinical trials were done with three different experimental formulations to achieve a similar formulation to the reference one. A dissolution test procedure with a flow-through cell (USP IV) was used to predict the in vivo absorption behavior. The method proposed is based on a flow rate of 5 mL/min and changes of pH mediums from 1.2 to 4.5 and then to 6.8 with standard pharmacopoeia buffers. In order to improve the dissolution of montelukast, sodium dodecyl sulfate was added to the 4.5 and 6.8 pH mediums. Dissolution profiles in from the new method were used to develop a level-A IVIVC. One-step level-A IVIVC was developed from dissolution profiles and fractions absorbed obtained by the Loo–Riegelman method. Time scaling with Levy’s plot was necessary to achieve a linear IVIVC. One-step differential equation-based IVIVC was also developed with a time-scaling function. The developed method showed similar results to a previously proposed biopredictive method for montelukast, and the added value showed the ability to discriminate among different release rates in vitro, matching the in vivo clinical bioequivalence results.

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