Edible dry bean consumption (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) modulates cardiovascular risk factors and diet-induced obesity in rats and mice

2012 ◽  
Vol 108 (S1) ◽  
pp. S66-S73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zongjian Zhu ◽  
Weiqin Jiang ◽  
Henry J. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Plasma Lipids ◽  
Plasma Lipid ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Grain Legumes ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Dry Bean ◽  
Diet Induced Obesity

Pulses are grain legumes that have sustained the civilisations of the world throughout their development; yet this staple food crop has fallen into disuse, particularly in Westernised societies, and decreased consumption parallels increased prevalence of CVD. The objective of the present study was to identify mechanisms that account for the cardioprotective activity of dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), one of the four primary pulse crops, which is widely produced and consumed globally. Laboratory assays that can be used for in vivo screening of dry beans and other pulses to identify those with the greatest potential to benefit human health are also reported. Sprague–Dawley rats and a diet-induced obesity model in C57Bl/6 mice were used to assess the effect of cooked dry bean incorporated into a purified diet formulation on plasma lipids and hepatic proteins involved in the regulation of lipid biosynthesis. In both animal species, short-term feeding of a bean-containing diet reduced plasma total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol without affecting HDL-cholesterol or total TAG. Mechanisms associated with cholesterol catabolism and excretion are the likely targets of the bean effect. Unexpectedly, bean-fed obese mice experienced weight loss as well as an improved plasma lipid profile within a 12 d time frame. These findings support the use of short-term (7–14 d) assays to investigate mechanisms that account for the cardioprotective and weight regulatory effects of dry bean and to screen dry bean germplasm resources for types of bean with high protective activity. These same assays can be used to identify the bioactive components of bean that account for the observed effects.

Cardioprotective Effects of Diet with Different Grains on Lipid Profiles and Antioxidative System in Obesity-Induced Rats

2012 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Kim ◽  
H. Shin ◽  
S. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Aortic Wall ◽  
Plasma Lipids ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Plasma Lipid ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Lipid Profiles ◽  
Dietary Lipids ◽  
Male Rats

In the present study, the nutritional quality of four grains including adlay (AD), buckwheat (BW), glutinous barley (GB), and white rice (WR) were evaluated in terms of plasma lipid parameters, gut transit time, and thickness of the aortic wall in rats. The rats were then raised for 4 weeks on the high-fat diet based on the American Institute of Nutrition-93 (AIN-93 G) diets containing 1 % cholesterol and 20 % dietary lipids. Forty male rats were divided into 4 groups and raised for 4 weeks with a diet containing one of the following grains: WR, AD, BW, or WB. The level of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) in liver was shown to be higher in rats by the order of those fed WR, AD, GB, and BW. This indicates that other grains decreased oxidative stress in vivo more than WR. The superoxide dismutase, glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase levels in the AD, BW, and GB groups were significantly higher than those in the WR group (p < 0.05). Plasma lipid profiles differed significantly according to grain combination, and decreased aortic wall thickness was consistent with the finding of decreased plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (p < 0.05) and increased high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C) in rats fed AD, BW, and GB (p < 0.001). The antioxidant and hypolipidemic capacities of grains are quite high, especially those of adlay, buckwheat, and glutinous barley. In conclusion, this study has demonstrated that the whole grains had a cardioprotective effect. This effect was related to several mechanisms that corresponded to lowering plasma lipids, decreasing TBARS, and increasing antioxidant activities.

scholarly journals Intravital microscopy confirmed microvascular and ECM preservation in the decellularized rat kidney directly after transplantation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter R. Corridon
Keyword(s):  
Jugular Vein ◽  
Rat Kidney ◽  
Multiphoton Microscopy ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Post Transplantation ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
Phosphate Buffered Saline

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to determine whether decellularized rat kidney microvascular and extracellular matrix (ECM) integrity could be preserved under in vivo conditions directly after transplantation. Whole kidneys were harvested from the Sprague Dawley rat and were decellularized by perfusion with 0.5% sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) for 24 hours, followed by phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) for an additional 24 hours. Decellularized kidneys were then transplanted into recipients and vascular high-molecular-weight (150-kDa) FITC dextrans were infused via the jugular vein. Blood was then allowed to flow through the decellularized transplant. Intravital multiphoton microscopy confirmed the suitable confinement of the dextrans within vascular tracks and preservation of the decellularized architecture that was monitored in the shortterm post transplantation.New and NoteworthyThe study confirmed in vivo microvascular and ECM preservation in the short-term post transplantation.

Short-term exercise improves myocardial tolerance to in vivo ischemia-reperfusion in the rat

2001 ◽  
Vol 91 (5) ◽  
pp. 2205-2212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haydar A. Demirel ◽  
Scott K. Powers ◽  
Murat A. Zergeroglu ◽  
R. Andrew Shanely ◽  
Karyn Hamilton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Maximum Rate ◽  
Treadmill Exercise ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Antioxidant Defenses ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Short Term

These experiments examined the independent effects of short-term exercise and heat stress on myocardial responses during in vivo ischemia-reperfusion (I/R). Female Sprague-Dawley rats (4 mo old) were randomly assigned to one of four experimental groups: 1) control, 2) 3 consecutive days of treadmill exercise [60 min/day at 60–70% maximal O2 uptake (V˙o 2 max)], 3) 5 consecutive days of treadmill exercise (60 min/day at 60–70%V˙o 2 max), and 4) whole body heat stress (15 min at 42°C). Twenty-four hours after heat stress or exercise, animals were anesthetized and mechanically ventilated, and the chest was opened by thoracotomy. Coronary occlusion was maintained for 30-min followed by a 30-min period of reperfusion. Compared with control, both heat-stressed animals and exercised animals (3 and 5 days) maintained higher ( P < 0.05) left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP), maximum rate of left venticular pressure development (+dP/d t), and maximum rate of left ventricular pressure decline (−dP/d t) at all measurement periods during both ischemia and reperfusion. No differences existed between heat-stressed and exercise groups in LVDP, +dP/d t, and −dP/d t at any time during ischemia or reperfusion. Both heat stress and exercise resulted in an increase ( P < 0.05) in the relative levels of left ventricular heat shock protein 72 (HSP72). Furthermore, exercise (3 and 5 days) increased ( P < 0.05) myocardial glutathione levels and manganese superoxide dismutase activity. These data indicate that 3–5 consecutive days of exercise improves myocardial contractile performance during in vivo I/R and that this exercise-induced myocardial protection is associated with an increase in both myocardial HSP72 and cardiac antioxidant defenses.

scholarly journals The effect of daily baked bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) consumption on the plasma lipid levels of young, normo-cholesterolaemic men

1989 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan M. Shutler ◽  
Gemma M. Bircher ◽  
Jacki A. Tredger ◽  
Linda M. Morgan ◽  
Ann F. Walker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Plasma Lipid ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Normal Diet ◽  
Male Students ◽  
C Peptide ◽  
Tomato Sauce ◽  
Cholesterol Ratio

1. Thirteen normo-cholesterolaemic male students consumed one 450 g can of baked beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) in tomato sauce, daily, for 14 d as part of their normal diet. After a 14 d washout period, eleven of the students went on to consume one 440 g can of spaghetti in tomato sauce, daily, for 14 d.2. Fasting blood samples were taken frequently for measurement of plasma cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol, triacylglycerols, glucose, insulin and C-peptide. Diet diaries (3 d) were completed by the subjects during each period.3. Consumption of beans and spaghetti led to a significant reduction in the amount of fat eaten daily (P< 0.05). Bean consumption also resulted in significant increases in protein, fibre and sugar intakes (P< 0.02,P< 0.001 andP< 0.05 respectively).4. During the bean-eating period the mean total plasma cholesterol level of the students fell significantly from 5.1 to 4.5 mmol/l (P< 0.02). No reduction in plasma cholesterol occurred during the spaghetti-eating period.5. HDL-cholesterol levels fell significantly during both periods (P< 0.001), but HDL:total cholesterol ratio was significantly reduced only during the spaghetti-eating period (P< 0.001). Neither beans nor spaghetti affected triacylglycerol, insulin or C-peptide levels.6. The benefits of a legume-rich diet are discussed.

Initiation and perpetuation of obesity and obesity resistance in rats

1989 ◽  
Vol 256 (3) ◽  
pp. R766-R771 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. E. Levin ◽  
S. Hogan ◽  
A. C. Sullivan
Keyword(s):  
High Energy ◽  
The Body ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Fat Pad ◽  
Intravenous Glucose ◽  
Insulin Resistant ◽  
Diet Induced Obesity ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Fat Pads

A search was made for predisposing factors and sequelae of diet-induced obesity (DIO) or resistance to DIO (DR). During 3 mo on a high-energy (CM) diet, two-thirds of the male Sprague-Dawley rats ate 16% more calories over the first 30 days and developed DIO. The remaining one-third were DR, gaining the same amount of weight as chow-fed controls. Basal and norepinephrine (NE)-stimulated in vivo O2 consumption, performed before rats were placed on the CM diet, was the same in those rats that later became DR or DIO after 3 mo on the CM diet. DR rats were 4% lighter, whereas DIO rats were equal to chow-fed rats before their exposure to the CM diet. When CM-fed rats were switched to chow, DIO rats took 14 wk to reduce their body and retroperitoneal fat pad weights to those of chow-fed controls, whereas DR rats gained only 40% of the body weight, and fat pads were 34% lighter than controls. After 14 wk, DIO rats were neither hyperinsulinemic nor insulin resistant, whereas DR rats had 64% reduced areas under their insulin curves after intravenous glucose (1 g/kg) compared with controls. Unlike younger rats, animals here had inconsistent plasma NE responses to intravenous glucose. Therefore the CM diet produces DR and DIO states that tend to become self-perpetuating once established.

scholarly journals Association betweentrans-fatty acids in erythrocytes and pro-atherogenic lipid profiles among Canadian Inuit of Nunavik: possible influences of sex and age

2009 ◽  
Vol 102 (5) ◽  
pp. 766-776 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emilie Counil ◽  
Pierre Julien ◽  
Benoit Lamarche ◽  
Marie-Ludivine Château-Degat ◽  
Annie Ferland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Plasma Lipids ◽  
Relative Proportion ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Plasma Lipid ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Lipid Profiles ◽  
Dietary Fats ◽  
Physiological Effects ◽  
Cross Sectional

Dietary exposure totrans-fatty acids (TFA) is likely to be high among Canadian Inuit; yet no data are available on the physiological effects of TFA in this population. The purpose of the present study was to assess the association between TFA and plasma lipid profiles in Inuit men and women living in Nunavik (Québec, Canada). In a cross-sectional, population-based survey, a total of 795 Nunavik Inuit eligible participants gave a blood sample. Exposure to TFA was assessed by their relative proportion in erythrocyte membrane. We performed multiple regression analysis using plasma lipids or their linear combinations as the dependent variables and TFA as the main predictor, adjusting for potential confounders. The associations varied markedly between the sexes and according to age. In men (n357, aged 36·3 (sd14·3) years, TFA 1·24 (sd0·54) %), TFA tended to be negatively associated with HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C), apoA1 and LDL particle size, and positively associated with non-HDL-C, LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C), apoB100, the apoB100:apoA1 ratio and the ratios of total cholesterol (TC), LDL-C and TAG to HDL-C. No such trends were observed in women (n438, aged 37·0 (sd14·1) years, TFA 1·16 (sd0·54) %), except for HDL-C and apoA1 in women aged 50 years and more. These results suggest that TFA could raise the risk of CHD in Inuit men at least through their physiological effects on plasma lipids. The differential associations reported in pre- and postmenopausal women need to be reproduced in other populations and in experimental studies addressing the influence of sex hormones in response to dietary fats.

scholarly journals Associations between dietary macronutrient intake and plasma lipids demonstrate criterion performance of the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) food-frequency questionnaire

2009 ◽  
Vol 102 (8) ◽  
pp. 1220-1227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer A. Nettleton ◽  
Cheryl L. Rock ◽  
Youfa Wang ◽  
Nancy S. Jenny ◽  
David R. Jacobs
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intake ◽  
Plasma Lipids ◽  
Plasma Lipid ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Criterion Validity ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Ethnic Study ◽  
Unit Change ◽  
Correlated Error

The validity of self-reported dietary intake is critical to the design and interpretation of diet–disease investigations. For many nutrients, there are no ideal methods to establish validity, given correlated error between reference and assessment tools, and constraints on time and resources available to perform such studies. Therefore, we quantified associations between macronutrient intakes and plasma HDL-cholesterol and TAG, relying on known associations between these factors to test the criterion validity of the FFQ used in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA). Baseline dietary macronutrient intakes (derived from 120-item FFQ), and fasting plasma HDL and TAG were measured in 4510 MESA participants, aged 45–84 years. After adjusting for non-dietary factors known to affect plasma lipid concentrations, greater carbohydrate intake was associated with lower HDL and higher TAG (β per 5-unit change in percentage energy intake from carbohydrate = − 5 (se1) mg/l (P < 0·001) for HDL and 15 (se6) mg/l (P = 0·008) for TAG), whereas higher energy intake from fat was associated with higher HDL and lower TAG (β per 5-unit change in percentage energy from fat = 3·7 (se2) mg/l (P = 0·01) for HDL and β = 19 (se7) mg/l (P = 0·004) for TAG). Associations of dietary carbohydrate and fat intakes with HDL and TAG concentrations were consistent with previous studies, demonstrating criterion validity of these dietary measures in the MESA.

scholarly journals Short-term effect of whole milk and milk fermented by Pseudomonas fluorescens on plasma lipids in adult boars

1991 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Stoll ◽  
Andreas Gutzwiller ◽  
Martin Jost ◽  
Heiner Schneeberger ◽  
Robert Sieber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Composition ◽  
Pseudomonas Fluorescens ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Plasma Lipids ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Feeding Frequency ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Whole Milk

The short-term effects of whole milk and milk fermented by Pseudomonas fluorescens, of the amino acid composition of the diet and of feeding frequency on the level of plasma lipids, were investigated in six 1-year-old adult boars. The experimental diets contained equal amounts of protein, carbohydrates, fat and cholesterol. After an adaptation period of 5 d for each experimental treatment, blood was collected at regular intervals during 48 h and plasma levels of cholesterol, triacylglycerol, high-density-lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol and low-density-lipoprotein (LDL-cholesterol were examined). All variables except HDL-cholesterol showed distinct diurnal fluctuations, which were substantially influenced by feeding frequency. Variations in the amino acid composition of the experimental diets, which were within a physiological range, had no effect on the level of plasma lipids. Plasma lipid levels were significantly lower when the animals received the diets containing milk instead of the diet without milk: cholesterol, triacylglycerol, and LDL-cholesterol were reduced by 5.6, 5.8 and 10% respectively (pondered means) while HDL-cholesterol remained unaffected. Fermentation of whole milk by P. fluorescens reduced the lipid-lowering effect. Our findings suggest that the intake of diets containing milk results in a lower plasma cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol level than the intake of diets with a similar nutrient content which do not contain milk.

scholarly journals Intake of Carp Meat From Two Aquaculture Production Systems Aimed at Secondary Prevention of Ischemic Heart Disease – a Follow-up Study

2017 ◽  
pp. S129-S137 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. MRAZ ◽  
T. ZAJIC ◽  
P. KOZAK ◽  
J. PICKOVA ◽  
P. KACER ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Lipids ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Plasma Lipid ◽  
Cardiovascular Prevention ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Spa Treatment ◽  
Age Over 60

Our previous study showed that a diet enriched with 400 g of carp per week improved plasma lipids in subjects after aortocoronary bypass (CABG). The aim of the present study is to determine whether the different carp farming systems have an impact on the effects of carp meat in secondary cardiovascular prevention. We examined 3 groups of patients after CABG over a 4-week period of spa treatment (108 persons, 73 males, 35 females, age over 60 years). We found no differences in baseline values of blood pressure or plasma lipids. The patients were given a standard spa diet (controls; N=36) or a diet enriched of 400 g of carp meat per week, enriched omega 3 (N=37) or cereal carp (N=35). Plasma lipid parameters were examined at start and after 4 weeks in a routine laboratory setting. Group consuming omega-3 carp showed the largest decline in total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, triglycerides and an increase in HDL cholesterol (all p<0.01). We found that carp meat from the two production systems showed significantly different effects on plasma lipids. Further trials should be performed to clarify the exact causes of the differences.

scholarly journals Effect of Yogurt Fermented by Lactobacillus Fermentum TSI and L. Fermentum S2 Derived from a Mongolian Traditional Dairy Product on Rats with High-Fat-Diet-Induced Obesity

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 594
Author(s):  
Won-Young Cho ◽  
Go-Eun Hong ◽  
Ha-Jung Lee ◽  
Su-Jung Yeon ◽  
Hyun-Dong Paik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Dairy Product ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Blood Lipid ◽  
Normal Diet ◽  
Lactobacillus Fermentum ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Diet Induced Obesity ◽  
Saline Administration

This study aimed to investigate the metabolic effect of yogurt fermented by Lactobacillus fermentum TSI and S2 isolated from a Mongolian traditional dairy product on rats with high-fat-diet-induced obesity. Quality characteristics of yogurt fermented by commercial starter (CON), L. fermentum TSI2 (TSI2 group), L. fermentum S2 (S2 group), and mixed TSI2 and S2 strains at 1:1 (MIX group), were verified. Six-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into five groups and administered the following diets: group NOR, normal diet with oral saline administration; group HF, high-fat diet (HD) with oral saline administration; group TSI, HD and L. fermentum TSI-fermented yogurt; group S2, HD and L. fermentum S2-fermented yogurt; and group MIX, HD and MIX-fermented yogurt. After eight weeks, the HD groups displayed significantly increased body weight and fat, serum cholesterol, and abdominal adipose tissue levels. However, serum HDL cholesterol levels were higher, triglyceride levels were lower, and abdominal adipocytes were smaller in the TSI and S2 groups than in the HF group. These results indicate that L. fermentum TSI reduces abdominal fat and improves blood lipid metabolism in HD-induced obese rats.

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