scholarly journals A national mixed-mode seroprevalence random population-based cohort on SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in France: the socio-epidemiological EpiCov study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josiane WARSZAWSKI ◽  
Nathalie BAJOS ◽  
Muriel BARLET ◽  
Xavier de LAMBALLERIE ◽  
Delphine RAHIB ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Survey Methodology ◽  
Poverty Line ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Living Conditions ◽  
The Other ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Population Census ◽  
Poverty Level ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact

Background: the EpiCov study, initiated at the end of the first national lockdown in France, aimed to provide national and regional estimates of the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection, and to analyze relations between living conditions and the dynamics of the epidemic. We present and discuss here the survey methodology, and describe the first-round fieldwork. Method: 371,000 individuals aged 15 years or more were randomly selected from the national tax register, stratified by departments, including three overseas departments, and by poverty level with over-representation of people living below the poverty line. Health, socio-economics, migration history, and living conditions were collected through self-computed-assisted web interviews or via computer-assisted telephone interviews. The first-round survey was conducted in May. A random subsample was eligible to receive material for home blood self-sample on dried blood spot (DBS), in order to detect IgG antibodies against the spike protein (Euroimmun ELISA-S), and neutralizing antibodies for non-negative ELISA-S. For the second-round conducted in November, all respondents were eligible for the antibodies detection from home DBS sample, as well as the other household members aged 6 years or more for 20% of them. Participation and adjustment for nonresponse: 134,391 respondents completed the first-round questionnaire from May 2 to June 1, 2020, including 16,970 (12.6%) respondents under the poverty line. Multimodal web/tel interviews was randomly assigned to 20% of the sample. The other were assigned to exclusive CAWI. Overall 17,441 respondents were eligible for home blood sample, among them 12,114 returned the DBS (interquartile date: May 25- June 5). The response probability was first estimated from logit models adjusted on a wide range of auxiliary demographic and socio-economic variables available from the sampling frame, and final weights calibrated to the margins of the population census permitted to correct for a large part of the non-response bias. Conclusion: The Epicov study is one of the largest national random population-based seroprevalence cohort, with both an epidemiological and sociological approaches to evaluate the spread of the COVID-19 epidemic, and the impact on health and living conditions. One of the major interests of this study is the broad coverage of the socio-economic and territorial diversity of the population.

scholarly journals ‘If a fight starts, watch the crowd’: The effect of violence on popular support for social movements

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 485-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordi Muñoz ◽  
Eva Anduiza
Keyword(s):  
Social Movements ◽  
Causal Effect ◽  
The Other ◽  
Popular Support ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Percentage Points ◽  
Street Violence ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Impact

Social movements often face tactic diversification. In otherwise nonviolent movements, some groups or radical flanks may resort to violent actions such as street rioting. This article analyzes the impact that these violent episodes can have on popular support for the movement as a whole. To estimate the causal effect of violence, it exploits an unexpected riot outbreak that occurred during the fieldwork of a face-to-face survey in Barcelona in May 2016, led by a squat group linked to the anti-austerity movement known as the 15-M or indignados that emerged during the financial crisis. By comparing respondents interviewed before and after the riots, it finds that the street violence episode reduced support for the 15-M movement by 12 percentage points on average. However, the magnitude of the effect is highly conditional on the respondents’ predispositions towards the movement. Core supporters, that are expected to share the frame of the movement in justifying violent actions, are the least affected by the violent outbreak. On the other extreme, weak supporters, opposers, and non-aligned citizens reduce their support to a larger extent. Results are robust to different specifications and a wide range of robustness checks. These findings have potentially important implications for movements concerned with broadening their support base.

Art History: A Very Short Introduction

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dana Arnold
Keyword(s):  
Visual Arts ◽  
Art History ◽  
The Other ◽  
Short Introduction ◽  
Western Art ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Critical Approaches ◽  
Key Aspects ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Global Art

Art history encompasses the study of the history and development of painting, sculpture, and the other visual arts. Art History: A Very Short Introduction considers the issues, debates, and artefacts that make up art history. It explores the emergence of social histories of art and, using a wide range of images, it discusses key aspects of the discipline including how we write about, present, read, and look at art, and the impact this has on our understanding of art history. This second edition includes a new chapter on global art histories, considering how the traditional emphasis on periods and styles in art originated in Western art and can obscure other critical approaches and artwork from non-Western cultures.

scholarly journals Impact of Psychological Consequences on Poverty: An Evidence from Pakistan

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 70-79
Author(s):  
Humaira Mumtaz ◽  
Iqbal Javed ◽  
Allah Bakhsh
Keyword(s):  
Marital Status ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Psychological Consequences ◽  
Poverty Level ◽  
World Value Survey ◽  
Interaction Variable ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact

The limitation and the complications which the economic agents are facing are studied in behavioral economics. The current study underhand is an attempt to explore the impact of psychological consequences on household incomes. The current study underhand used World Value Survey data for the years 2012-2014 for Pakistan. Simple Linear Regression analysis was used to measure the impact of psychological variables on the income of households in Pakistan. The results show that people with a more external locus of control positively affect their incomes, as they do believe in external factors like fate and luck for its success or failure. Creativity, loneliness, and positivity have a direct relation with income while mistrust and risk aversion have an inverse relation with income. Creative minds of individuals, freedom of choice to control their lives phenomenon have a strong, positive and significant association with income. Creativity at work increase income or regular work for just reward increase income. This means that the individuals who mistrust less are consequently quicker in taking economic decisions and would make investment planning that will lead to an increase in their income. A second estimated model of this study includes all socioeconomic variables which can determine the level of income. These variables cover a wide range of demographic and social variables. These socioeconomics variables are age, gender, level of education, number of children, marital status, interaction variable of marital status and age, a square of interaction variable of marital status and age, interaction variable of gender and age, a square of interaction variables of gender and age and dummies of the province. Results show that all these variables have a significant relation with income level. All the socioeconomic and demographic variables have a strong association with the level of income. It reveals that the dummy of marital status negatively influences the income, it means that an unmarried man can earn more than a married. This study suggested that policymakers should take initial steps to focus on human psychology while making efforts to reduce the poverty level.

scholarly journals Personal Culture Orientation and Consumer Cosmopolitanism: The Moderating Effects of Product Involvement

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Mu-En Chen
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
The Other ◽  
Product Involvement ◽  
Generational Cohort ◽  
Culture Studies ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Country Differences ◽  
The Impact

<p>Cosmopolitan consumers generally refer to individuals who are open and unbiased towards foreign products and identify as citizens of the world. Despite growing relevance of understanding consumer cosmopolitanism (COS) in today’s changing international landscape, both the construct itself is still not that well understood and operationalized, as well as its social and psychographic antecedent. In terms of culture studies, recent culture studies within the IB discipline continue to debate over the appropriate definitions of culture, as well as its conceptualization, operationalization, and especially measurement. This research aims to explore the impact of personal cultural orientations (PCOs), as individual-level culture value concepts, on COS, as well as the potential moderating role of product involvement (e.g., high- vs low-involvement products). Young-adult consumers in Taiwan and New Zealand were chosen to provide a contrast between a typical Western, Anglo-Saxon-based perspective and a typical Eastern, Asian, Confucian-based cultural context.  Overall, this study could not fully support PCOs as having a significant impact on COS, nor product involvement as a moderator. However, COS could not be tested as a second-order reflective latent construct as originally intended in the seminal paper by Riefler et al. (2012). Compared to Riefler et al. (2012)’s paper, differences can be observed in the sampling where Riefler et al. (2012) sampled respondents aged 19 to 93 years (mean=46.6). This suggests that young adults a generational cohort hold significantly different perspectives and dispositions to other generations and the overall population. This finding aligns with recent IB literature in looking for smaller ‘containers’ of culture.  Of the three PCOs tested, two displayed significant effects to COS in both country samples, but only to one dimension of the COS construct (Open-mindedness) and not the other (Diversity appreciation). Hence it is highly likely the PCOs tested in this study have significant effects on COS, if only COS could be operationalized as originally intended as discussed above. This points towards potential issues in appropriateness of the scales used for studies on young adults, as both the PCO and COS scales were developed on a wide range (age diverse) of respondents.  This study also showed that within-country differences appear to be smaller than across-country differences. This is not consistent with previous cross-cultural research in the IB literature, which suggest cultural values differ significantly at the individual level due to differences in individuals’ experiences. Again, such research was done on more diverse respondent populations, not a specific demographic cohort with distinct social experiences. This finding has implications for the general assumption that within-country differences are considerably larger than across-country differences, when it comes to cultural value studies. Thus, when focusing on a specific demographic generational cohort, it seems that even when it comes to representatives from two very diverse cultural backgrounds, one grounded in a more Western and Protestant-based cultural context with more independent identity construal and the other in a more Eastern and Confucian-based cultural context with more interdependent identity construal, my evidence shows grater tendency towards a generational archetype understanding of young adults.</p>

scholarly journals The Impact of Probiotics in Respiratory Diseases

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 148-156
Author(s):  
Rafee H. Askandar ◽  
Nasim Ebrahimi
Keyword(s):  
Tract Infection ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
The Other ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Recurrent Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Probiotic Treatment ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact

Probiotics are viable microorganisms that, if adequately administered, confer great benefits to the host for the prevention or treatment of a wide range of human diseases, including recurrent respiratory tract infection (RRTI), cystic fibrosis, allergies, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). One of the current problems is that the overuse of antibiotics during respiratory tract infection has led to increased resistance to them, which has been demonstrated in numerous examinations that specific lactic acid bacteria (LAB), one of the key probiotics, against bacterial and viral infections of the respiratory and gastrointestinal tract, have a protective effect. On the other hand, changes in the gastrointestinal and respiratory microbiomes, especially lactobacilli and bifidobacteria, lead to an increase in allergies and asthma and a balance in the microbiome may improve symptoms. Probiotics are able to increase the number and activity of leukocytes, neutrophils, and NK cells. They can also increase IL-10 expression and decrease the expression of inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-8. In addition, they maintain high levels of IgA and produce bacteriocin and ruterin that have antimicrobial activity. Without identifying the specific properties of the probiotic strains and identifying the precise mechanism of their action, probiotic treatment would only be a large hypothesis because the therapeutic and clinical outcomes are different. On the other hand, metagenomics have provided information on how the microbiome interacts with host physiology, leading to new therapeutic targets.

scholarly journals The Role of Mitochondrial Impairment and Oxidative Stress in the Pathogenesis of Lithium-Induced Reproductive Toxicity in Male Mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Mehdi Ommati ◽  
Mohammad Reza Arabnezhad ◽  
Omid Farshad ◽  
Akram Jamshidzadeh ◽  
Hossein Niknahad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Reproductive Toxicity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mitochondrial Depolarization ◽  
Mitochondrial Impairment ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Testis Tissue

Lithium (Li+) is prescribed against a wide range of neurological disorders. Besides its excellent therapeutic properties, there are several adverse effects associated with Li+. The impact of Li+ on renal function and diabetes insipidus is the most common adverse effect of this drug. On the other hand, infertility and decreased libido is another complication associated with Li+. It has been found that sperm indices of functionality, as well as libido, is significantly reduced in Li+-treated men. These adverse effects might lead to drug incompliance and the cessation of drug therapy. Hence, the main aims of the current study were to illustrate the mechanisms of adverse effects of Li+ on the testis tissue, spermatogenesis process, and hormonal changes in two experimental models. In the in vitro experiments, Leydig cells (LCs) were isolated from healthy mice, cultured, and exposed to increasing concentrations of Li+ (0, 10, 50, and 100 ppm). In the in vivo section of the current study, mice were treated with Li+ (0, 10, 50, and 100 ppm, in drinking water) for five consecutive weeks. Testis and sperm samples were collected and assessed. A significant sign of cytotoxicity (LDH release and MTT assay), along with disrupted testosterone biosynthesis, impaired mitochondrial indices (ATP level and mitochondrial depolarization), and increased biomarkers of oxidative stress were detected in LCs exposed to Li+. On the other hand, a significant increase in serum and testis Li+ levels were detected in drug-treated mice. Moreover, ROS formation, LPO, protein carbonylation, and increased oxidized glutathione (GSSG) were detected in both testis tissue and sperm specimens of Li+-treated mice. Several sperm anomalies were also detected in Li+-treated animals. On the other hand, sperm mitochondrial indices (mitochondrial dehydrogenases activity and ATP levels) were significantly decreased in drug-treated groups where mitochondrial depolarization was increased dose-dependently. Altogether, these data mention oxidative stress and mitochondrial impairment as pivotal mechanisms involved in Li+-induced reproductive toxicity. Therefore, based on our previous publications in this area, therapeutic options, including compounds with high antioxidant properties that target these points might find a clinical value in ameliorating Li+-induced adverse effects on the male reproductive system.

scholarly journals Utilization of Spinal Intra-operative Three-dimensional Navigation by Canadian Surgeons and Trainees: A Population-based Time Trend Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daipayan Guha ◽  
Ali Moghaddamjou ◽  
Zaneen H. Jiwani ◽  
Naif M. Alotaibi ◽  
Michael G. Fehlings ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Spinal Instrumentation ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Assisted Navigation ◽  
Capital Costs ◽  
Orthopedic Surgeons ◽  
Surgical Trainees ◽  
Single Payer ◽  
The Impact

AbstractBackgroundComputer-assisted navigation (CAN) improves the accuracy of spinal instrumentation in vertebral fractures and degenerative spine disease; however, it is not widely adopted because of lack of training, high capital costs, workflow hindrances, and accuracy concerns. We characterize shifts in the use of spinal CAN over time and across disciplines in a single-payer health system, and assess the impact of intra-operative CAN on trainee proficiency across Canada.MethodsA prospectively maintained Ontario database of patients undergoing spinal instrumentation from 2005 to 2014 was reviewed retrospectively. Data were collected on treated pathology, spine region, surgical approach, institution type, and surgeon specialty. Trainee proficiency with CAN was assessed using an electronic questionnaire distributed across 15 Canadian orthopedic surgical and neurosurgical programs.ResultsIn our provincial cohort, 16.8% of instrumented fusions were CAN-guided. Navigation was used more frequently in academic institutions (15.9% vs. 12.3%, p<0.001) and by neurosurgeons than orthopedic surgeons (21.0% vs. 12.4%, p<0.001). Of residents and fellows 34.1% were fully comfortable using spinal CAN, greater for neurosurgical than orthopedic surgical trainees (48.1% vs. 11.8%, p=0.008). The use of CAN increased self-reported proficiency in thoracic instrumentation for all trainees by 11.0% (p=0.036), and in atlantoaxial instrumentation for orthopedic trainees by 18.0% (p=0.014).ConclusionsSpinal CAN is used most frequently by neurosurgeons and in academic centers. Most spine surgical trainees are not fully comfortable with the use of CAN, but report an increase in technical comfort with CAN guidance particularly for thoracic instrumentation. Increased education in spinal CAN for trainees, particularly at the fellowship stage and, specifically, for orthopedic surgery, may improve adoption.

Biosolids Incorporation in Mediterranean Soils Increase Phosphate Adsorption

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaniv Freiberg ◽  
Pinchas Fine ◽  
Michael Borisover ◽  
Shahar Baram
Keyword(s):  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Solid Matrix ◽  
Phosphate Adsorption ◽  
Adsorption Parameters ◽  
Adsorption Sites ◽  
Fe Oxides ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Mediterranean Soils ◽  
The Impact

&lt;p&gt;Contradictory data exists on the impact of biosolids incorporation on ortho-phosphate (IP) binding to arid and semi-arid Mediterranean soils. We used two mature organic amendments (OA) with low IP solubility to study the effect of OAs addition on the IP adsorption parameters of Mediterranean soils. Seven soils, encompassing a wide range of mechanical, chemical and mineralogical properties, were mixed with a biosolids compost (DSC) at 9:1 ratio (w/w dry weight basis). The soils and mixtures were either incubated for seven years under constant temperature (30&amp;#8451;) and moisture content (80% of 30&amp;#160;kPa tension) or were unincubated. IP adsorption parameters were also measured in not-incubated soil DSC mixtures at 97:3 ratio. In all the soils, DSC addition significantly increased the IP adsorption capacities (by Langmuir's model) from 126 to 397 mg&amp;#160;IP kg&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt; in the soils to 254 through 669 mg&amp;#160;IP kg&lt;sup&gt;-1 &lt;/sup&gt;in the soil-DSC-mixtures. The increased capacities were accompanied by a significant decrease in the adsorption affinities, from values of 0.12 to 1.02 L kg&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt; in the soils to 0.05 and 0.25 L kg&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt; in the mixtures. Biosolids addition at 97:3 ratio had a similar effect on the IP adsorption parameters as the 9:1 ratio. These two IP adsorption parameters continued to change along the incubation. The other OA tested was a municipal solid waste compost (MSWC), which was mixed with two montmorillonitic soils at 97:3 ratio (soil:OA), one with high lime and low Al/Fe-oxides contents and the other with low lime and high Al/Fe-oxides content. OA addition increased the IP adsorption capacity in the lime-rich soil, while it did not affect the other. Overall, our results show that the solid matrix of the two OA's used by us embodied IP adsorption sites, most likely through metal bridging with Ca&lt;sup&gt;2+&lt;/sup&gt;, which increases the total adsorption capacity of the soil-OA mixture. Concomitantly, DOM from the OAs competes with IP on adsorption sites reducing the soil's adsorption capacity. The magnitude of each one of these two processes depends on the soil and the added OA characteristic and will determine the overall change in the soil's capability to retain IP after biosolids incorporation.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals Beneficial Influence of Soybean Lecithin Nanoparticles on Rooster Frozen–Thawed Semen Quality and Fertility

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1769
Author(s):  
Lingwei Sun ◽  
Mengqian He ◽  
Caifeng Wu ◽  
Shushan Zhang ◽  
Jianjun Dai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Semen Quality ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Soybean Lecithin ◽  
Sperm Quality ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mitochondrial Activity ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
The Impact

The present study aimed to investigate the impact of different concentrations (0%, 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, and 2.0%) of nano-soybean lecithin (SL) in the extender on sperm quality, sperm motion characteristics, and fertility outcomes of post-thawed rooster semen. Adult Ross broiler breeder roosters (n = 20) were subjected to semen collections twice a week for three weeks. At each collection, semen samples were pooled and allocated into five treatments corresponding to different nano-SL concentrations (control, SL0.5, SL1.0, SL1.5, and SL2.0). Sperm parameters, including motility (collected using a computer-assisted sperm analysis system), plasma membrane and acrosome integrities, and mitochondrial activity were assessed. Sperm malondialdehyde (MDA) and antioxidant activities (total antioxidant capacity (TAC); superoxide dismutase (SOD); glutathione peroxidase (GPx)) were evaluated. The fertility and hatchability obtained with frozen–thawed rooster semen supplemented with the optimum nano-SL concentration were assessed after artificial insemination. The results showed that the addition of 1% nano-SL into the extender led to a higher semen motility in roosters, improved plasma membrane and acrosome integrities, and higher mitochondrial activity of post-thawed rooster semen in comparison to controls (p < 0.05). The MDA levels in the SL0.5 and SL1.0 groups were lower than the other groups (p < 0.05). TAC activities in SL0.5, SL1.0, and SL1.5 groups were significantly higher than those in the other groups (p < 0.05). It was observed that the concentration of SOD was higher in the SL1.0 group than in the other groups (p < 0.05). The activity of GPx was not influenced in any of the cases (p > 0.05). Moreover, the percentages of fertility and hatchability in the SL1.0 group were higher (56.36% and 58.06%) than those in the control group (42.72% and 40.43%). In summary, the addition of nano-SL to the extenders enhanced the post-thawed semen quality and fertility of roosters by reducing the level of oxidative stress. The optimum nano-SL concentration was 1.0%. These results may be beneficial for improving the efficacy of semen cryopreservation procedures in poultry breeding.

scholarly journals Lipoprotein(a) levels are not independently associated with endogenous steroid hormone levels, in contrast to other non-genetic and genetic factors: the population-based SKIPOGH study

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
E Tessitore ◽  
K Dobretz ◽  
N A Dhayat ◽  
S Estoppey ◽  
I Kern ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Steroid Hormone ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Endogenous Hormone ◽  
Genetic Origin ◽  
Lipoprotein A ◽  
Hormone Levels ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Endogenous Steroid

Abstract Introduction Lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] is an LDL-like molecule that is likely causally related to cardiovascular events. Lp(a) levels are highly variable, by more two orders of magnitude, and most of this variability appears to be of genetic origin. Exogenous hormones (hormone replacement therapy) seem to influence Lp(a) levels, but the impact of the variation of endogenous hormone levels on Lp(a) is unknown. Purpose To investigate the association between Lp(a) levels and non-genetic factors, as endogenous steroid hormone levels, in contrast to genetic factors. Methods We investigated the association of 28 endogenous steroids with Lp(a) levels and compared the association to other non-genetic and genetic variables in a prospective, population-based sample (N=1,021). Results The average age of the participants was 51 years and 53% were female. Median Lp(a) levels were 62 (±204) mg/l and the 90th and 99th percentile of Lp(a) was 616mg/l and 1035 mg/l respectively. The prevalence of a Lp(a) elevation ≥700mg/l was 3.2% and Lp(a) varied greatly from undetectable to 1,690mg/l. Age explained 2.0% of Lp(a) variability (p&lt;0.001), 1% was explained by LDL levels (p=0.001), and 40% by two single nucleotide polymorphisms near the Lp(a) gene that have been previously described. Lp(a) levels were on average almost two times more elevated in secondary prevention and in individuals with very elevated LDL levels (≥4.9 mmol/l). Of the 28 endogenous steroid hormones assessed, 5-androstene-3b,16α,17β-triol, androsterone, 16α-hydroxy DHEA, and estriol were nominatively associated with serum Lp(a) levels and explained 0.4–1% of Lp(a) variability in univariate analyses, but they did not reach significance in multi-variate models. Conclusion Our results confirm previous findings demonstrating that the majority of the Lp(a) variation in the general population is of genetic origin. Age and LDL-levels explain a further small part of Lp(a) variability. Endogenous hormone levels do not contribute significantly to the wide range of variability. FUNDunding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: None. Coefficient plot Lp(a) and variables

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