scholarly journals Wastewater Surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 across 40 U.S. states

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fuqing Wu ◽  
Amy Xiao ◽  
Jianbo Zhang ◽  
Katya Moniz ◽  
Noriko Endo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
People Detection ◽  
High Detection Rate ◽  
Detection Rates ◽  
High Detection ◽  
Catchment Size ◽  
Treatment Facilities ◽  
Community Outbreaks

Wastewater-based disease surveillance is a promising approach for monitoring community outbreaks. Here we describe a nationwide campaign to monitor SARS-CoV-2 in the wastewater of 159 counties in 40 U.S. states, covering 13% of the U.S. population from February 18 to June 2, 2020. Out of 1,751 total samples analyzed, 846 samples were positive for SARS-CoV-2 RNA, with overall viral concentrations declining from April to May. Wastewater viral titers were consistent with, and appeared to precede, clinical COVID-19 surveillance indicators, including daily new cases. Wastewater surveillance had a high detection rate (>80%) of SARS-CoV-2 when the daily incidence exceeded 13 per 100,000 people. Detection rates were positively associated with wastewater treatment plant catchment size. To our knowledge, this work represents the largest-scale wastewater-based SARS-CoV-2 monitoring campaign to date, encompassing a wide diversity of wastewater treatment facilities and geographic locations. Our findings demonstrate that a national wastewater-based approach to disease surveillance may be feasible and effective.

Stages of launching a biological treatment plant at the wastewater treatment facilities with dosing easily oxidable organic matter

2021 ◽  
pp. 38-46
Author(s):  
В.А. Кондрашев ◽  
С.Г. Метелица
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Commercial Fishing ◽  
Effluent Quality ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Numerous Experimental Data ◽  
Treatment Facilities ◽  
Equipment Configuration

Рассмотрены вопросы, связанные с проведением пусконаладочных работ биоблока станции очистки хозяйственно-бытовых и близких к ним по составу сточных вод при пробном пуске в эксплуатацию очистных сооружений. Подробно рассмотрены этапы пусконаладочных работ биоблока очистных сооружений с «затравкой» активным илом из действующих биологических очистных сооружений и с дозировкой легкоокисляемой органики. Описан состав оборудования станции КОС-9 производства «Гермес Групп». Рассмотрены все этапы пусконаладочных работ биоблока на примере запуска очистных сооружений КОС-9 с привлечением многочисленных опытных данных. Определены периоды этапов пусконаладки биоблока. Приведены проблемы наладки биоблока и пути их решения с достижением требуемого результата. Технология, используемая на станции, обеспечивает очистку сточных вод, соответствующую требованиям, предъявляемым к выпуску очищенных стоков в водоем рыбохозяйственного значения. Issues related to commissioning a biological treatment plant at the facilities for household and similar in composition wastewater treatment during the trial start of the treatment facilities are considered. The stages of commissioning a biological treatment plant at the wastewater treatment facilities with «inoculating» activated sludge from the operating biological treatment facilities and with dosing easily oxidable organic matter are considered in detail. The equipment configuration of the WWTP-9 produced by Germes Group is described. All stages of the biological treatment plant commissioning are considered through the example of the start-up of WWTP-9 with the use of numerous experimental data. The periods of biological treatment plant commissioning stages have been determined. The problems of adjusting the biological treatment plant and the ways of their elimination to achieve the required result are presented. The technology used at the WWT facilities provides for the effluent quality that meets the requirements for the discharge into a water body of commercial fishing importance.

scholarly journals Assessment of wastewater treatment plant effluent impact on the ecosystem of the river on the basis of the quantitative development of ciliated protozoa characteristic of the aeration tank

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Babko ◽  
V. Pliashechnyk ◽  
T. Kuzmina ◽  
Y. Danko ◽  
J. Szulżyk-Cieplak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plant ◽  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Aeration Tank ◽  
Quantitative Characteristics ◽  
Quantitative Development ◽  
Treatment Facilities ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The work is devoted to the task of simplifying the assessment of the effect of effluents from treatment facilities on the river hydrobiocenosis. The studies were carried out on the mountain river Uzh (Uzhgorod, Ukraine). Our approach to assessing the impact of waste treatment facilities on the river receiver is based on the estimate of the similarity of species composition and quantitative characteristics of populations of organisms from the aerotank and from the river. It is shown that the quantitative development of populations of species of ciliates from the aeration tank is a good indicator for assessing the degradation of organic matter coming with wastewater. The use of qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the protozoa from the wastewater treatment plant as a criterion for assessing the quality of the environment in the area of wastewater discharge showed their representativeness and effectiveness. The use of a limited number of species makes it possible to conduct an express assessment of the effect of effluents on receiving reservoirs for specialists working with activated sludge in the laboratories of treatment facilities.

scholarly journals Upgrade of a petrochemical wastewater treatment plant by an upflow anaerobic pond

2000 ◽  
Vol 42 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 269-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Noyola ◽  
H. Macarie ◽  
F. Varela ◽  
S. Landrieu ◽  
R. Marcelo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Terephthalic Acid ◽  
Degradation Kinetics ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Organic Load ◽  
Petrochemical Plant ◽  
Expected Performance ◽  
Treatment Facilities ◽  
Two Stages

A petrochemical plant producing terephthalic acid faced a saturation of its wastewater treatment facilities due to an increase in production. In fact, the plant has been growing in recent years, and the effluents have been treated by reproducing the original activated sludge design. However, owing to lack of space, as well as energy consumption and sludge production reaching a certain level, the plant considered other options for coping with the new effluent flow and organic load. Based on the authors' previous experience with this wastewater, the consultant designed a process consisting of modifying an existing pond, in order to add an anaerobic step before the aerobic tanks already in operation. The anaerobic pond is a three-stage process, all included in the same adapted basin, with a distribution system in the bottom of each stage that creates an upflow pattern. Terephthalic acid wastewater is a mixture of several organic acids, with different anaerobic degradation kinetics, acetic and benzoic acids being more rapidly removed; the staged design takes this into account. The first two stages have a plastic floating cover (5,813 m3 and 8,719 m3 volume, respectively), while the third one is a conventional UASB type reactor (6,276 m3 volume) with a gas-liquid-solid separation device on top. The design wastewater flow is 230 m3/h, with 10,300 mg/l COD, a pH of 4.5 and a temperature of 40 °C. There is an effluent recycling pump (510 m3/h) to control upflow velocities and eventual acidification problems in the first two stages. The reactor, seeded with anaerobically adapted waste sludge from the aerobic plant, is now under start up, with the expected performance.

scholarly journals The biomass, survival, reproductive and biomarker responses of Helix pomatia to soil contaminated with treated and untreated wastewater.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Semase Matseleng ◽  
Ozekeke Ogbeide ◽  
Patricks' Otomo Voua
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Helix Pomatia ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Invertebrate Fauna ◽  
Untreated Wastewater ◽  
Industrial Town ◽  
Treatment Facilities

Abstract Wastewater treatment facilities in developing countries like South Africa are major sources of contaminants via effluent into the environment, which could portend high toxicity risks for non-target flora and fauna. To this end, a study was conducted to determine the ecotoxicological responses of selected organism to treated and untreated wastewater from the wastewater treatment plants in an industrial town. The snail Helix pomatia was exposed to OECD artificial soil spiked with untreated or treated wastewater at the following concentrations: 0, 25, 50, 75, 100%. The ecotoxicological responses of Helix pomatia to wastewater were determined by assessing the biomass, survival, reproduction and biomarker responses (Catalase ‒ CAT and Acetylcholinesterase ‒ AChE activities). The overall results showed significant effects on the survival, reproduction and biomass of H. pomatia. Similar results were observed for juvenile emergence. An EC50 of 5.751% for egg production and an EC50 of 6.233% for juvenile emergence were determined in the untreated wastewater. Such indices could not be computed for the treated wastewater, indicating a decreased in toxicity between the untreated and the treated samples. For both the AChE and CAT activities, there was no statistical difference between treated and untreated wastewater treatments. The results from this study highlight the toxic effects of untreated wastewater and indicate that treated wastewater (effluent) released from the wastewater treatment plant in Phuthaditjhaba remains suitable for invertebrate fauna such as H. pomatia.

scholarly journals Operational characteristics of the paper factory's biological wastewater treatment facilities

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 162-167
Author(s):  
Yu. A. Feofanov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Organic Pollution ◽  
Oxidative Capacity ◽  
Biological Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Cleaning Efficiency ◽  
Operational Characteristics ◽  
Treatment Facilities ◽  
Paper And Pulp

The results of the biological wastewater treatment facilities of the paper factory using raw materials of different kinds (waste paper and pulp) are analyzed. The main performance characteristics of these structures (oxidative capacity for organic pollution and cleaning efficiency) at different loads on them have been determined. Recommendations have been worked out to improve the performance and efficiency of the treatment plant.

Automation of a Petroleum Refinery Wastewater Treatment Plant:A Case Study

1989 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 451-462
Author(s):  
Robert J. Shantz ◽  
Virginia B. Erickson
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Control System ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Computer Control ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Oil Refinery ◽  
Operating Costs ◽  
Computer Control System ◽  
Treatment Facilities ◽  
Labor Requirements

Abstract Historically, automation was not considered for wastewater treatment plants because it did not significantly affect operating costs, and manual plant operation was considered acceptable. Despite past practices, the BP Oil Refinery at Marcus Hook, Pennsylvania set a new standard when they began upgrading their wastewater facility in 1985. By automating the plant, they ensured safe, reliable operation with minimum labor requirements, process optimization, and long-term reductions in operating costs. Major design features included: a distributed computer control system with monitoring and supervisory capabilities; high-quality control system instruments; control system components; and redundancy and backup to support operation if a component or power failure occurs. In addition, design control philosophies remained consistent from predesign to startup. This advanced wastewater treatment plant can serve as a model for automation of future industrial treatment facilities.

Introduction of membrane technologies at the wastewater treatment facilities of Molodezhnoe settlement

2021 ◽  
pp. 26-32
Author(s):  
В.А. Кузьмин ◽  
О.А. Ломинога ◽  
Е.Г. Колоскова
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Colloidal Particles ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Phosphorus Compounds ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Aeration Tank ◽  
Membrane Unit ◽  
Treatment Facilities

Представлен опыт внедрения технологии мембранной очистки сточных вод на канализационных очистных сооружениях поселка Молодежное (Санкт-Петербург). В состав очистных сооружений входят: главная насосная станция, комбинированная установка механической очистки сточных вод, усреднитель, биореактор (аэротенк, работающий по технологии нитри-денитрификации) для глубокого удаления азота, мембранный биореактор, установка ультрафиолетового обеззараживания сточных вод, шнековый пресс обезвоживания избыточного активного ила, станция дозирования реагента сульфата алюминия для химического удаления фосфорных соединений (фосфатов). Очищенные и обеззараженные сточные воды сбрасываются через глубоководный выпуск в Финский залив. Мембранная фильтрация обеспечивает глубокую доочистку от мелкодисперсных взвешенных веществ и коллоидных частиц. Для достижения стабильного качества очищенных сточных вод при эксплуатации мембранных модулей необходимо строго выполнять следующие требования: высокая эффективность удаления отбросов на решетках; предотвращение попадания посторонних включений в биореактор после механической очистки; обеспечение высокой концентрации ила в аэротенке и мембранном блоке; своевременная химическая промывка мембран. В ходе опытной эксплуатации очистных сооружений пос. Молодежное была отмечена неравномерность нагрузки как гидравлической, так и по загрязняющим веществам. За период эксплуатации были отлажены режимы работы станции с учетом неравномерности характеристик поступающего стока с выходом на проектные параметры технологической линии очистки сточных вод. The experience of introducing membrane wastewater treatment technology at the wastewater treatment facilities in Molodezhnoe settlement (St. Petersburg) is presented. The treatment facilities include: a main pumping station, a combined mechanical wastewater treatment plant, a wastewater regulator, a bioreactor (aeration tank operating using nitri-denitrification technology) for enhanced nitrogen removal, a membrane bioreactor, an ultraviolet effluent disinfection unit, a screw press for excess activated sludge dewatering, aluminum sulfate dosing unit for the chemical removal of phosphorus compounds (phosphates). The effluent after disinfection is discharged through a deep-water outlet into the Gulf of Finland. Membrane filtration provides for the enhanced tertiary treatment to remove fine suspended solids and colloidal particles. To achieve a stable quality of the effluent during the operation of membrane modules, the following requirements shall be strictly met: the high efficiency of screenings removal; prevention of the ingress of foreign particles into the bioreactor after mechanical treatment; high concentration of sludge in the aeration tank and membrane unit; timely chemical washing of the membranes. During the trial operation of the treatment facilities in Molodezhnoe, the irregular hydraulic and pollution loading was noted. During the operation period the operating modes of the facilities were adjusted with account of the irregular characteristics of the incoming flow while achieving the design parameters of the process line of wastewater treatment.

A procedure for estimating the capital cost of Ontario wastewater treatment plant using CAPDET

1988 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 799-806 ◽  
Author(s):  
David G. Wright ◽  
Gilles G. Patry ◽  
Charles E. Letman ◽  
Donald R. Woods
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Cost Estimation ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Construction Cost ◽  
Capital Cost ◽  
Specific Design ◽  
Cost Estimates ◽  
Unit Costs ◽  
Treatment Facilities

CAPDET is a computer-assisted procedure for the design and evaluation of wastewater treatment facilities developed by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. The purpose of this study was to develop a procedure for applying CAPDET to the capital cost estimation of Canadian wastewater treatment plants without altering the source code. The proposed methodology is simple and efficient, requiring no additional data to that normally used in CAPDET.A total of 10 Canadian wastewater treatment plants were studied which included many of the treatment processes used in Canada. Six plants were used to develop the procedure while four plants were used to verify the procedure. The design flow for the selected plants ranged between 550 and 13 600 m3/d. Construction cost estimates generated using site-specific design information were compared with those obtained using the default database provided in CAPDET. The importance of the various unit costs on the total plant cost was also determined.Under the proposed methodology, unit costs are first adjusted to the date of construction using appropriate inflation indices. Wall concrete, slab concrete, and excavation costs are increased by an additional 15, 50, and 25%, respectively, to account for differences in construction practice. A final estimate reduction of 15% is performed to account for Canadian conditions.The procedure provides construction cost estimates that are within ± 20% of actual construction costs with a mean absolute error of 11% and an average error of 2.3%. Site-specific design data had little effect on the construction cost estimates with the exception of lagoon treatment facilities. Utilities and support facilities accounted for 20–30% of the cost estimates. The most significant cost parameters were the inflation index values and concrete and building unit costs. Key words: capital cost, construction cost estimation, wastewater treatment plant, mathematical modelling, calibration, verification.

scholarly journals Occurrence and reduction of F-specific RNA bacteriophage genotypes as indicators of human norovirus at a wastewater treatment plant

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suntae Lee ◽  
Mamoru Suwa ◽  
Hiroyuki Shigemura
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Case Scenario ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Treatment Facilities ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Human Enteric Viruses ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract F-specific RNA bacteriophages (FRNAPHs) have been suggested as good indicators of the presence of human enteric viruses in water treatment facilities. The occurrence and reduction of norovirus (NoV) and FRNAPH genotypes in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) have been well studied; however, the relationship between these genotypes in WWTPs has not been fully elucidated. Thus, we aimed to investigate the occurrence and reduction of FRNAPH genotypes in an attempt to identify NoV indicators in a WWTP via a 1-year survey. All FRNAPH and NoV genotypes were detected in WWTP influents at high rates (71–100%), including the infectious FRNAPH genotype IV (GIV), which has been rarely detected in previous studies. The reductions of FRNAPH GII and NoV GII during wastewater treatment indicated a relationship between the two (r = 0.69, P < 0.01), and the mean values were not significantly different. These results suggested that FRNAPH GII could be used as an appropriate indicator of NoV GII during wastewater treatment. FRNAPH GI was also found to be an appropriate indicator of viral reduction because of its high resistance to wastewater treatment compared with the other FRNAPH and NoV genotypes; therefore, it can be considered as a worst-case scenario organism.

Optimization of WWTP aeration process upgrades for energy efficiency

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Y. Bell ◽  
S. Abel
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Power Consumption ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
The United States ◽  
Background Information ◽  
Direct Drive ◽  
Dissolved Oxygen Control ◽  
Treatment Facilities

The volatility of energy prices, desire to improve sustainability, recently proposed legislation, and energy-efficiency project funding have created big opportunities to improve energy and operation efficiency at most water and wastewater facilities. One mechanism of developing these opportunities is through energy management planning. Focusing on wastewater treatment, the majority of electrical energy demand is required for the delivery of air to provide oxygen for biological treatment of waste streams and mixing to suspend solids within process units. Aeration processes can account for 60 percent or more of the overall power consumption at a wastewater treatment plant. Consequently, the recent introduction of direct-drive, high-speed, turbo blowers to the wastewater market has been of great interest with respect to potential energy savings, as well as other ancillary benefits. Given the significant power consumption required by aeration systems at wastewater treatment facilities, demonstration investigations have been conducted to identify the magnitude of energy savings that wastewater treatment facilities could expect. These studies have shown that energy savings in excess of 35 percent can easily be achieved by replacing existing conventional blower technology with direct-drive turbo blowers. Even greater energy savings are anticipated if other process upgrades, such as automatic dissolved oxygen control, is implemented. This paper provides background information on turbo-blower technology and specific findings from demonstration studies in the United States (U.S.).

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