scholarly journals Remote Assessment of Cognition in Kids and Adolescents with Daytime Sleepiness: A pilot study of feasibility and reliability

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Worhach ◽  
Madeline Boduch ◽  
Bo Zhang ◽  
Kiran Maski
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Daytime Sleepiness ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Design Matrix ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Verbal Iq ◽  
Testing Conditions ◽  
Iq Scores ◽  
Matrix Reasoning

In this pilot study, we assessed the reliability of cognitive testing for kids and adolescents ages 8-19 years of age with narcolepsy or subjective daytime sleepiness compared to healthy controls. Forty-six participants took part in the study (n=18 with narcolepsy type 1, n=6 with subjective daytime sleepiness, and n= 22 healthy controls recruited from the community). Participants completed verbal (vocabulary testing) and non-verbal intelligence quotient (IQ) tasks (block design, matrix reasoning) from the Weschler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence- Second Edition (WASI-II) in-person or remotely in their home through a HIPAA compliant telehealth web platform with conditions counterbalanced. We found that vocabulary T-scores showed good reliability with intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of 0.76 (95% CI: 0.64, 0.85) between remote and in-person testing conditions. Matrix Reasoning T-scores showed moderate reliability ( ICC 0.69, 95% CI: 0.68, 0.90) and Block Design T-scores was poor between testing conditions. Bland-Altman plots showed outliers on vocabulary and matrix reasoning tasks performed better on remote assessments. Overall, the results of this pilot study support the feasibility and reliability of verbal and non-verbal IQ scores collected by telehealth. Use of telehealth to collect verbal and non-verbal IQ scores may offer a means to acquire cognitive data for pediatric sleep research through the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond.

scholarly journals Remote Assessment of Pediatric Patients with Daytime Sleepiness and Healthy Controls: A Pilot Study of Feasibility and Reliability

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 2329048X2110480
Author(s):  
Jennifer Worhach ◽  
Madeline Boduch ◽  
Bo Zhang ◽  
Kiran Maski
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Daytime Sleepiness ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Cognitive Testing ◽  
Design Matrix ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Good Reliability ◽  
Testing Conditions ◽  
Matrix Reasoning

We assessed the reliability of cognitive testing for children and adolescents ages 8 to 19 years of age with narcolepsy or subjective daytime sleepiness compared to healthy controls. Forty-six participants took part in the study ( n = 18 narcolepsy type 1, n = 6 subjective daytime sleepiness, and n = 22 healthy controls). Participants completed verbal (vocabulary testing) and non-verbal intelligence quotient (IQ) tasks (block design, matrix reasoning) from the Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence- Second Edition (WASI-II) in-person or remotely through a HIPAA compliant telehealth platform with conditions counterbalanced. We found that vocabulary T-scores showed good reliability with intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of 0.76 (95% CI: 0.64, 0.85) between remote and in-person testing conditions. Matrix Reasoning T-scores showed moderate reliability (ICC 0.69, 95% CI: 0.68, 0.90) and Block Design T-scores was poor between testing conditions. Overall, the results of this pilot study support the feasibility and reliability of verbal and non-verbal IQ scores collected by telehealth.

scholarly journals The relationship between intelligence and orientation discrimination skills

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyriaki Mikellidou ◽  
Nefeli Lambrou ◽  
Ellada Georgiou ◽  
Marios Avraamides
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Human Cognition ◽  
Orientation Discrimination ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Verbal Iq ◽  
Matrix Reasoning

AbstractWe investigate the notion that basic visual information is acting as a building block for more complex cognitive processes. Specifically, we measure individual orientation discrimination thresholds report good correlations against IQ, verbal-IQ and non-verbal IQ scores. Further we calculate correlations between the four WASI-II subtests and orientation discrimination thresholds, with Matrix Reasoning maintaining the strongest relationship, even when controlling for the effects of the other three subtests. Vocabulary raw scores which quantify the ability to describe verbally a specific word, showed the second strongest correlation, when controlling for the effects of Matrix Reasoning and Block Design, but not Similarities. Our results demonstrate that low-level visual abilities and high-level cognitive processes are more tightly interwoven together than previously thought, generating evidence to show that vision is tightly linked to human cognition.Statement of RelevanceVision is one of the building blocks of our world experience through thoughts, emotions and actions. It is undeniably the sense upon which we rely the most, while working, driving, reading a book, dancing. So, it should come as no surprise that the intelligence quotient (IQ), widely used in the modern world to assess the cognitive abilities of a person in relation to their age group correlates well with visual abilities. Previous studies have demonstrated that pitch and colour discrimination, motion discrimination and contrast discrimination abilities are tightly linked to IQ. In this study we demonstrate for the first time, that the simplest visual ability, orientation discrimination which is computed by neurons in the primary visual cortex is tightly linked to intelligence. We believe a simple and quick orientation discrimination task could be used as an index of intelligence in clinical populations and other species, in addition to traditional measures.

Assessing Early Childhood Fluid Reasoning in Low- and Middle-Income Nations: Validity of the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence Across Seven MAL-ED Sites

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 256-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda Ruan-Iu ◽  
Laura L. Pendergast ◽  
Muneera Rasheed ◽  
Fahmida Tofail ◽  
Erling Svensen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Design Matrix ◽  
Enteric Disease ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Primary Scale ◽  
Fluid Reasoning ◽  
Picture Completion ◽  
Multiple Indicator ◽  
Mimic Modeling ◽  
Matrix Reasoning

An adapted version of the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence—Third Edition (WPPSI-III) was administered to assess cognitive functioning among 1,253 5-year-old children from the Malnutrition and Enteric Disease (MAL-ED) study—an international, multisite study investigating multiple aspects of child development. In this study, the factor structure and invariance of the WPPSI-III were examined across seven international research sites located in Bangladesh, Brazil, India, Nepal, Pakistan, South Africa, and Tanzania. Using a multiple indicator multiple cause (MIMIC) modeling approach, the findings supported the validity of a fluid reasoning dimension (comprised of block design, matrix reasoning, and picture completion subscales) across each of the seven sites, although the scores were noninvariant. Accordingly, these scores are recommended for research purposes and understanding relationships between variables but not for mean comparisons or clinical purposes.

European Differences in Self-Perceived Multiple Intelligences

1999 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 131-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian Furnham ◽  
Tim Rakow ◽  
Ivan Sarmany-Schuller ◽  
Filip De Fruyt
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Multiple Intelligences ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Verbal Iq ◽  
Sex Effects ◽  
Iq Scores ◽  
Culture Differences ◽  
Three Factor

In this study, 140 Belgian, 227 British, and 177 Slovakian students estimated their own multiple IQ scores as well as that of their parents (mother and father) and siblings (first and second brother and sister). Various factor analyses yielded a clear three-factor structure replicating previous studies. A sex × culture ANOVA on self-ratings of three factors that underline the seven intelligences (verbal, numerical, cultural) showed culture and sex effects as well as interactions. As predicted, males rated their own overall IQ, though not that of their parents or siblings, higher than females did. Males also rated their numerical IQ, but not their verbal or cultural IQ, higher than females did. There were few culture differences but many interactions, nearly all caused by Slovakian females, who rated aspects of their own and their fathers' IQ higher than Slovakian males, while the pattern for the Belgians was precisely the opposite. Participants believed their verbal IQ was higher than their numerical IQ and their cultural IQ. Males believed their verbal and numerical IQ score to be fairly similar, though much higher than their cultural IQ, while females believed their verbal IQ the highest, followed by numerical and cultural IQ. Females also believed they were more intelligent than both parents. Overall results showed consistency in the sex differences in ratings across cultures but differences in level of estimated IQ possibly as a result of cultural demands for modesty.

scholarly journals Influence of chronotype on daily mood fluctuations: pilot study in patients with depression

BJPsych Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Konstantin F. Brückmann ◽  
Jürgen Hennig ◽  
Matthias J. Müller ◽  
Stanislava Fockenberg ◽  
Anne-Marthe Schmidt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Clinical Setting ◽  
Early Morning ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Patient Subgroup ◽  
Depression Risk ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
The Relationship

Summary Depression risk is associated with a late chronotype pattern often described as an ‘evening chronotype’. Fluctuations in mood over consecutive days have not yet been measured according to chronotype in in-patients with depression. A total of 30 in-patients with depression and 32 healthy controls matched for gender and age completed a chronotype questionnaire and twice-daily ratings on mood for 10 consecutive days (registered in the German Clinical Trials Register: DRKS00010215). The in-patients had Saturdays and Sundays as hospital-leave days. The relationship between chronotype and daily mood was mediated by the weekday–weekend schedule with higher levels of negative affect in the evening-chronotype patient subgroup at weekends. Results are discussed with respect to a probably advantageous standardised clinical setting with early morning routines, especially for patients with evening chronotypes.

scholarly journals Eccentric Force-Velocity Characteristics during a Novel Squat Protocol in Trained Rugby Union Athletes—Pilot Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 32
Author(s):  
Conor McNeill ◽  
C. Martyn Beaven ◽  
Daniel T. McMaster ◽  
Nicholas Gill
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Dynamic Performance ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Rugby Union ◽  
Mean Velocity ◽  
Force Development ◽  
Back Squat ◽  
Force Velocity ◽  
Force Time ◽  
Change In Mean

Eccentric strength characteristics have been shown to be important factors in physical performance. Many eccentric tests have been performed in isolation or with supramaximal loading. The purpose of this study was to investigate within- and between- session reliability of an incremental eccentric back squat protocol. Force plates and a linear position transducer captured force-time-displacement data across six loading conditions, separated by at least seven days. The reliability of eccentric specific measurements was assessed using coefficient of variation (CV), change in mean, and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Eccentric peak force demonstrated good ICC (≥0.82) and TE (≤7.3%) for each load. Variables based on mean data were generally less reliable (e.g., mean rate of force development, mean force, mean velocity). This novel protocol meets acceptable levels of reliability for different eccentric-specific measurements although the extent to which these variables affect dynamic performance requires further research.

scholarly journals Case-Control Pilot Study of Soft Contact Lens Wearers With Corneal Infiltrative Events and Healthy Controls

2016 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn Richdale ◽  
Dawn Y. Lam ◽  
Heidi Wagner ◽  
Aaron B. Zimmerman ◽  
Beth T. Kinoshita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Contact Lens ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Soft Contact ◽  
Soft Contact Lens

scholarly journals Monitoring Migraine Cycle Dynamics with an Easy-to-Use Electrophysiological Marker—A Pilot Study

Sensors ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 3918 ◽  
Author(s):  
Goded Shahaf ◽  
Pora Kuperman ◽  
Yuval Bloch ◽  
Shahak Yariv ◽  
Yelena Granovsky
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Stress Level ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
Auditory Oddball ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Auditory Oddball Task ◽  
The Brain

Migraine attacks can cause significant discomfort and reduced functioning for days at a time, including the pre-ictal and post-ictal periods. During the inter-ictsal period, however, migraineurs seem to function normally. It is puzzling, therefore, that event-related potentials of migraine patients often differ in the asymptomatic and inter-ictal period. Part of the electrophysiological dynamics demonstrated in the migraine cycle are attention related. In this pilot study we evaluated an easy-to-use new marker, the Brain Engagement Index (BEI), for attention monitoring during the migraine cycle. We sampled 12 migraine patients for 20 days within one calendar month. Each session consisted of subjects’ reports of stress level and migraine-related symptoms, and a 5 min EEG recording, with a 2-electrode EEG device, during an auditory oddball task. The first minute of the EEG sample was analyzed. Repetitive samples were also obtained from 10 healthy controls. The brain engagement index increased significantly during the pre-ictal (p ≈ 0.001) and the ictal (p ≈ 0.020) periods compared with the inter-ictal period. No difference was observed between the pre-ictal and ictal periods. Control subjects demonstrated intermediate Brain Engagement Index values, that is, higher than inter-ictal, yet lower than pre-ictal. Our preliminary results demonstrate the potential advantage of the use of a simple EEG system for improved prediction of migraine attacks. Further study is required to evaluate the efficacy of the Brain Engagement Index in monitoring the migraine cycle and the possible effects of interventions.

Dynamic Testing, Working Memory, and Reading Comprehension Growth in Children With Reading Disabilities

2011 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 358-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Lee Swanson
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Reading Comprehension ◽  
Reading Disabilities ◽  
Dynamic Testing ◽  
Verbal Iq ◽  
Only Children ◽  
Testing Conditions ◽  
Skilled Readers ◽  
Reading Measures ◽  
Significant Moderator

This longitudinal study assessed (a) whether performance changes in working memory (WM) as a function of dynamic testing were related to growth in reading comprehension and (b) whether WM performance among subgroups of children with reading disabilities (RD; children with RD only, children with both reading and arithmetic deficits, and low verbal IQ readers) varied as a function of dynamic testing. A battery of memory and reading measures was administered to 78 children (11.6 years) across three testing waves spaced 1 year apart. WM tasks were presented under initial and dynamic testing conditions (referred to as gain and maintenance testing). The important results were that (a) WM performance as a function of maintenance testing was a significant moderator of growth in reading comprehension and (b) WM performance of children with RD was statistically comparable within subgroups of RD but inferior to that of skilled readers across all testing conditions. The results support the notion that children’s WM performance under dynamic testing conditions was related to the rate of growth in reading comprehension but unrelated to subgroup differences in reading.

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