The Impact of Face Masks on Performance and Physiological Outcomes during Exercise: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

AbstractFace masks are promoted for preventing spread of viruses; however, wearing a mask during exercise might increase CO2 rebreathing, decrease arterial oxygenation, and decrease exercise performance. A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted on the impact of wearing a mask during exercise. Data sources included SPORTDiscus, PubMed, and Medline. Eligibility criteria included all study designs comparing surgical, N95, or cloth masks to a no mask condition during any type of exercise where exercise performance and/or physiological parameters were evaluated. Healthy and clinical participants were included. Mean differences (MD) or standardized mean differences (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals were calculated and pooled effects assessed. Twenty-two studies involving 1,573 participants (620 females, 953 males) were included. Surgical, or N95 masks did not impact exercise performance (SMD −0.05 [-0.16,0.07] and −0.16 [-0.54,0.22], respectively) but increased ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) (SMD 0.33 [0.09,0.58] and 0.61 [0.23,0.99]) and dyspnea (SMD 0.6 [0.3,0.9] for all masks). End-tidal CO2 (MD 3.3 [1.0, 5.6] and 3.7 [3.0,4.4] mmHg), and heart rate (MD 2 [0,4] beats/min with N95 masks) slightly increased. Face masks can be worn during exercise with no influences on performance and minimal impacts on physiological variables.PROSPERO RegistrationCRD42020224988Novelty PointsFace masks can be worn during exercise with no impacts on performance and minimal impacts on physiological variables.

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The Impact of Face Masks on Performance and Physiological Outcomes during Exercise: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Applied Physiology Nutrition and Metabolism ◽

10.1139/apnm-2021-0143 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Keely Shaw ◽

Gordon A. Zello ◽

Scotty Butcher ◽

Jongbum Ko ◽

Leandy Bertrand ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Exercise Performance ◽

Perceived Exertion ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Mask Condition ◽

Eligibility Criteria ◽

Physiological Variables ◽

Mean Differences ◽

End Tidal ◽

The Impact

Face masks are promoted for preventing spread of viruses; however, wearing a mask during exercise might increase CO2 rebreathing, decrease arterial oxygenation, and decrease exercise performance. A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted on the impact of wearing a mask during exercise. Data sources included SPORTDiscus, PubMed, and Medline. Eligibility criteria included all study designs comparing surgical, N95, or cloth masks to a no mask condition during any type of exercise where exercise performance and/or physiological parameters were evaluated. Healthy and clinical participants were included. Mean differences (MD) or standardized mean differences (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals were calculated and pooled effects assessed. Twenty-two studies involving 1,573 participants (620 females, 953 males) were included. Surgical, or N95 masks did not impact exercise performance (SMD -0.05 [-0.16,0.07] and -0.16 [-0.54,0.22], respectively) but increased ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) (SMD 0.33 [0.09,0.58] and 0.61 [0.23,0.99]) and dyspnea (SMD 0.6 [0.3,0.9] for all masks). End-tidal CO2 (MD 3.3 [1.0, 5.6] and 3.7 [3.0,4.4] mmHg), and heart rate (MD 2 [0,4] beats/min with N95 masks) slightly increased. Face masks can be worn during exercise with no influences on performance and minimal impacts on physiological variables. PROSPERO Registration: CRD42020224988 Novelty: Face masks can be worn during exercise with no impacts on performance and minimal impacts on physiological variables

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Impact of economic and financial crimes on economic growth in emerging and developing countries

Journal of Financial Crime ◽

10.1108/jfc-10-2018-0112 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 26 (3) ◽

pp. 910-920 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Sani Abubakar Saddiq ◽

Abu Sufian Abu Bakar

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Developing Countries ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Eligibility Criteria ◽

Content Type ◽

Research Reporting ◽

Financial Crimes ◽

Emerging And Developing Countries ◽

The Impact

Purpose The purpose of the study is to investigate the impact of economic and financial crimes on the economies of emerging and developing countries. Design/methodology/approach Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines and meta-analysis of economics research reporting guidelines were used to conduct a quantitative synthesis of empirical evidence on the impact of economic and financial crimes in developing and emerging countries. Findings A total of 103 studies were searched, out of which 6 met the selection/eligibility criteria of this systematic review. The six selected studies indicated that economic and financial crimes have a negative impact in emerging and developing countries. Originality/value To the best knowledge of the authors, no published systematic review of the impact of economic and financial crimes in developing countries has been conducted to date.

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Long-Term Growth in Phenylketonuria: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu11092070 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (9) ◽

pp. 2070 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Fatma Ilgaz ◽

Alex Pinto ◽

Hülya Gökmen-Özel ◽

Julio César Rocha ◽

Esther van Dam ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Normal Growth ◽

Optimal Growth ◽

Current Evidence ◽

Eligibility Criteria ◽

Dietary Practices ◽

Dietary Treatments ◽

The Impact

There is an ongoing debate regarding the impact of phenylketonuria (PKU) and its treatment on growth. To date, evidence from studies is inconsistent, and data on the whole developmental period is limited. The primary aim of this systematic review was to investigate the effects of a phenylalanine (Phe)-restricted diet on long-term growth in patients with PKU. Four electronic databases were searched for articles published until September 2018. A total of 887 results were found, but only 13 articles met eligibility criteria. Only three studies had an adequate methodology for meta-analysis. Although the results indicate normal growth at birth and during infancy, children with PKU were significantly shorter and had lower weight for age than reference populations during the first four years of life. Impaired linear growth was observed until the end of adolescence in PKU. In contrast, growth impairment was not reported in patients with mild hyperphenylalaninemia, not requiring dietary restriction. Current evidence indicates that even with advances in dietary treatments, “optimal” growth outcomes are not attained in PKU. The majority of studies include children born before 1990s, so further research is needed to show the effects of recent dietary practices on growth in PKU.

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Binge drinking in young people: protocol for a systematic review of neuropsychological, neurophysiological and neuroimaging studies

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2018-023629 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (7) ◽

pp. e023629 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Briana Lees ◽

Louise Mewton ◽

Lexine Stapinski ◽

Lindsay M Squeglia ◽

Caroline Rae ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Alcohol Use ◽

Young People ◽

Binge Drinking ◽

Systematic Reviews ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Primary Data ◽

Eligibility Criteria ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Impact

IntroductionBinge drinking is the most common pattern of alcohol use among young people in Western countries. Adolescence and young adulthood is a vulnerable developmental period and binge drinking during this time has a higher potential for neurotoxicity and interference with ongoing neural and cognitive development. The purpose of this systematic review will be to assess and integrate evidence of the impact of binge drinking on cognition, brain structure and function in youth aged 10–24 years. Cross-sectional studies will synthesise the aberrations associated with binge drinking, while longitudinal studies will distinguish the cognitive and neural antecedents from the cognitive and neural effects that are a consequence of binge drinking.Methods and analysisA total of five peer-reviewed databases (PubMed, EMBASE, Medline, PsychINFO, ProQuest) will be systematically searched and the search period will include all studies published prior to 1 April 2018. The search terms will be a combination of MeSH keywords that are based on previous relevant reviews. Study selection will follow the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines and study quality will be assessed using The Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach. All studies will be screened against eligibility criteria designed to synthesise studies that examined a young binge drinking sample and used neuropsychological, neurophysiological or neuroimaging assessment techniques. Studies will be excluded if participants were significantly involved in other substances or if they had been clinically diagnosed with an alcohol use disorder, or any psychiatric, neurological or pharmacological condition. If available data permits, a meta-analysis will be conducted.Ethics and disseminationFormal ethics approval is not required as primary data will not be collected. The results will be disseminated through a peer-reviewed publication, conference presentations and social media.Trial registration numberInternational Prospective Register for Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) number: CRD42018086856.

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Hallux valgus orthosis characteristics and effectiveness: a systematic review with meta-analysis

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2020-047273 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (8) ◽

pp. e047273

Author(s):

Mei-Ying Kwan ◽

Kit-Lun Yick ◽

Joanne Yip ◽

Chi-Yung Tse

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Hallux Valgus ◽

Outcome Measurement ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Outcome Data ◽

Risk Of Bias ◽

Eligibility Criteria ◽

Systematic Analysis ◽

Registration Number ◽

Mean Differences

ObjectiveThe treatment effect of orthoses for hallux valgus (HV) is unclear with little interventional studies, the design involves multiple complex factors, and therefore a systematic analysis with meta-analysis is necessary. The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to determine whether current foot orthoses are effective in treating HV.DesignSystematic review with meta-analysis.Data sourcesElectronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, Cinahl and Medline) are searched up to February 2020.Eligibility criteria for selecting studiesInterventional studies with content focus on HV orthosis design and any of the outcomes related to effectiveness for treating HV are included. The standardised mean differences are calculated. The risk of bias in included studies is assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration’s risk of bias tools.ResultsIn total, 2066 articles are identified. Among them, nine are selected and quality rated, and data are extracted and closely examined. A meta-analysis is conducted, where appropriate. The main causes of potential bias are missing outcome data and outcome measurement error. The results show that orthosis with a toe separator has the best effect of correcting the HV angle (standardised mean difference: 0.50, 95% CI: 0.189 to 0.803).ConclusionThe orthoses design with a toe separator or an element that allows for the foot anatomic alignment is critical for reducing the HV angle and relieving foot pain. The results contribute to a better selection of treatment for patients.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42021260403.

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The Impact of Childhood Psychological Maltreatment on Mental Health Outcomes in Adulthood: A Protocol for a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

10.21203/rs.3.rs-102460/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Zhuoni Xiao ◽

Mina Murat Baldwin ◽

Franziska Meinck ◽

Ingrid Obsuth ◽

Aja Louise Murray

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Systematic Review ◽

Emotional Abuse ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Psychological Maltreatment ◽

Future Research ◽

Long Term Effects ◽

Post Traumatic Stress ◽

Eligibility Criteria ◽

The Impact

Abstract Background: Research suggests that childhood psychological maltreatment (i.e., emotional abuse and emotional neglect) is associated with mental and physical health problems that persist into adulthood, for example anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), suicidal ideation, and aggression; however, a systematic review and meta-analysis of the existing literature would help clarify the magnitude and moderators of these associations, and the extent to which they may be affected by publication bias, as well as the methodological strengths and weakness of studies in this area.Method: Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guideline will be employed to structure the review. Several searches will be carried out via databases including Web of Science, Medline, PubMed, PsycINFO, Applied Social Science Index and Abstract, ERIC and EMBASE. Empirical peer reviewed research articles that fit pre-specified eligibility criteria will be included in the review. This review will include literature written in either English or Chinese. Two independent reviewers will screen and assess studies for inclusion in the review as well as extract the data, with consensus reached through discussion in cases of discrepancy. A third reviewer will be consulted to resolve any discrepancies that cannot be resolved through discussion between the original reviewers. The relevant Newcastle-Ottawa scales will be used for assessing the quality of studies. If a sufficient number of comparable studies are retrieved, a meta-analysis will be conducted using a random effects model. Discussion: This systematic review will provide an understanding of the long-term effects of childhood psychological maltreatment on adult mental health, which adds to previous reviews focusing primarily on the effects of physical and sexual abuse. The results of the review will help inform clinical practice in approaches to treating those with a history of psychological maltreatment in childhood. The gaps and weaknesses in the evidence identified will also inform recommendations for future research.

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Mesenchymal stromal cells for COVID-19: A living systematic review protocol

10.1101/2020.04.13.20064162 ◽

2020 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Gabriel Rada ◽

Javiera Corbalán ◽

Patricio Rojas ◽

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ◽

Stromal Cells ◽

Direct Evidence ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Grey Literature ◽

Cochrane Central Register ◽

Randomised Trials ◽

Eligibility Criteria ◽

The Impact

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo determine the impact of mesenchymal stromal cells outcomes important to patients with COVID-19.DesignThis is the protocol of a living systematic review.Data sourcesWe will conduct searches in PubMed/Medline, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), grey literature and in a centralised repository in L·OVE (Living OVerview of Evidence). L·OVE is a platform that maps PICO questions to evidence from Epistemonikos database. In response to the COVID-19 emergency, L·OVE was adapted to expand the range of evidence it covers and customised to group all COVID-19 evidence in one place. The search will cover the period until the day before submission to a journal.Eligibility criteria for selecting studies and methodsWe adapted an already published common protocol for multiple parallel systematic reviews to the specificities of this question.We will include randomised trials evaluating the effect of mesenchymal stromal cells versus placebo or no treatment in patients with COVID-19. Randomised trials evaluating other coronavirus infections, such as MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV, and non-randomised studies in COVID-19 will be searched in case we find no direct evidence from randomised trials, or if the direct evidence provides low- or very low-certainty for critical outcomes.Two reviewers will independently screen each study for eligibility, extract data, and assess the risk of bias. We will pool the results using meta-analysis and will apply the GRADE system to assess the certainty of the evidence for each outcome.A living, web-based version of this review will be openly available during the COVID-19 pandemic. We will resubmit it every time the conclusions change or whenever there are substantial updates.Ethics and disseminationNo ethics approval is considered necessary. The results of this review will be widely disseminated via peer-reviewed publications, social networks and traditional media.PROSPERO RegistrationSubmitted to PROSPERO (awaiting ID allocation).

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A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Utility of the Test of Memory Malingering in Pediatric Examinees

Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology ◽

10.1093/arclin/acaa075 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 35 (8) ◽

pp. 1312-1322

Author(s):

Hilary A Clark ◽

Phillip K Martin ◽

Hayrettin Okut ◽

Ryan W Schroeder

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Healthy Children ◽

Performance Validity ◽

Test Of Memory Malingering ◽

Eligibility Criteria ◽

Random Effects Models ◽

Neuropsychological Evaluations ◽

Meta Analyses ◽

The Impact

Abstract Objective This is the first systematic review and meta-analysis of the Test of Memory Malingering (TOMM) in pediatric examinees. It adheres to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Method A systematic literature search was conducted using PsycINFO and PubMed, reviewing articles from January 1997 to July 2019. Books providing data on pediatric validity testing were also reviewed for references to relevant articles. Eligibility criteria included publication in a peer-reviewed journal, utilizing a pediatric sample, providing sufficient data to calculate specificity and/or sensitivity, and providing a means for evaluating validity status external to the TOMM. After selection criteria were applied, 9 articles remained for meta-analysis. Samples included clinical patients and healthy children recruited for research purposes; ages ranged from 5 to 18. Fixed and random effects models were used to calculate classification accuracy statistics. Results Traditional adult-derived cutoffs for Trial 2 and Retention were highly specific (0.96–0.99) in pediatric examinees for both clinical and research samples. Sensitivity was relatively strong (0.68–0.70), although only two studies reported sensitivity rates. A supplemental review of the literature corroborated these findings, revealing that traditional adult-based TOMM cutoffs are supported in most pediatric settings. However, limited research exists on the impact of very young age, extremely low cognitive functioning, and varying clinical diagnoses. Conclusions The TOMM, at traditional adult cutoffs, has strong specificity as a performance validity test in pediatric neuropsychological evaluations. This meta-analysis found that specificity values in children are comparable to those of adults. Areas for further research are discussed.

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Factors Influencing the Association Between Coach and Athlete Rating of Exertion: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Sports Medicine - Open ◽

10.1186/s40798-020-00287-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Darren Paul ◽

Paul Read ◽

Abdulaziz Farooq ◽

Luke Jones

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Perceived Exertion ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Random Effect ◽

Positive Association ◽

Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽

Original Research ◽

Eligibility Criteria ◽

High Association ◽

The Relationship

Abstract Background Subjective monitoring of rate of perceived exertion is common practice in many sports. Typically, the information is used to understand the training load and at times modify forthcoming sessions. Identifying the relationship between the athlete and coach’s interpretation of training would likely further benefit understanding load management. The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the relationship between coaches’ rating of intended exertion (RIE) and/or rating of observed exertion (ROE) and athletes’ reported rating of perceived exertion (RPE). Methods The review was undertaken in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. We conducted a search of Medline, Google Scholar, Science Direct, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science databases. We assessed the correlation between coach-reported RIE and/or ROE and RPE. Assessment for risk of bias was undertaken using the Quality Appraisal for Reliability Studies (QAREL) checklist. Inclusion criteria were (1) male and/or female individuals, (2) individual and/or team sport active participants, and (3) original research article published in the English language. Results Data from 19 articles were found to meet the eligibility criteria. A random effect meta-analysis based on 11 studies demonstrated a positive association of player vs. coach rating of RIE (r = 0.62 [95% CI 0.5 to 0.7], p < 0.001). The pooled correlation from 7 studies of player vs. coach rating on ROE was r = 0.64 95% CI (0.5 to 0.7), p < 0.001. Conclusion There was a moderate to high association between coach RIE and/or ROE and athlete-reported RPE and this association seems to be influenced by many factors. The suggestions we present in this review are based on imploring practitioners to consider a multi-modal approach and the implications of monitoring when using RPE. Trial Registration CRD42020193387

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Exploring the Impact of Flavonoids on Symptoms of Depression: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Antioxidants ◽

10.3390/antiox10111644 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (11) ◽

pp. 1644

Author(s):

Sawan Ali ◽

Graziamaria Corbi ◽

Michael Maes ◽

Giovanni Scapagnini ◽

Sergio Davinelli

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Observational Studies ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Eligibility Criteria ◽

Symptoms Of Depression ◽

Flavonoid Intake ◽

Brain Changes ◽

Intervention Trials ◽

The Impact ◽

Dietary Flavonoids

Recent evidence suggests that diet modifies key biological factors associated with the development of depression. It has been suggested that this could be due to the high flavonoid content commonly found in many plant foods, beverages and dietary supplements. Our aim was to conduct a systematic review to evaluate the effects of dietary flavonoids on the symptoms of depression. A total of 46 studies met the eligibility criteria. Of these, 36 were intervention trials and 10 were observational studies. A meta-analysis of 36 clinical trials involving a total of 2788 participants was performed. The results showed a statistically significant effect of flavonoids on depressive symptoms (mean difference = −1.65; 95% C.I., −2.54, −0.77; p < 0.01). Five of the 10 observational studies included in the systematic review reported significant results, suggesting that a higher flavonoid intake may improve symptoms of depression. Further studies are urgently required to elucidate whether causal and mechanistic links exist, along with substantiation of functional brain changes associated with flavonoid consumption.

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