scholarly journals Zika virus infection of pregnant Ifnar1-/- mice triggers strain-specific differences in fetal outcomes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellie K Bohm ◽  
Jennifer T Vangorder-Braid ◽  
Anna S Jaeger ◽  
Ryan V. Moriarty ◽  
John J Baczenas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Asian American ◽  
Zika Virus ◽  
Virus Titer ◽  
Geographic Location ◽  
Fetal Outcome ◽  
Pregnant Mouse ◽  
Fetal Outcomes ◽  
Pathogenic Potential ◽  
Fetal Demise ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

Zika virus (ZIKV) is a flavivirus that causes a constellation of adverse fetal outcomes collectively termed Congenital Zika Syndrome (CZS). However, not all pregnancies exposed to ZIKV result in an infant with apparent defects. During the 2015-2016 American outbreak of ZIKV, CZS rates varied by geographic location. The underlying mechanisms responsible for this heterogeneity in outcomes have not been well defined. Therefore, we sought to characterize and compare the pathogenic potential of multiple Asian/American-lineage ZIKV strains in an established Ifnar1 pregnant mouse model. Here, we show significant differences in the rate of fetal demise following maternal inoculation with ZIKV strains from Puerto Rico, Panama, Mexico, Brazil, and Cambodia. Rates of fetal demise broadly correlated with maternal viremia but were independent of fetus and placenta virus titer, indicating that additional underlying factors contribute to fetus outcome. Our results, in concert with those from other studies, suggest that subtle differences in ZIKV strains may have important phenotypic impacts. With ZIKV now endemic in the Americas, greater emphasis needs to be placed on elucidating and understanding the underlying mechanisms that contribute to fetal outcome.

scholarly journals Zika virus infection of pregnant Ifnar1 -/- mice triggers strain-specific differences in fetal outcomes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellie K. Bohm ◽  
Jennifer T. Vangorder-Braid ◽  
Anna S. Jaeger ◽  
Ryan V. Moriarty ◽  
John J. Baczenas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Defects ◽  
Asian American ◽  
Zika Virus ◽  
Virus Titer ◽  
Geographic Location ◽  
Fetal Outcomes ◽  
Pathogenic Potential ◽  
Fetal Demise ◽  
Underlying Causes ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

Zika virus (ZIKV) is a flavivirus that causes a constellation of adverse fetal outcomes collectively termed Congenital Zika Syndrome (CZS). However, not all pregnancies exposed to ZIKV result in an infant with apparent defects. During the 2015-2016 American outbreak of ZIKV, CZS rates varied by geographic location. The underlying mechanisms responsible for this heterogeneity in outcomes have not been well defined. Therefore, we sought to characterize and compare the pathogenic potential of multiple Asian/American-lineage ZIKV strains in an established Ifnar1 -/- pregnant mouse model. Here, we show significant differences in the rate of fetal demise following maternal inoculation with ZIKV strains from Puerto Rico, Panama, Mexico, Brazil, and Cambodia. Rates of fetal demise broadly correlated with maternal viremia but were independent of fetus and placenta virus titer, indicating that additional underlying factors contribute to fetus outcome. Our results, in concert with those from other studies, suggest that subtle differences in ZIKV strains may have important phenotypic impacts. With ZIKV now endemic in the Americas, greater emphasis needs to be placed on elucidating and understanding the underlying mechanisms that contribute to fetal outcome. IMPORTANCE Zika virus (ZIKV) transmission has been reported in 87 countries and territories around the globe. ZIKV infection during pregnancy is associated with adverse fetal outcomes including birth defects, microcephaly, neurological complications, and even spontaneous abortion. Rates of adverse fetal outcomes vary between regions, and not every pregnancy exposed to ZIKV results in birth defects. Not much is known about how or if the infecting ZIKV strain is linked to fetal outcomes. Our research provides evidence of phenotypic heterogeneity between Asian/American-lineage ZIKV strains and provides insight into the underlying causes of adverse fetal outcomes. Understanding ZIKV strain-dependent pathogenic potential during pregnancy and elucidating underlying causes of diverse clinical sequelae observed during human infections is critical to understanding ZIKV on a global scale.

scholarly journals An Increased Adverse Fetal Outcome Has Been Observed among Teen Pregnant Women in Rural Eastern Ethiopia: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 2333794X2199915
Author(s):  
Haymanot Mezmur ◽  
Nega Assefa ◽  
Tadesse Alemayehu
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Fetal Outcome ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
World Health ◽  
Adult Women ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Fetal Outcomes ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Eastern Ethiopia ◽  
Adverse Fetal Outcome

Background: According to the World Health Organization, teenage pregnancies are high-risk due to increased risks of fetal and infant morbidity and mortality. This study compares adverse fetal outcomes between teen and adult pregnant women from rural Eastern Ethiopia. Methods: Institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted among women visiting maternity units from surrounding rural areas. A total of 481 teenagers (13-19 years old) and 481 adults (20-34 years old) women with a singleton pregnancy were included in the study. Two hospitals and 3 health centers were selected in Eastern Hararghe Zone, Eastern Ethiopia. Comparative analysis was carried out using the log-binomial regression model to identify factors associated with adverse fetal outcomes in both categories. The results are reported in adjusted prevalence ratios with 95% confidence intervals. Results: High proportion of adverse fetal outcome was observed among teenage women than adult (34.9% vs 21%). Statistically significant difference ( P < .05) in the proportion of low birth weight (21.1% vs 9.3%), preterm birth (18.7% vs 10.6%), APGAR score at 5th minute (9.3% vs 4%) were found in teenagers compared to adult women. Antenatal care attendance (APR = 0.44; 95% CI: 0.23, 0.86); eclampsia (APR = 1.96; 95% CI: 1.26, 3.06); pre-eclampsia (APR = 1.73; 95% CI: 1.12, 2.67); and wealth index (rich) (APR = 0.55; 95% CI: 0.32, 0.94) were significantly associated with adverse fetal outcomes among the teenage women. Whereas intimate partner violence (APR = 2.22; 95% CI: 1.26, 3.90); preeclampsia (APR = 3.05; 95% CI: 1.61, 5.69); antepartum hemorrhage (APR = 2.77; 95% CI: 1.73, 4.46); and hyperemesis gravderm (APR = 1.75; 95% CI: 1.09, 2.79) were significantly associated with adverse fatal outcomes among the adult women. Conclusion: teenage pregnancy is associated with a high rate of adverse fetal outcomes. Early identification and treatment of problems during antenatal follow-up should be the mainstay to avert the massive adverse fetal effects.

scholarly journals Zika viruses of both African and Asian lineages cause fetal harm in a vertical transmission model

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna S. Jaeger ◽  
Reyes A. Murreita ◽  
Lea R. Goren ◽  
Chelsea M. Crooks ◽  
Ryan V. Moriarty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mouse Model ◽  
Vertical Transmission ◽  
Birth Defects ◽  
Asian American ◽  
Zika Virus ◽  
French Polynesia ◽  
Transmission Model ◽  
Foreseeable Future ◽  
Zikv Infection ◽  
Congenital Zika Syndrome

AbstractCongenital Zika virus (ZIKV) infection was first linked to birth defects during the American outbreak 1–3. It has been proposed that mutations unique to the Asian/American-genotype explain, at least in part, the ability of Asian/American ZIKV to cause congenital Zika syndrome (CZS) 4,5. Recent studies identified mutations in ZIKV infecting humans that arose coincident with the outbreak in French Polynesia and were stably maintained during subsequent spread to the Americas 5. Here we show that African ZIKV can infect and harm fetuses and that the S139N mutation that has been associated with the American outbreak is not essential for fetal harm. Our findings, in a vertical transmission mouse model, suggest that ZIKV will remain a threat to pregnant women for the foreseeable future, including in Africa, southeast Asia, and the Americas. Additional research is needed to better understand the risks associated with ZIKV infection during pregnancy, both in areas where the virus is newly endemic and where it has been circulating for decades.

scholarly journals Asymptomatic Prenatal Zika Virus Infection and Congenital Zika Syndrome

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Enny S Paixao ◽  
Wei-Yee Leong ◽  
Laura C Rodrigues ◽  
Annelies Wilder-Smith
Keyword(s):  
Virus Infection ◽  
Birth Defects ◽  
Prospective Studies ◽  
Zika Virus ◽  
Retrospective Studies ◽  
Recall Bias ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
Fetal Outcomes ◽  
Zika Virus Infection ◽  
Congenital Zika Syndrome

Abstract To investigate to what extent asymptomatic vs symptomatic prenatal Zika virus infections contribute to birth defects, we identified 3 prospective and 8 retrospective studies. The ratio varied greatly in the retrospective studies, most likely due to recruitment and recall bias. The prospective studies revealed a ratio of 1:1 for asymptomatic vs symptomatic maternal Zika infections resulting in adverse fetal outcomes.

scholarly journals Fetal demise and failed antibody therapy during Zika virus infection of pregnant macaques

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Diogo M. Magnani ◽  
Thomas F. Rogers ◽  
Nicholas J. Maness ◽  
Nathan D. Grubaugh ◽  
Nathan Beutler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virus Infection ◽  
Zika Virus ◽  
Antibody Therapy ◽  
Fetal Demise ◽  
Zika Virus Infection

Prevalence of Eclampsia and its Maternal-fetal outcomes at Ghandi Memorial Hospital, Addis Ababa Ethiopia, 2019. Retrospective study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Addisu Yeshambel ◽  
Walellign Anmut
Keyword(s):  
Magnesium Sulfate ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Fetal Outcome ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Memorial Hospital ◽  
Fetal Outcomes ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sub Saharan

Abstract Background: Eclamptic disorder of pregnancy is one of the common problems in sub-Saharan countries and forms one of the deadly triads along with hemorrhage and infection which complicates maternal and fetal outcomes of pregnancy. To assess the prevalence of eclampsia and its maternal and fetal outcome in Ghandi Memorial Hospital, Addis Ababa Ethiopia, 2019.Methods: A descriptive retrospective cross-sectional study was used on randomly selected 185 women who attended delivery at Ghandi memorial Hospital from 1st of September 2017 to –last of August 2018. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 25 software. Descriptive statistics were used to calculate frequencies and percentages and data was presented using texts and, tables. Results: Out of the 2,973 deliveries, the prevalence of eclampsia was found to be 16.1%. About 89.7% had reported a history of prior pregnancy-induced hypertension and 73.5% induced their current pregnancy following eclampsia. From mothers required interventions to terminate the pregnancy by induction, 47.8% ended by cesarean section secondary to non-reassuring fetal status (29.2%). The majority (91.9%) had taken magnesium sulfate for the management of convulsion and 86.5% had taken hydralazine for hypertension management. Abruption of the placenta (96.2%), postpartum-hemorrhage (89.2%), and HEELP syndrome (83.8 %) were major maternal adverse outcomes reported, and 33% of pregnancy was ended as stillbirth followed by low birth weight (28.6%). Over 53.6% of delivered babies had an APGAR score of less 4 and 30.4% of neonates required admission to nursery/NICU referral. Conclusion: The prevalence of eclampsia was high, with corresponding high maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. Increasing early detection before pregnancy, antenatal screening, and use of magnesium sulfate to control convulsions will reduce the disorder and associated morbidity and mortality for both mother and fetus.

scholarly journals Umbilical true knot: a case study

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 2956
Author(s):  
Hima Bindu Kommuri ◽  
Valsa Diana G.
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Umbilical Cord ◽  
Rare Condition ◽  
Fetal Outcome ◽  
Prenatal Ultrasonography ◽  
Male Fetus ◽  
Fetal Demise ◽  
Intrauterine Fetal Demise ◽  
Fetal Movements

Umbilical cord true knot is a rare condition which affects about 1% of all pregnancies. The incidence is not only very low, but it is often undiagnosed antenatally when present despite the availability of prenatal ultrasonography as in this case, where the diagnosis of true knot of umbilical cord was missed even when an ultrasonogram was done 1 week prior to the presentation of patient with decreased fetal movements to opd. Majority of times it does not have any relation with fetal outcome but in certain occasions it is associated with intrauterine fetal demise as in present case presented here. Risk factors include long umbilical cord, polyhydramnios, small fetus, male fetus, etc.

scholarly journals Zika Virus-Immune Plasmas from Symptomatic and Asymptomatic Individuals Enhance Zika Pathogenesis in Adult and Pregnant Mice

mBio ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Byoung-Shik Shim ◽  
Young-Chan Kwon ◽  
Michael J. Ricciardi ◽  
Mars Stone ◽  
Yuka Otsuka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zika Virus ◽  
Passive Immunization ◽  
The Body ◽  
Transmission Model ◽  
Plasma Samples ◽  
Zikv Infection ◽  
Fetal Demise ◽  
Antibody Dependent Enhancement ◽  
Pregnant Mice ◽  
Asymptomatic Individuals

ABSTRACT Preexisting immunity against dengue virus or West Nile virus was previously reported to mediate antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) of Zika virus (ZIKV) infection in a mouse model. We show here that ZIKV-immune plasma samples from both symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals mediated ZIKV ADE of infection in vitro and in mice. In a lethal infection model with a viral inoculum 10 times higher, both ADE and protection were observed, depending on the amount of infused immune plasma. In a vertical-transmission model, ZIKV-immune plasma infused to timed pregnant mice increased fetal demise and decreased the body weight of surviving fetuses. Depletion of IgG from an immune plasma abolished ADE of infection, and the presence of purified IgG alone mediated ADE of infection. Higher viral loads and proinflammatory cytokines were detected in mice treated with ZIKV-immune plasma samples compared to those receiving control plasma. Together, these data show that passive immunization with homotypic ZIKV antibodies, depending on the concentration, could either worsen or limit a subsequent ZIKV infection. IMPORTANCE Antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) of virus infection is common to many viruses and is problematic when plasma antibody levels decline to subneutralizing concentrations. ADE of infection is especially important among flaviviruses, many of which are the cause of global health problems. Recently, human plasma samples immune to heterologous flaviviruses were shown to promote Zika virus (ZIKV) infection. Here we showed in immunocompromised mouse models that homologous immune plasma samples protect mice from subsequent infection at high antibody concentrations but that they mediate ADE of infection and increase ZIKV pathogenesis in adult mice and fetal demise during pregnancy at low concentrations.

scholarly journals Effect of Clinical and Subclinical Hypothyroidism on Fetal Outcomes among Pregnant Women: A Sub-Specialty Department Experience

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-32
Author(s):  
Farzana Sharmin ◽  
Mahfuja Asma ◽  
Khandaker Shehneela Tasnim ◽  
Afzal Momin ◽  
Shimul Akhter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Subclinical Hypothyroidism ◽  
Apgar Score ◽  
Fetal Distress ◽  
Fetal Outcome ◽  
Fetal Outcomes ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Medical University

Background: Hypothyroidism can effect on the fetal outcomes during pregnancy. Objective: The purpose of the present study was to compare the effects of clical and subclinical hypothyroidism on fetal outcomes among pregnant women. Methodology: This cohort study was conducted in the Feto-Maternal Department of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh from a period of 6 months dated from September 2019 to February 2020. All cases of the clinical and sub-clinical hypothyroid pregnant women admitted in this department. Fetal outcomes of clinical and sub-clinical hypothyroid pregnant women during delivery were recorded. Findings of the cases recorded carefully. Result: A total number of 75 patients were recruited for this study who were divided in to two group designated as group I or sub clinical hypothyroidism and group II or clinical hypothyroidism. Fetal distress was 22(51.1%) cases in group I and 9(33.3%) cases in group II. The fetal outcome of the study patients had observed that 8(27.6%) and 12(80.0%) of the baby had low (<2.5 kg) birth weight in group I and group II' respectively. In group I most (62.1%) of the baby APGAR score was >7 and 11(73.3%) cases had < 6 APGAR score at 1st minute. Majority of the study patients had >7 APGAR score at 5 min in both groups which was 25(86.2%) and 12(80.0%) in group I and group II respectively. Conclusion: In conclusion there is a significant difference found in overt and sub-clinical hypothyroidism considering fetal stress, IUD and prematurity. Journal of National Institute of Neurosciences Bangladesh, January 2021, Vol. 7, No. 1, pp. 29-32

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