scholarly journals Heterogeneity and molecular programming of progenitors for motor neurons and oligodendrocytes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lingyan Xing ◽  
Rui Chai ◽  
jiaqi wang ◽  
Jiaqi Lin ◽  
Hanyang Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Fate ◽  
Motor Neurons ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Oligodendrocyte Progenitor Cells ◽  
Zebrafish Model ◽  
Fate Determination ◽  
Molecular Programming ◽  
The Central Nervous System

The pMN domain is a restricted domain in the ventral spinal cords, defined by the expression of olig2 gene. The fate determination of pMN progenitors is highly temporally and spatially regulated, with motor neurons and oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) developing sequentially. Insight into the heterogeneity and molecular programs of pMN progenitors is currently lacking. With the zebrafish model, we identified multiple states of neural progenitors using single-cell sequencing: proliferating progenitors, common progenitors for both motor neurons and OPCs, and restricted precursors for either motor neurons or OPCs. We found specific molecular programs for neural progenitor fate transition, and manipulations of representative genes in the motor neuron or OPC lineage confirmed their critical role in cell fate determination. The transcription factor NPAS3 is necessary for the development of the OPC lineage and can interact with many known genes associated with schizophrenia. Deciphering progenitor heterogeneity and molecular mechanisms for these transitions will elucidate the formation of complex neuron-glia networks in the central nervous system during development, and understand the basis of neurodevelopmental disorders.

A critical role for Cyclin E in cell fate determination in the central nervous system of Drosophila melanogaster

2004 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Berger ◽  
S. K. Pallavi ◽  
Mohit Prasad ◽  
L. S. Shashidhara ◽  
Gerhard M. Technau
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Cell Fate ◽  
Cyclin E ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Cell Fate Determination ◽  
Fate Determination ◽  
The Central Nervous System

scholarly journals Mechanosensation and Mechanotransduction by Lymphatic Endothelial Cells Act as Important Regulators of Lymphatic Development and Function

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (8) ◽  
pp. 3955
Author(s):  
László Bálint ◽  
Zoltán Jakus
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Endothelial Cell ◽  
Cell Fate ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Mechanical Forces ◽  
Lymphatic Endothelial Cells ◽  
Lymphatic Development ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Impact

Our understanding of the function and development of the lymphatic system is expanding rapidly due to the identification of specific molecular markers and the availability of novel genetic approaches. In connection, it has been demonstrated that mechanical forces contribute to the endothelial cell fate commitment and play a critical role in influencing lymphatic endothelial cell shape and alignment by promoting sprouting, development, maturation of the lymphatic network, and coordinating lymphatic valve morphogenesis and the stabilization of lymphatic valves. However, the mechanosignaling and mechanotransduction pathways involved in these processes are poorly understood. Here, we provide an overview of the impact of mechanical forces on lymphatics and summarize the current understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in the mechanosensation and mechanotransduction by lymphatic endothelial cells. We also discuss how these mechanosensitive pathways affect endothelial cell fate and regulate lymphatic development and function. A better understanding of these mechanisms may provide a deeper insight into the pathophysiology of various diseases associated with impaired lymphatic function, such as lymphedema and may eventually lead to the discovery of novel therapeutic targets for these conditions.

scholarly journals The Molecular Mechanisms Underlying the Regulation of the Biological Activity of Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone Receptors: Implications for Physiology and Pathophysiology

2006 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 260-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward W. Hillhouse ◽  
Dimitris K. Grammatopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Hormone Receptors ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Tissue Specific ◽  
Functional Flexibility ◽  
Biological Responses ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Impact

The CRH receptor (CRH-R) is a member of the secretin family of G protein-coupled receptors. Wide expression of CRH-Rs in the central nervous system and periphery ensures that their cognate agonists, the family of CRH-like peptides, are capable of exerting a wide spectrum of actions that underpin their critical role in integrating the stress response and coordinating the activity of fundamental physiological functions, such as the regulation of the cardiovascular system, energy balance, and homeostasis. Two types of mammal CRH-R exist, CRH-R1 and CRH-R2, each with unique splicing patterns and remarkably distinct pharmacological properties, but similar signaling properties, probably reflecting their distinct and sometimes contrasting biological functions. The regulation of CRH-R expression and activity is not fully elucidated, and we only now begin to fully understand the impact on mammalian pathophysiology. The focus of this review is the current and evolving understanding of the molecular mechanisms controlling CRH-R biological activity and functional flexibility. This shows notable tissue-specific characteristics, highlighted by their ability to couple to distinct G proteins and activate tissue-specific signaling cascades. The type of activating agonist, receptor, and target cell appears to play a major role in determining the overall signaling and biological responses in health and disease.

scholarly journals Keap1-Nrf2 system regulates cell fate determination of hematopoietic stem cells

2014 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 239-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shohei Murakami ◽  
Ritsuko Shimizu ◽  
Paul-Henri Romeo ◽  
Masayuki Yamamoto ◽  
Hozumi Motohashi
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem Cells ◽  
Cell Fate ◽  
Cell Fate Determination ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem ◽  
Fate Determination

Role of Geminin in cell fate determination of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs)

2016 ◽  
Vol 104 (3) ◽  
pp. 324-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shin’ichiro Yasunaga ◽  
Yoshinori Ohno ◽  
Naoto Shirasu ◽  
Bo Zhang ◽  
Kyoko Suzuki-Takedachi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem Cells ◽  
Cell Fate ◽  
Cell Fate Determination ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem ◽  
Fate Determination

Notch–RBP-J signaling is involved in cell fate determination of marginal zone B cells

10.1038/ni793 ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 443-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenji Tanigaki ◽  
Hua Han ◽  
Norio Yamamoto ◽  
Kei Tashiro ◽  
Masaya Ikegawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
B Cells ◽  
Cell Fate ◽  
Marginal Zone ◽  
Cell Fate Determination ◽  
Marginal Zone B Cells ◽  
Fate Determination

scholarly journals Dlk1-Dio3 locus-derived lncRNAs perpetuate postmitotic motor neuron cell fate and subtype identity

eLife ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ya-Ping Yen ◽  
Wen-Fu Hsieh ◽  
Ya-Yin Tsai ◽  
Ya-Lin Lu ◽  
Ee Shan Liau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Fate ◽  
Motor Neurons ◽  
Neural Development ◽  
Hox Genes ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Aberrant Expression ◽  
Spinal Cord Development

The mammalian imprinted Dlk1-Dio3 locus produces multiple long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) from the maternally inherited allele, including Meg3 (i.e., Gtl2) in the mammalian genome. Although this locus has well-characterized functions in stem cell and tumor contexts, its role during neural development is unknown. By profiling cell types at each stage of embryonic stem cell-derived motor neurons (ESC~MNs) that recapitulate spinal cord development, we uncovered that lncRNAs expressed from the Dlk1-Dio3 locus are predominantly and gradually enriched in rostral motor neurons (MNs). Mechanistically, Meg3 and other Dlk1-Dio3 locus-derived lncRNAs facilitate Ezh2/Jarid2 interactions. Loss of these lncRNAs compromises the H3K27me3 landscape, leading to aberrant expression of progenitor and caudal Hox genes in postmitotic MNs. Our data thus illustrate that these lncRNAs in the Dlk1-Dio3 locus, particularly Meg3, play a critical role in maintaining postmitotic MN cell fate by repressing progenitor genes and they shape MN subtype identity by regulating Hox genes.

scholarly journals Epigenetic Control of Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Fate Decision

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haoli Ying ◽  
Ruolang Pan ◽  
Ye Chen
Keyword(s):  
Cell Fate ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Epigenetic Modification ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Connective Tissues ◽  
Differentiation Potential ◽  
Cell Fate Decisions ◽  
Fate Decision ◽  
Msc Differentiation

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are progenitors of connective tissues, which have emerged as important tools for tissue engineering owing to their differentiation potential in various cell types. The therapeutic utility of MSCs hinges upon our understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in cellular fate decisions. Thus, the elucidation of the regulation of MSC differentiation has attracted increasing attention in recent years. A variety of external cues contribute to the process of MSC differentiation, including chemical, physical, and biological factors. Among the multiple factors that are known to affect cell fate decisions, the epigenetic regulation of MSC differentiation has become a research hotspot. In this chapter, we summarize recent progress in the determination of the effects of epigenetic modification on the multilineage differentiation of MSCs.

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