scholarly journals Testing & Opening in Augustusburg A Success Story?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Diederichs ◽  
Timo Friedel Mitze ◽  
Felix Schulz ◽  
Klaus Waelde
Keyword(s):  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Community Level ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
County Level ◽  
Success Story ◽  
Large Scale Testing ◽  
The City ◽  
Better Than

The city of Augustusburg allowed for opening of, inter alia, restaurants and hotels joint with large-scale testing. We evaluate this testing & opening (T&O) experiment by comparing the evolution of case rates in Augustusburg with the evolution in other communities of Saxony. We have access to small-scale SARS-CoV-2 infection data at the community level (Gemeinde) instead of the county level (Landkreis) usually used for disease surveillance. Despite data challenges, we conclude that T&O did not lead to any increase in case rates in Augustusburg compared to its control county. When we measure the effect of T&O on cumulative cases, we find a small increase in Augustusburg. This difference almost completely disappears when we control for the effect of higher case rates due to more testing. Generally speaking, T&O worked much better than in comparable projects elsewhere.

scholarly journals Overview of road performance on the tsunami evacuation road during the n-COVID19 pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 331 ◽  
pp. 06006
Author(s):  
Yossyafra ◽  
Anyta Ramadhani ◽  
Vina Gusman ◽  
Monica Herimarni
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
New Normal ◽  
Tsunami Disaster ◽  
Traffic Conditions ◽  
Normal Period ◽  
Road Performance ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Traffic Disturbance ◽  
The City ◽  
Better Than

The COVID-19 pandemic has changed the world in various sectors and human activities. Limiting human activity and mobility also has an impact on transportation and traffic. This study aims to calculate the capacity and performance of roads under normal pandemic conditions before PSBB (Large-Scale Social Restrictions) in April 2020 and New Normal in July 2002, as well as predict traffic conditions if the Tsunami disaster hits the city during both periods. Tsunami Evacuation roads in Padang City were selected for analysis. The Indonesian Road Capacity Manual 1997 on urban roads is used as a reference for analyzing road performance indicators. The results showed that; road performance during the PSBB period was better than the New Normal period. The effect of volume and side traffic disturbance factors in the New Normal period makes a significant decrease in performance. Through prediction simulations, if a Tsunami occurs in the two study periods, the analyzed roads can relatively serve evacuation movements. However, the capacity needs to be increased for normal conditions.

scholarly journals Why Earthquakes Threaten Two Major European Cities: Istanbul and Bucharest

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory A. Houseman
Keyword(s):  
Upper Mantle ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Mass Movements ◽  
European Continent ◽  
European Cities ◽  
The North ◽  
Two Cities ◽  
The City ◽  
Large Earthquakes ◽  
Better Than

Istanbul and Bucharest are major European cities that face a continuing threat of large earthquakes. The geological contexts for these two case studies enable us to understand the nature of the threat and to predict more precisely the consequences of future earthquakes, although we remain unable to predict the time of those events with any precision better than multi-decadal. These two cities face contrasting threats: Istanbul is located on a major geological boundary, the North Anatolian Fault, which separates a westward moving Anatolia from the stable European landmass. Bucharest is located within the stable European continent, but large-scale mass movements in the upper mantle beneath the lithosphere cause relatively frequent large earthquakes that represent a serious threat to the city and surrounding regions.

The story of humanity and the challenge of posthumanity

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoltán Boldizsár Simon
Keyword(s):  
Human Subject ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Historical Narrative ◽  
Historical Narratives ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Historical Understanding ◽  
New Era ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The One ◽  
Better Than

Today’s technological-scientific prospect of posthumanity simultaneously evokes and defies historical understanding. On the one hand, it implies a historical claim of an epochal transformation concerning posthumanity as a new era. On the other, by postulating the birth of a novel, better-than-human subject for this new era, it eliminates the human subject of modern Western historical understanding. In this article, I attempt to understand posthumanity as measured against the story of humanity as the story of history itself. I examine the fate of humanity as the central subject of history in three consecutive steps: first, by exploring how classical philosophies of history achieved the integrity of the greatest historical narrative of history itself through the very invention of humanity as its subject; second, by recounting how this central subject came under heavy criticism by postcolonial and gender studies in the last half-century, targeting the universalism of the story of humanity as the greatest historical narrative of history; and third, by conceptualizing the challenge of posthumanity against both the story of humanity and its criticism. Whereas criticism fragmented history but retained the possibility of smaller-scale narratives, posthumanity does not doubt the feasibility of the story of humanity. Instead, it necessarily invokes humanity, if only in order to be able to claim its supersession by a better-than-human subject. In that, it represents a fundamental challenge to the modern Western historical condition and the very possibility of historical narratives – small-scale or large-scale, fragmented or universal.

Spatial Perspectives on Coworking Spaces and Related Practices in Beijing

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-54
Author(s):  
He Huang ◽  
Yangfanqi Liu ◽  
Yuebing Liang ◽  
David Vargas ◽  
Lu Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Sharing Economy ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Knowledge Economies ◽  
Coworking Spaces ◽  
The City

Coworking space is a recent manifestation of the emerging sharing economy. This is largely due to two core driving forces: a new working style in the creative and knowledge economies, and the sharing economy, which promotes resource usage efficiency. This paper develops an analytical framework for the spatial perspectives on coworking spaces according to the core driving forces at both the urban and architectural levels, followed by empirical studies on practices related to coworking space in Beijing. The results indicate that at the city scale, coworking spaces tend to aggregate in clusters of large-scale creative and knowledge enterprises in mixed-use and high-density areas, and underutilized spaces become the key pillar. In the architectural dimension, coworking spaces tend to coexist with conventional office spaces or coliving apartments. Empirical studies in Beijing also show that coworking spaces have promoted the sustainable development of the city by renewing existing low-profit urban spaces and utilizing architectural spaces more efficiently. However, the unstable lease market of small-scale businesses, as well as marginal financial models, which pro fit from rental differences, challenge the survival of coworking spaces. In pursuit of capital, coworking spaces have tended to overexpand.

The 1983 Liege Earthquake: Damage Distribution and Site Effects

1990 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 713-737 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Jongmans ◽  
M. Campillo
Keyword(s):  
Site Effects ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Site Response ◽  
Dominant Frequency ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Eastern United States ◽  
Frequency Range ◽  
Damage Distribution ◽  
Damage Data ◽  
The City

On November 8, 1983, a moderate magnitude (Ml=4.9) earthquake struck Liege (Belgium). A damage study has shown that site effects at different scales have played an important role in amplifying ground motion. On a large scale, the damage distribution has been determined by the presence of a large Carboniferous syncline beneath the city as shown by 2D numerical modeling. On a small scale, the main damage concentrations can be correlated with local superficial deposits which have amplified ground motions in the frequency range of buildings. A geophysical survey was carried out to measure the shear wave velocity of the different formations. Site response computations were made at numerous sites in order to estimate the possible amplification and to compare the results with the damage. It was shown that the spectral amplifications computed in the dominant frequency range of the buildings are consistent with the damage data. In very affected areas, 1D amplifications of 4 to 6 were obtained and in some cases 2D effects may have occurred. The Liege earthquake, taking place in the intraplate region of Northwestern Europe, presents a significant interest to other similar areas as the eastern United States.

scholarly journals The use of interplanetary scintillation maps in the prediction of geomagnetic activity

1996 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. A. Lucek ◽  
T. D. G. Clark
Keyword(s):  
False Alarm ◽  
Geomagnetic Activity ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Space Environment ◽  
Similar Proportion ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Interplanetary Scintillation ◽  
Visual Evaluation ◽  
Independent Events ◽  
Better Than

Abstract. Interplanetary scintillation (IPS), the twinkling of small angular diameter radio sources, arises from the interaction of the signal with small-scale plasma irregularities in the solar wind. The technique may be used to sense remotely the near-Earth heliosphere and has potential for tracking large-scale interplanetary disturbances from close to the Sun to the Earth. Such observations might be useful within routine geomagnetic forecasts, and we use data from the Mullard Radio Astronomy Observatory to test this suggestion. A forecast was based on the visual evaluation of each daily map. If an IPS event was observed then we proposed that any associated geomagnetic activity would occur either on that day, or during the following two days. We consider the success of these forecasts in predicting days when either an SSC/SI or an Ap value exceeding 30 were recorded. The identification of IPS events is necessarily subjective and so two observers compiled independent events lists, and the results were compared. Approximately half of the IPS events in each list were followed by a geomagnetic signature but comparison of the two lists showed that different days were being chosen. We also found that the forecasts had very high false alarm rates. Since IPS is sensitive to a volume we did not expect all events to be associated with a geomagnetic signature. However, the technique failed to forecast a large proportion of geomagnetic events and the association between IPS events and geomagnetic activity is not much better than would be expected by chance. Comparing the IPS forecasts with forecasts of Ap released by the Space Environment Services Center (SESC) we found that SESC correctly predicted a similar proportion of days when Ap\\geq30, but that the performance was significantly better than would be expected by chance, and had a much lower false alarm rate. We conclude that these IPS data cannot be used alone to produce reliable geomagnetic activity forecasts.

Relative Efficiency of Ancillary and Small Scale Units

1978 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 279-284
Author(s):  
K.R. Shaligram
Keyword(s):  
Small Firms ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Underlying Assumption ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
End Products ◽  
Policy Measures ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Small Manufacturers ◽  
Better Than

Ancillary units are small firms manufacturing and supplying intermediate goods, typically to large firms. Several policy measures are under consideration to raise the output of the ancillary industry to the level of 15 per cent of the value of output of the large scale industry by 1985. The underlying assumption appears to be that the ancillary status enhances the prospect for the viability of the small firm. This paper examines whether ancillary units perform better than small scale units (small manufacturers of end products) under the conditions prevailing in India. The findings reveal no significant difference in the mean performance of the two classes of small firms. It also draws implications for policymakers and management from the findings.

Development of a high-efficiency and long-life 500W class H-Darrieus-type vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT) system using skin-spar-foam sandwich composite structure

2013 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 383-394
Author(s):  
Changduk Kong ◽  
Haseung Lee
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Vertical Axis ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Vertical Axis Wind Turbine ◽  
Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine ◽  
Structural Test ◽  
The City

AbstractSince the focus on the energy crisis and environmental issues due to excessive fossil fuel consumption, wind power has been considered as an important renewable energy source. Recently, several megawatt-class large-scale wind turbine systems have been developed in some countries. Even though the large-scale wind turbine can effectively produce electrical power, the small-scale wind turbine has been continuously developed due to some advantages; for instance, it can be easily built at a low cost without any limitation of location, i.e., even in the city. In case of small-scale wind turbines, the vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT) is used in the city despite having a lower efficiency than the horizontal axis wind turbine. Furthermore, most small-scale wind turbine systems have been designed at the rated wind speed of around 12 m/s. This aim of this work is to design a high-efficiency 500W class composite VAWT blade that is applicable to relatively low-speed regions. With regard to the aerodynamic design of the blade, parametric studies are carried out to decide an optimal aerodynamic configuration. The aerodynamic efficiency and performance of the designed VAWT is confirmed by computational fluid dynamics analysis. The structural design is performed by the load case study, initial sizing using the netting rule and the rule of mixture, structural analysis using finite element method (FEM), fatigue life estimation and structural test. The prototype blade is manufactured by hand lay-up and the matched die molding. The experimental structural test results are compared with the FEM analysis results. Finally, to evaluate the prototype VAWT including designed blades, the performance test is performed using a truck to simulate various ranges of wind speeds and some measuring equipment. According to the performance evaluation result, the estimated performance agrees well with the experimental test results in all operating ranges.

scholarly journals Uşak İli Keçi Yetiştiriciliğinin Mevcut Durumu Sorunları ve Çözüm Önerileri

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (sp1) ◽  
pp. 77
Author(s):  
Sibel Alapala Demirhan ◽  
Murat Erdem
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Internal Resources ◽  
Current State ◽  
High Feed ◽  
Incentive Policies ◽  
To Come ◽  
The City ◽  
Cheese Production

In the present study, it is aimed to determine the current state of the goat raising businesses operating in the city of Uşak and in its provinces, their problems and to come up with suggestions for solutions to these problems. In the current study, as the sampling of the study, 132 goat-raising businesses were selected by means of stratified random sampling method and they were administered a questionnaire consisted of 83 questions. The data obtained from the analysis of the questionnaires have revealed that high majority of the goat-raisers are elementary school graduates (86.4%) and they generally raise Hair goat (89.4%). Moreover, it has also been determined that for the mating of goats, male goats are brought into the herd in September and October and this mating process occurs in the form of free insemination, the age for female goats to be used as stock is 15-18 months old, additional feeding and synchronization are not generally practiced and weaning of baby goats occurs when they are 3-4 months old. Births are usually given in February-March and milking also starts in this period and lasts 6 months on average, the lactation milk yield is 60-80 liters, milking is performed once a day with hand and the produced milk is mostly used in cheese production. Moreover, in goat raising, transhumance is not a common practice and high majority of the breeders apply regular protective vaccines. As in many other regions, many problems such as high feed prices, the difficulty in finding a shepherd and price fluctuations force goat breeders to quit. For goat raising to be sustainable, technical and economic supports given to breeders should continue and improve. If the feed can be supplied with the internal resources of the businesses and if their products can be marketed directly without using intermediaries then some of the problems can be alleviated. Putting greater emphasis on this issue and developing incentive policies will make contributions to goat raising. As a result of the present study, it was concluded that developing goat raising businesses operating mostly as small-scale family businesses in the city of Uşak to large-scale businesses where intensive production is made by providing the necessary incentives and subsides is of great importance.

A Neighbourhood under Storm Zhabei and Shanghai Wars

2010 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 291-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Henriot
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Urban Setting ◽  
Success Story ◽  
Military Conflict ◽  
Major Aspect ◽  
Modern Warfare ◽  
Forms Of Violence ◽  
The City

AbstractWar was a major aspect of Shanghai history in the first half of the twentieth century. Yet, because of the particular political and territorial divisions that segmented the city, war struck only in Chinese-administered areas. In this paper, I examine the fate of the Zhabei district, a booming industrious area that came under fire on three successive occasions. Whereas Zhabei could be construed as a success story—a rag-to-riches, swamp-to-urbanity trajectory—the three instances of military conflict had an increasingly devastating impact, from shaking, to stifling, to finally erase Zhabei from the urban landscape. This area of Shanghai experienced the first large-scale modern warfare in an urban setting. The 1927 skirmish established the pattern in which the civilian population came to be exposed to extreme forms of violence, was turned overnight into a refugee population, and lost all its goods and properties to bombing and fires.

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